(Approved by AICTE, NEW DELHI & Affiliated to ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI)

Chittoor Main Road, Vellore - 632 059, Tamil Nadu

A REPORT ON BUSINESS
COMMUNICATION LABORATORY
.

Master Degree
In
Management Studies

SUBMITTED BY

NAME :
REG NO :
DEGREE:
DEPARTMENT:
SEM/YEAR:

1
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Business communication laboratory report

submitted by me for the work carried out in partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of master degree in management studies in
my original work.

Place:
Date:

2
 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.NO DATE NAME OF EXERCISE PAGE STAFF

NO SIGN

1 CONVERSATION

2 LETTER WRITING

3 JOB APPLICATION

4 SALES LETTER

5 RESUME WRITING

6 CASE STUDY

7 MEMO

8 REPORT WRITING

9 INTERVIEW SKILLS

10 GROUP DISCUSSION

11 PRESENTATION
SKILLS

12 SLOGANS

13 READING
COMPREHENSION

14 JUMBLES
SENTENCES

15 DEBATE

3
 CONVERSATION

DAY TO DAY CONVERSATION

A conversation is a verbal or written exchange of ideas, information, thoughts, or feelings
between two or more people. It involves a back-and-forth communication where participants
take turns speaking and listening. Conversations can occur in various contexts, such as casual
social interactions, formal business discussions, interviews, or any other situation where people
engage in dialogue.

Effective conversations typically involve active listening, mutual understanding, and the
exchange of perspectives. Participants in a conversation may express their thoughts, ask
questions, provide feedback, and respond to the contributions of others. The dynamics of a
conversation can vary widely based on cultural norms, individual communication styles, and
the specific purpose or context of the interaction.
Conversation About a Brief Conversation Between 2 Old Friends Meeting by Chance at
A Cafe
Sarah: Hello Jason, how are you, it's been a long time since we last met?
Jason: Oh, hi Sarah I'm have got a new job now and is going great. How about
you?
Sarah: Not too bad.
Jason: How often do you eat at this cafe?
Sarah: This is my first time my friends kept telling me the food was great, so tonight I
decided totry it. What have you been up to?
Jason: I have been so busy with my new job that I have not had the time to do much else,
butotherwise, me and the family are all fine.
Sarah: Well, I hope you and your family lovely
Jason: Yes, you too.

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Key Vocabulary
What have you been up to? I've been away on business Company conference
What have you been doing lately? relatives to move
condo neighborhood That's strange How time flies
To graduate from college or university It seems like yesterday
To retire
I have to get going Glad to have you back

Social Greetings in the English Language

Greetings are used to say hello in English. It's common to use different greetings depending on
whether you greet a friend, family or a business associate. When you meet friends, use informal
greetings. If it's really important, use formal greetings. Formal greetings are also used with
people you do not know very well.

Formal Greetings: Arriving

o Good morning / afternoon / evening.
o Hello (name), how are you?
o Good day Sir / Madam (very formal)

Respond to a formal greeting with another formal greeting.

o Good morning Mr. Smith.
o Hello Ms. Anderson. How are you today?

Informal Greetings: Arriving

o Hi / Hello
o How are you?
o How are you doing?
o What's up? (very informal)

How are you? / How are you doing?

o Very well, thank you. And you? (formal)

o Fine / Great (informal)
o What's up?

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 o Not much.
o I'm just (watching TV, hanging out, cooking dinner, etc.

Informal Greetings after a Long Time

If you haven't seen a friend or family member for a long time, use one these informal greetings
to mark the occasion.

o It's great to see you!

o How have you been?
o Long time, no see.
o How are you doing these days?

Formal Greetings: Departing

Use these greetings when you say goodbye at the end of the day. These greetings are appropriate
for work and other formal situations.

o Good morning / afternoon / evening.

o It was a pleasure seeing you.
o Goodbye.
o Goodnight. (Note: Use after 8 p.m.)

Informal Greetings: Departing

Use these greetings when saying goodbye in an informal situation.

o Nice seeing you!

o Goodbye / Bye
o See you later
o Later (very informal)

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 LETTER WRITING
A letter is one person's written message to another pertaining to some matter of common
concern.
Letters are of two types:

a. Formal Letter
b. Informal Letter

Formal Letter

A Letter written for a formal purpose is called a formal letter. It addresses a serious issue. Let
us discuss the types of formal letter.

Types of Formal letter

1. Letter to the editor
2. Letter to the Government
3. Letter to the police
4. Letter to the principal
5. Order letter, Business letter
6. Complaint letter
7. Inquiry letter, Application letter

FORMAL LETTER FORMAT

Formal Letters
A formal letter is one written in a formal and ceremonious language and follows a certain
stipulated format. Such letters are written for official purposes to authorities, dignitaries,
colleagues, seniors, etc. and not to personal contacts, friends or family. A number of
conventions must be adhered to while drafting formal letters. So let us take a look at a sample
format of a formal letter.

