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    Lecture-4 Elasticity

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    dvenu2541
    This document discusses elasticity and elastic moduli. It introduces: - Hooke's law and the compliance and stiffness tensors which relate stress and strain. - The generalized Hooke's law equations and symmetry properties that reduce the number of independent elastic constants. - Relationships between elastic constants and how they vary based on crystal structure symmetry. - Analysis methods for composite materials including rule of mixtures, iso-strain, and iso-stress approaches. - Equations for isotropic materials based on the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν.

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    Lecture-4 Elasticity

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    dvenu2541
    11 views13 pages
    This document discusses elasticity and elastic moduli. It introduces: - Hooke's law and the compliance and stiffness tensors which relate stress and strain. - The generalized Hooke's law equations and symmetry properties that reduce the number of independent elastic constants. - Relationships between elastic constants and how they vary based on crystal structure symmetry. - Analysis methods for composite materials including rule of mixtures, iso-strain, and iso-stress approaches. - Equations for isotropic materials based on the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν.

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    This document discusses elasticity and elastic moduli. It introduces: - Hooke's law and the compliance and stiffness tensors which relate stress and strain. - The generalized Hooke's law equations and symmetry properties that reduce the number of independent elastic constants. - Relationships between elastic constants and how they vary based on crystal structure symmetry. - Analysis methods for composite materials including rule of mixtures, iso-strain, and iso-stress approaches. - Equations for isotropic materials based on the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views13 pages

    Lecture-4 Elasticity

    Uploaded by

    dvenu2541
    This document discusses elasticity and elastic moduli. It introduces: - Hooke's law and the compliance and stiffness tensors which relate stress and strain. - The generalized Hooke's law equations and symmetry properties that reduce the number of independent elastic constants. - Relationships between elastic constants and how they vary based on crystal structure symmetry. - Analysis methods for composite materials including rule of mixtures, iso-strain, and iso-stress approaches. - Equations for isotropic materials based on the elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν.

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    INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

    MTN 205 Mechanical behavior of Materials

    K.S. SURESH
    DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
    INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE, INDIA

    [email protected]

    Elasticity Lecture 4
    Elastic Modulus

    2
    Generalized Hooke’s Law

    • εij = Sijkl ζkl Sijkl : Compliance Tensor


    • ζij = Cijkl εkl Cijkl : Stiffness Tensor
    • Stiffness & Compliance: Fourth rank tensors (81 components)
    • Symmetry: ζij = ζji and εij = εij
    – εij = Sijkl ζkl & εji = Sijlk ζlk
    – Sijkl ζkl = Sijlk ζlk
    • Sijkl = Sijlk & similarly Cijkl = Cijlk
    • Reduces the number of independent components from 81 to
    36.
    • Energy consideration further reduces the independent
    constants to 21; Cnm = Cmn

    3
    (1+ ν) ν
    • εij = ζij – ζkk δij
    E E
    • Up on Inversion
    E 2Gν
    • ζij = εij + Δ (Volume change)
    (1+ ν) (1−2ν)

    • (Lame’s constant)
    • Distortion ζ’ij = 2Gε’ij
    • Dilatation ζij = 3Kεkk
    • Bulk Modulus K = ζm/Δ = -p/Δ
    E
    • K = and Compressibility β = 1/K
    3(1−2ν)

    4
    Relationship between Elastic constants

    5
    Contracted Notations
    σ11 σ12 σ13 σ1 σ6 σ5
    σ21 σ22 σ23 = σ6 σ2 σ4
    σ31 σ32 σ33 σ5 σ4 σ3

    ε11 ε12 ε13 ε1 ε6/2 ε5/2


    ε21 ε22 ε23 = ε6/2 ε2 ε4/2
    ε31 ε32 ε33 ε5/2 ε4/2 ε3
    Tensor Notation 11 22 33 23,32 31,13 12,21
    Matrix Notation 1 2 3 4 5 6

    Sijkl = Smn , where m & n are 1, 2, 3


    2Sijkl = Smn , where either m or n is 4, 5, 6
    4Sijkl = Smn , when both m & n are 4, 5 or 6
    S1111 = S11 , 2S1123 = S14 , 4S2323 = S44
    6
    7
    Independent elastic constants

    Crystal Structure Rotational Symmetry Independent Elastic


    Constants
    Triclinic One fold 21
    Monoclinic 1-Two fold rotation 13
    Orthorhombic 3-Two fold rotation 9
    Tetragonal 1-Four fold rotation 6
    Hexagonal 1-Six fold rotation 5
    Cubic 4-Three fold rotation 3
    Isometric 2

    8
    • For cubic crystals

    C11 = C22 = C33


    C12 = C23 = C31
    C44 = C55 = C66

    - Remaining constants vanish.


    S11+S12
    • C11 =
    (S11−S12)(S11+2S12)
    −S12
    C12 =
    (𝑆11−𝑆12)(𝑆11−2𝑆12)
    1
    C44 =
    S44
    1 −ν 1
    • For isotropic solids, S11 = ; S12 = ; S44 =
    E E G

    9
    Independent Elastic Constants

    10
    • Iso-strain Analysis σ

    ε C = εf = εm fibre

    σc = σ𝑓 = σm E
    E E m
    Ec f m m

    PC Pf Pm
    = = ; Pc = Pf + Pm
    AcEc AfEf AmEm σ

    Af/Ac = f ; Am/Ac = 1-f


    Rule of Mixtures : Ec = fEf + (1-f)Em

    11
    σ
    • Iso-stress Analysis
    σ c = σf = σm = σ m fibre

    εc = fεf + (1-f)εm
    σ = f σ = (1-f) σ
    Ec Ef Em σ

    E fE m
    Ec =
    fEm + 1−f Ef

    12
    • For isotropic solids needs only two elastic constants (E,ν)
    • Hooke’s law : ζx = Eεx
    • Poisson’s relation : εy = εz = - ν εx
    Stress Strain along x Strain along y Strain along z
    σx εx = σx /E εy = -νσx /E εz = −νσx /E

    σy εx = -νσy /E εy = σy /E εz = -νσy /E
    σz εx = -νσz /E εy = -νσz /E εz = σz /E
    1 (1+ ν) ν
    εx = [σ – ν(σy + σz )] εij = σij – σkk δij
    E x E E
    1 E
    εy = [σ – ν(σx + σz )] Shear Modulus, G =
    E y 2(1+ν)
    1
    εz = [σ – ν(σx + σy )]
    E z
    13

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