The following points need to be taken into consideration while writing a formal letter-

1. A Formal Letter strictly follows the prescribed Format for writing a Formal Letter.
2. Use of colloquial words, abbreviations and slang language should be restricted while
writing a formal letter.
3. A Formal Letter must be precise and to the point.
4. The Subject line is very important in a Formal Letter.

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The Format of a Formal Letter is as follows

1. Sender’s address: The address and contact details of the sender are written here. Include
email and phone number, if required or if mentioned in the question.
2. Date: The date is written below the sender’s address after Leaving one space or line.
3. Receiver’s address: The address of the recipient of the mail (the officer / principal /
Editor) is written here.
4. Subject of the letter: The main purpose of the letter forms the subject. It must be written
in one line. It must convey the matter for which the letter is written.
5. Salutation (Sir / Respected sir / Madam)
6. Body: The matter of the letter is written here. It is divided into 3 paragraphs as follows
7. Paragraph A: Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter in brief.
8. Paragraph B: Give a detail of the matter.
9. Paragraph C: Conclude by mentioning what you expect. (For example, a solution to
your problem, to highlight an issue in the newspaper, etc.).
10. Complimentary Closing
11. Sender’s name, signature and designation (if any)

Sender’s address
Date
Receiver’s Address
Subject
Salutation
Body of the letter
Complimentary closing
Sender’s Name, signature and designation

Informal Letter

A Letter written for an informal purpose is called an Informal letter. It is written for a casual
purpose.
Let us discuss the types of informal letter

Types of Informal letter

1. Letter to parents
2. Letter to siblings
3. Letter to friends
4. Letter to classmates
5. Letter to neighbor

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For complete details please see:
Informal letter Format, Examples, Topics. What is informal Letter?

Format of an Informal Letter

Date
Salutation
Body of the letter
Sender’s Name and signature
Sample Letters

CONGRATULATION LETTER

From, Aisha Vyas,

21, Downtown, London, UK.
Date: March 3, 2017 To,
Zeeshan Malik,

A-49/2, St. Peter Lane. London, UK.

Subject: Congratulation Letter Dear Zeeshan,
I wholeheartedly congratulate you on your success. I came to know that you passed out from
the Bombay university by securing a degree of Masters of Business Administration. I am very
happy to see your success. It is a real achievement to get through this course successfully. I am
congratulating you from the bottom of my heart.

You have always been a scholar and a sincere student from the very beginning. You always
cherished the dream to become a successful person. You were focused on your career right
from the beginning and always wanted to achieve something in life.

You even studied hard and sincerely. Today your effort and hard work have paid off. Today
you have become an MBA. I am proud of you. May god bless you with lots of happiness in the
near future.

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ACCEPTANCE LETTER SAMPLE

1435 Lincoln Ave

Charleston IL 61920 Today’s Date

Ms. Mary Lou Nelson Manager of Human Resources XYZ Corporation
2901 Glenwood Ave

Chicago IL 60429

Dear Ms. Nelson:

I am writing to confirm my acceptance of your employment offer on April 20 and to tell you
how delighted I am to be joining XYZ Corporation in Chicago. The work is exactly what I have
prepared to perform and hoped to do. I feel confident that I can make a significant contribution
to the corporation, and I am grateful for the opportunity you have given me.
As we discussed, I will report to work at 8:00 am on July 1 and will have completed the medical
examination and drug testing by the start date. Additionally, I shall complete all employment
and insurance forms for the new employee orientation.
I look forward to working with you and your fine team. I appreciate your confidence in me and
am very happy to be joining your staff.
Sincerely,
Sarah B. Rodriguez

REFUSAL (DECLINE) LETTER

1435 Lincoln Ave Charleston IL 61920

Today’s Date

Ms. Mary Lou Nelson Manager of Human Resources XYZ Corporation 2901 Glenwood Ave
Chicago IL 60429 Dear Ms. Nelson:

Thank you very much for offering me the position of Accountant with XYZ Corporation. I
appreciate your discussing the details of the position with me and giving me time to consider
your offer.

You have a fine organization and there are many aspects of the position that are very appealing
to me. However, I believe it is in our mutual best interests that I decline your kind offer. This
has been a difficult decision for me, but I believe it is the appropriate one for my career at this
time. I want to thank you for the consideration and courtesy given to me. It was a pleasure
meeting you and your fine staff.

Sincerely, Sarah B. Rodriguez

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You are Garima / Gaurav.

Write a letter to your friend Sanjana / Sanjay, inviting her / him to your birthday party. Give
details regarding the day, time, venue, etc. Add interesting details like theme, dress code, etc.

45, Jan Marg Delhi.

33, Khan Gali Delhi.

Date: 21 August 2018

Dear Sanjay

Hi! You are invited to my birthday party on 25th August.

The party will be at Archie’s Place, Nehru Park from 4:00 to 7:00 PM. As the party is based on
‘Spiderman’ theme, please wear a dress in red / black color combination. It will be fun as I have
arranged a Mask game, a ‘Spidey’ web game and a never – seen – before neon light and music
show. I am very excited as I will wear the special Spidey costume designed by my sister. Please
come as it will be good to have your company. Also, bring your brother Saurav.

Waiting for your confirmation.

Gaurav

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 COMPLAINT LETTER

Write a letter to the editor of a daily newspaper complaining about the construction work on
your road in the middle of monsoon season causing inconveniences to the people of your
locality.

To,
The Editor-in-Chief, Hindustan Times, Main Street, Mumbai 400 001.

Sir,
D- 1801, Neptune Society, DS Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 008.
11th June 2018.

Subject: Construction work in our locality during monsoon season causing us difficulties.

Through the medium of your esteemed and respected daily, I wish to inform the municipal
authorities of the difficulties the residents of my locality are facing due to the construction and
repair work currently happening in our area. Monsoon season has started a few days ago and is
compounding our problems.

The repair work has been ongoing for five weeks now and is falling way behind schedule. And
now with the current weather conditions, we are having persistent problems of water logging
and flooding in our area. Another worry is about the accidents that may occur due to the debris
lying around the road. Diseases caused due to waterlogging are another one of our concerns.

Therefore, I wish to draw the attention of the concerned authorities with the help of your
newspaper. Hopefully, you will be able to help us in drawing their attention and resolving this
matter at the earliest.

Thanking You, Your Sincerely,

**signature**

[Mr. XYZ]

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 JOB APPLICATION
COVER LETTER

From
XXXX
Flat No: 4, Bharathi Nagar extn, 1st Main Road, Katpadi, Vellore-632007.
[email protected]

To
The Manager
Reynold India Pvt. Ltd, L-54, Kaveri Colony, Anna Nagar East, Chennai-600102.

Dear sir

Sub: Applying for the post of Design Engineer-reg

I am interested in the design engineer position at Reynold India Pvt. Ltd., as advertised in The
Hindu. I am currently employed as junior design engineer at Breaks India ltd. I believe that the
skills and experiences I have gained at this position make me an ideal candidate for the job of
design engineer.

As junior design engineer, I have developed designing and analyzing skills.

For example, one of my main duties is to prepare the design of various types of automotive
brake drum and brake shoe and analyzing it for under various conditions. This duty requires
meticulous designing and analyzing skills, and an ability to convey complex ideas clearly. I
have designed dozens of pieces of automotive parts, and received praise for my design.

I am always eager to learn more about new design software and new machining processes,
reading up on these topics on my own time to become more knowledgeable. I would love to
bring my knowledge for your company
I am confident that my experience in designing and analyzing skills qualify me for
consideration. If you would like, I can provide you with current samples of my work. I have
also enclosed my resume. I look forward to meeting with you and discussing my qualifications
in more detail.

Yours faithfully
XX
Encl: Resume

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 SALES LETTER

ACME WINDOW WASHING

227 Gardner Avenue
Scranton, PA 18501

April 15, 2004 Serving the Greater

Scranton Area
Mr. Raymond Blink
Owner
Classic Gizmo’s
173 E. Drinker St.
Dunmore, PA 18512

Dear Mr. Blink:

How many times have you heard, “Oh…and by the way—I don’t do windows!” Well, you
won’t hear that from us. It’s what we do. We know that there are more important things for you
to be doing than washing windows. SO—do them. And call us to do your windows.
ACME WINDOW WASHING
347- ACME (347-2263)
Take advantage of our FREE onsite service consultation. Let us give you a FREE, on the spot,
CLEAN QUOTE. See for yourself why, for over twenty years, so many home and business
owners in the Greater Scranton Area have turned first to ACME WINDOW WASHING. From
the ground floor to the top floor, we provide the highest quality interior and exterior window
cleaning service money can buy—at prices that are hard to beat. Along with your FREE
CLEAN QUOTE, we will provide you with a personally tailored monthly window-cleaning
program designed to fit your busy lifestyle. With certified ACME professionals on the job you
will be doing one less mundane chore. While you go about your business, we’ll go about ours.
We’ll make the world outside your window a brighter place.
So don’t delay. Schedule your FREE CONSULTATION today. Mention this letter and receive
a 25% DISCOUNT on the first regularly scheduled service call of your personally tailored
monthly window-cleaning program.

Let us do your windows,

Lance Glassman
ACME Account Executive
When the world outside looks dirty Get Your Windows Washed
Call 347- ACME (347-2263)

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 GENERAL RESUME

XXXX
Flat No: 4, Bharathi Nagar extn, 1st Main Road, Katpadi, Vellore-632007.
[email protected]

OBJECTIVE

To gain the position of design engineering and to associate myself with an organization that
provides a challenging job and an opportunity to prove my innovative skills

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

Degree of Name of the Year Division

Examination Institution
B.E-Mechanical Anna University, Chennai. 2012-2016 First class with
CGPA:7.8
Higher Secondary Class Vidhya Vikas boys, higher 2010-2012 Secured :83%
secondary school, Namakkal
SSLC Vani Vidyalaya matric 2009-2010 Secured:86%
higher secondary school,
Katpadi, Vellore

SOFT SKILLS

o Can lead a team in better way.

o Good in Verbal Communication.
o Good in Written Communication.

TECHNICAL SKILLS

o Proficient in Auto CAD, NX-CAD, ANSYS, Solid works.

PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS

o A student member of SAEINDIA [Society of Automotive Engineers INDIA]

FIELD OF INTEREST

o Interested in designing

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CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

o Done a mini project about the topic “Utilization of wave energy for producing
electricity” in our college [6th Semester]
o Taken a Seminar in our college about the topic “Recent Development in Automobile”.
o I was the class representative in 6th semester of our class in our college [Kingston
Engineering College].

EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

o NSS member in our college and involved in controlling &maintaining the Church roads
in Christianpettai.

PAPER PRESENTATION

➢ Title: Advances in Laser Material Processing

➢ Name of the College: Sathyabama University, Chennai
➢ Award Won: II

PERSONAL DETAILS

Name : XXXX
Fathers Name :YYYY
Sex : male/female
Date of Birth : DD/MM/YYYY
Nationality : Indian
Marital Status : married/unmarried
Hobbies : Reading Books, Gardening.

REFERENCES

Mr./Ms. XXXX Head of the Department,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kingston Engineering College,
Vellore.

DECLARATION

I hereby confirm that the information given above is true to the best of my knowledge.

Yours truly,
xxxx

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 MODEL MEMO

HEALTH WAVE PHARMA LIMITED

MKG Road, Shastri Nagar, Chennai – 600 002.
Inter office Memorandum
Date: February 20,2017

To: Krishnan Regional Manager

From: xxxx All India Sales Manager

SUBJECT: TRAINING PROGRAM ON NEW PRODUCT

As you aware we are going to launch a new anti-cancer drug by name “CILCER” in the market
during the course of next month in your territory. A special training program to your filed sales
executives is essential in order to launch this product.

Hence, I request you to make the necessary arrangement for the training program in your
territory and inform me the details as we need to take necessary action from our end by the end
of this month.

xxxx

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 REPORT WRITING
A report is an orderly, objective message used to convey information from one organizational
area to another or from one institution to another to assist in decision making or problem
solving. Just as letters, reports are a form of written communication. A report gives an account
of what is seen, heard or observed. Reports convey the required information. There are many
forms of reports. They are:
• Technical Reports
• Laboratory Reports
• Research Reports
• Feasibility Reports
• Progress Reports
• Trip Reports, etc.

In general, reports must be clear, concise and logical.

A formal report may include the following parts or elements:

• Title page
• Preface
• Letter of transmittal
• Acknowledgements
• Table of contents
• List of illustrations
• Abstract
• Executive Summary Introduction
• Methodology
• Discussion
• Finding
• Analysis Conclusion

Recommendation
Appendices
References and Bibliography

Note:
In report writing, you must be as objective as possible. Do not approach the task with a lot of
preconceived bias.
For example: “I am going to prove that smoking is dangerous to your health.” It is better to
begin with a question in mind and then do the research to find answers to your question. For
example, “Is smoking really dangerous to your health?”

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Model Report – I

05.01.23

To

The President

Cauvery Industries Ltd., Tiruchirappalli.

Sir,

Sub: Feasibility of Flexible Working Hours

This report concerns the feasibility of allowing workers to start and stop work at the times that
suit them best, a practice known flex-time. Of course, we all understand that everyone would
still work a total of 40 hours per week, as we do now. This idea of flexible working hours was
first presented to the directors by some of our workers, many of whom have young children in
school.

The Personal Manager was asked to look into the question, and his study had two aspects. First,
he looked at the experience of other companies, and second, he looked carefully at our own
working arrangements.

Parents of school-age children were able to fit their work hours to those of their children.
Workers could choose to work during hours they could be most productive. Worker attitude
improved because of more choice in work time.

There were, however, some disadvantages as well. Sometimes there were not enough workers
in some departments at crucial hours of the day, and it took a while to iron out confusion about
schedules.

Next, we asked all employees of our company to predict the hours they would probably choose
to work. This information was then circulated to all head of department for comment. The
department heads were asked to look in particular at possible problems and their solution.

After studying all this information, a committee that included a representative from every
department decided to try flex-time for a period of 3 months, starting February 1, 2014. At the
end of that period, the committee will make a final decision.
Yours faithfully, Committee Members

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 CASE STUDY
WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION CHALLENGE

Scenario:
Imagine a large multinational company with offices in different countries. The company is
experiencing communication breakdowns between teams located in different regions. Project
deadlines are being missed, and team members are feeling frustrated.
Challenge:
The primary challenge is that teams in different locations have different working hours, cultural
backgrounds, and communication styles. This has led to misunderstandings, delayed responses
to emails, and a lack of alignment on project goals.
Solution:
• Implement a Unified Communication Platform:
Introduce a unified communication platform that includes messaging, video conferencing, and
file-sharing capabilities. This can help bridge the gap between time zones and provide a real-
time channel for communication.
• Cross-Cultural Training:
Conduct cross-cultural training sessions to enhance understanding among team members from
different cultural backgrounds. This can help reduce misunderstandings and foster a more
collaborative environment.
• Establish Clear Communication Protocols:
Develop and communicate clear guidelines for project communication. This includes
specifying response times for emails, outlining the preferred mode of communication for
different scenarios, and setting expectations for regular check-ins.
• Regular Virtual Meetings:
Schedule regular virtual team meetings to ensure everyone is on the same page. Rotate meeting
times to accommodate different time zones and record sessions for those who can't attend in
real-time.
• Project Management Tools:
Implement project management tools that allow for transparent tracking of tasks and deadlines.
This can help teams stay organized and aware of each other's progress.

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 INTERVIEW SKILLS
Introduction:

An interview is a screening process in which you are given an opportunity to learn more about
the prospect your organization while the organization also has the opportunity to evaluate you
as a prospective employee.

What is an interview?
An interview is a…
1. Structured meeting between you and the employer
2. Interviewing is a skill to be developed
3. Practice makes perfect
The purpose of an interview is to
1. Allow you to assess the position and nature of the organization to determine if there’s
a fit between your professional goals and the job.
2. Allow the Interviewer to gather information regarding your interests, skills, & abilities
to determine if you will meet their needs.

Different types of interviews:

There are many different types of interviews. Once you are selected for an interview, you may
experience one or more of the situations described below. When you schedule an interview, try
to get as much information as possible about whom you will be meeting. Note that it is rare to
have only one interview prior to a job offer. Most employers will bring back a candidate a
number of times to be sure a potential employee will fit into the company culture.
1. Traditional Face-to-Face Interview
2. Panel/Committee Interview
3. Behavioral Interview
4. Case Interview
5. Telephone Interview
6. Group Interview
7. Lunch/Dinner Interview
8. Stress Interview
Most commonly asked question
Q1. Tell me about yourself.
Q2. What do you know about our organization? Q3. Why do you want to work for us?
Q4. What can you do for us that someone else can't? Q5. Explain how would be an asset to this
organization? Q6. Why should we hire you?
Q7. What do you look for in a job?
Q8. How long would you expect to work for us if hired?
Q9. What is the difference between hard work and smart work?
Q10. How long would you stay with us?
Q11. What are your strengths and weaknesses?

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Q12. What is your management style? Q13. What are your goals?
Q14. What do you look for when you hire people? Q15. Why do you want to work at our
company?
Q16. What is the difference between confidence and over confidence? Q17. Can you work
under pressure?
Q18.Are you willing to relocate or travel? Q19.Would you lie for the company?
Q20.Where do you see yourself five years from now? Q21.How much salary do you expect?
Q22.Do you have any questions for me?
Q23.On a scale of one to ten, rate me as an interviewer.

Tell me about yourself

Good morning, madam.

It's my pleasure to introduce myself and I want to thank you for giving me such a great
opportunity. Well, I am xxxx from Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Currently I am pursuing
Pre-final year Mechanical Engineering from Kingston Engineering College under Anna
University and secured 88% up to 5th semester. I have done my schooling from Vani Vidyalaya
matric Higher Secondary School with 83% in SSLC and 87% in HSC under

We are of 4 members in a family including me, my dad is a business man, mom is a home
maker and I have one sister.

Now talking my technical skills and achievements:

1. I secured a merit certificate in Metrology and Measurements and always be a ranker in my

stream which explores that I am hard worker and a quick learner.

I organized an event in my college and I am active member of the science club which shows
that I have a leadership quality and a good team player.
I have good technical skill like Auto cad, NX-CAD, and solid works designing.

I have attended many symposiums, seminars and workshops and presented papers which show
that I have a positive attitude to learn something new and to speak well in front of people.

My strengths are good team player and can adapt to any environment easily, hardworking, self-
motivator, quick learner of anything and take both success and failure in the same manner and
I get the job done.

My weakness is straight forward and as I am fresher in job field and I will surely improve. My
hobbies are listening to music, chatting and playing chess.
My short-term goal is to be a part of a reputed company like yours, where I can expose and
increase my skills and my long-term goal is want to be recognized by my work and

22
achievements serving the same company.

I am fresher to give my best to your organization and I would like to tell you that you give me
an opportunity and I will show you what I can.

Thank you to spend your valuable time for me.

Why should I hire you?

Mam, my profile or my objective are match with your requirement. Now I am fresher you can
mound me according to you company need and I am quick learning new things. If you give me
chance to work in your company, I assure you to I will give my 100% towards the growth of
your company.
I think that I am best suitable for this job. I am a graduate; I am an efficient team player when
a team work is concerned and if I am supposed to complete a task in a particular time then I am
able to work individually and effectively to meet the deadlines. I can deal with the things
effectively under pressure. And also, I am optimistic, hardworking, self-motivated, detailed
oriented, well-organized person. So, these qualities make me suitable to this job.

What are your strengths and weaknesses?

My Strength is confidence in myself, ability to maintain a cool composure even during critical
situations and my eagerness to learn new things

Weakness: - Not Prioritizing and finishing the work on its importance due to which things used
to get delayed and jumbled up. But I am overcoming this weakness by maintaining a checklist
listing out the works to be completed based on its importance
Strengths:
1-Close to God.
2-I am a fast learner; I love to learn new things.
3-Honest.
Weaknesses:
1. I don't feel comfortable until I finish my work.
2. I can trust any person easily. Many times, this does not help me.
Strength;
1. I am a fast learner; I love to learn new things.
2. I easily adapt the new environment.
3. If any task is given to me, I make sure I am giving my 100%.
4. Smile and think positive.
5. Learning from mistakes.

23
Weakness;
1. I often copy good things from people.
2. I am very frank and honest. This does not help me most of the time.
3. I expect appreciation, if I am giving my 100% in any task.
4. Sometimes I lose my self-control and say what is correct instead of being diplomatic.
That usually spoils situation.

Why do you want to work at our company?

As a fresh engineer it is my dream to work in a well-established company and I am fully aware

of your company's progress and I think your company can provide me all facilities which other
companies cannot. Your company has well established department that’s why I want to work
in your company.

What is the difference between confidence and over confidence?

1. Confidence: is what, the feel for doing anything within your capacity, knowledge,
activity, and the determination power. Over Confidence is willingness for doing anything even
though with a lack of knowledge, capacity.

2. Act of determination after knowing your limits (means chances of failures) is

confidence and act of determination without knowing your limits (means ignoring slightest
chance of failure) is overconfidence. If you are aware of the possible outcome & there is only
1% chance of your success & still you believe you can do it then it is called as confidence
(results don't matter whether you are successful or not. There may be failures but since those
failures are expected. You are said to be confident because you can succeed if you are well
prepared) while if there is 99% chance of your success & still you ignore chances of 1% failure
then you are said to be overconfident and because of ignoring 1% failing chance you may not
put sufficient effort and may fail.

What is the difference between hard work and smart work?

Hard work - when we done work without plan and we put all power of his body then work
complete then we can say that its hard work.
Smart work - when we done work without hard work only from plan or work finished than we
can say that its smart work.

24
Case 1:
When NASA began the launch of astronauts into space, they found out that the pens wouldn't
work at zero gravity (ink won't flow down to the writing surface). To solve this problem, it took
them one decade and $12 million.

They developed a pen that worked at zero gravity, upside down, underwater, on practically any
surface including crystal and, in a temperature, range from below freezing to over 300 degrees
C. And what did the Russians do...?? They used a pencil.

Can you work under pressure?

Yes, I can work well under pressure actually working under pressure shows your real qualities
and talent because everyone can swim with the flow of water but the truly talented swimmer
can swim against the flow of water.

Yes, I can work under pressure because pressure is a part of our life. If there is no pressure then
person becomes lazy & makes a lot of mistakes. So having pressure in work I think it motivates
me to do the work sincerely.

Are you willing to relocate or travel?

Yes, sir definitely, because I want to build my career so I will give importance to my work
rather than location and full-fill my company requirements.
To have a very long and successful carrier with the same organization it's necessary / imperative
to understand the work culture and functions of the organization in different locations.

What are your goals?

My long-term goal is to get a good position at your reputed organization and move up the level
in future with a great benefit to the organization and myself.
My short-term goal is to get selected in reputed company like yours and enhance my skills and
my long-term goal is to see your organization at the peak level where I will one of the person
responsible for it, which will create much profit(benefits) to the company and me also.

How long would you expect to work for us if hired?

Well sir I'm a fresh graduate and it was my dream to get into an organization. And would love
to work with your company and achieve more and more to build my skills and knowledge, there
is no question of quitting
As a young graduate it has been always my dream to be a part of your company. So, if I am
selected, it will be my pleasure and I assure that I can give you, my best. And if you recognize
my work and potential, I will be there with you always as long as you want me to stay in this
company.

25
Explain how would be an asset to this organization?

Well sir hardworking, dedication, punctuality are the things which makes an employee to be an
asset to an organization. And I will assure you that you will never have complaints regarding
my punctuality hard work and dedication. I can be an asset to your firm. I feel I should give a
chance. Thank you.

Would you lie for the company?

Sir, in my view no business can survive without a lie.

For example- If I want to sell a product for Rs 100 which costs me Rs 50 and if I tell the truth
to my customer about its cost price, then he will never buy my product.
As the great philosopher said, “The lie for the sake of someone, do not seem to be a lie". So, I
may also tell lie for my company when needed.

Where do you see yourself five years from now?

Five years down the line I would like to see myself as an important part of organization. And
there would be a great value addition in organization by me. Lastly, I will be something who
will have ability to take any fruitful decision.
I want to see myself secure at four important levels
➢ professionally-by becoming an asset to my employers;
➢ economically-by making at least a few wise investments;
➢ personally-by being there when my I'm needed;
➢ academically-by completing the degree in management, which I always wanted.

How much salary do you expect?

Sir, salary is important. Work is much more. As a fresher, my primary concern is to learn from
you and enhance my knowledge. I want to build a carrier with work experience. I will be happy
with the package you will offer me as per the companies’ norms as well as it will help me to
improve my financial growth.

Do you have any questions for me?

Thank you, sir, for giving me this opportunity I would like 2 known in which area I need to
improve myself which would help me during my training period.

On a scale of one to ten, rate me as an interviewer.

Sir, I don't think I am in a position to rate you. You are an experienced and well qualified person
but still given an opportunity, I would rate you as 9 and half on ten. I had an amazing experience
in this interview. I am deducting half mark because I believe that no one is perfect and we all
have space for improvement.

26
 GROUP DISCUSSION
What is Group Discussion?

A GD is a methodology used by an organization to gauge whether the candidate has certain

personality traits and/or skills that it desires in its members. In this methodology, the group of
candidates is given a topic or a situation, given a few minutes to think about the same, and then
asked to discuss the topic among themselves for 15-20 minutes.

GD evaluation is done by the subject experts based on the discussions. A report will be prepared
on analyzing the facts at the end of the discussion.

Why GDs are implemented commonly:

The reason why institutes put you through a Group discussion and an interview, after testing
the technical and conceptual skills in an exam, is to get to know the person and gauge how well
you will fit in their institute. Devaluates how you can function as a part of a team.

Company's Perspective:

Companies conduct group discussion after the written test to know more about your:
• Interactive Skills (how good you are at communication with other people)
• Behavior (how open-minded are you in accepting views contrary to your own)
• Participation (how good an active speaker you are & your attention to the discussion)
• Contribution (how much importance do you give to the group

How to Face GD

A group discussion consists of:

1. Communication Skills
2. Knowledge and ideas regarding a given subject
3. Capability to co-ordinate and lead
4. Exchange of thoughts
5. Addressing the group as a whole
6. Thorough preparations

Why Do We Have GD’S?

Why do we have GD’s here you have the answers and more details on importance of GD’s. We
can elaborate and understand this from two sides
i.e. as a candidate or as a moderator/judge or interviewer.
Reasons For Having a GD - As a Candidate!

27
 ✓ It helps you to understand a subject more deeply It improves your ability to think
critically
✓ It helps in solving a particular problem
✓ It helps the group to make a particular decision
✓ It gives you the chance to hear other students' ideas It improves your listening skills
✓ It increases your confidence in speaking It can change your attitudes
✓ Reasons For Having a GD - As an Interviewer!

✓ It helps in understanding a candidate’s interpersonal skills

✓ It helps in identifying if a candidate has the ability to work in a team It helps in
understanding one’s attitude
✓ Finally helps in selecting a perspective candidate in a perspective methodology

Strategies For Improving GD Skills For Tutorials & Seminars

Asking questions and joining in discussions are important skills for university study. If you
find it difficult to speak or ask questions in tutorials, try the following strategies.
Observe

Attend as many seminars and tutorials as possible and notice what other students do. Ask
yourself:
How do other students make critical comments? How do they ask questions?
How do they disagree with or support arguments?
What special phrases do they use to show politeness even when they are voicing disagreement?
How do they signal to interrupt, ask a question or make a point? Practice
Start practicing your discussion skills in an informal setting or with a small group. Start with
asking questions of fellow students. Ask them about the course material. Ask for their opinions.
Ask for information or ask for help.
Participate

Take every opportunity to take part in social/informal discussions as well as more

structured/formal discussion. Start by making small contributions to tutorial discussions;
prepare a question to ask, or agree with another speaker's remarks.

Discussion Etiquette (or minding your manners) Do’s

Speak pleasantly and politely to the group. Respect the contribution of every speaker.
Remember that a discussion is not an argument. Learn to disagree politely.
Think about your contribution before you speak. How best can you answer the question/
contribute to the topic?

Try to stick to the discussion topic. Don't introduce irrelevant information. Be aware of your
body language when you are speaking.
Agree with and acknowledge what you find interesting. Don’t
28
Lose your temper. A discussion is not an argument. Shout. Use a moderate tone and medium
pitch.

Use too many gestures when you speak. Gestures like finger pointing and table thumping can
appear aggressive.
Dominate the discussion. Confident speakers should allow quieter students a chance to
contribute.
Draw too much on personal experience or anecdote. Although some tutors encourage students
to reflect on their own experience, remember not to generalize too much. Interrupt. Wait for a
speaker to finish what they are saying before you speak.

GD Preparation
Reading: This is the first and the most crucial step in preparation. This is a never-ending process
and the more you read, the better you are in your thoughts. While you may read anything to
everything, you must ensure that you are in good touch with current affairs, the debates and hot
topics of discussion and also with the latest in the IT and ITES industry.

Mocks: Create an informal GD group and meet regularly to discuss and exchange feedback.
This is the best way to prepare. This would give you a good idea about your thoughts and how
well can you convince. It is important that you are able to express your thoughts well. The
better you perform in these mocks the better would be you chances to perform on the final day.

Dressing: Always dress in formals. Wearing a good combination of dark and light outfit is a
good idea. Ensure your clothes are well ironed. Footwear is polished, neat & tidy. For men, if
you wear a black belt ensure you are in black footwear. Avoid too
much of jeweler during interviews or group discussions.

During the Group Discussion:

What do the panelists assess: Some of the qualities assessed in a GD are:

Leadership Skills - Ability to take leadership roles and be able to lead, inspire and carry the
team along to help them achieve the group's objectives.
Communication Skills - Candidates will be assessed in terms of clarity of thought, expression
and aptness of language. One key aspect is listening. It indicates a willingness to accommodate
others’ views.

Interpersonal Skills - People skills are an important aspect of any job. They are reflected in the
ability to interact with other members of the group in a brief situation. Emotional maturity and
balance promote good interpersonal relationships. The person has to be more people centric
and less self-centered.
Persuasive Skills - The ability to analyze and persuade others to see the problem from multiple
perspectives.

29
Types Of GD

GDs can be topic-based or case-based.

1. TOPIC BASED GD’S

Topic based GD’s can be classified into 3, they are as below:

• Factual
• Controversial
• Abstract

Factual Topics:
Factual topics are about practical things, which an ordinary person is aware of in his day-to-
day life. Typically, these are about socio-economic topics.
Examples: The education policy of India, Tourism in India, State of the aged in the nation.

Controversial Topics:
Controversial topics are the ones that are argumentative in nature. They are meant to generate
controversy. Examples: Reservations should be removed, Women make better managers

Abstract Topics:
Abstract topics are about intangible things. These topics test your lateral thinking and creativity.
Examples: A is an alphabet, Twinkle little star, The number 10

2. CASE-BASED GD’s

Another variation is the use of a case instead of a topic. The case study tries to simulate a real-
life situation. Information about the situation will begiven to you and you would be asked as a
group to resolve the situation. In the case study there are no incorrect answers or perfect
solutions. The objective in
the case study is to get you to think about the situation from various angles.

Different techniques to initiate a GD and make a good first impressions are:

▪ Quotes
▪ Definition
▪ Question
▪ Shock statement
▪ Facts, figures and statistics
▪ Short story
▪ General statement

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 3. Summarizing or Concluding

Most GDs don’t really have conclusions. A conclusion is where the whole group decides in
favor or against the topic, but every GD is summarized. You can take the opportunity to
summaries what the group has discussed in the GD in a nutshell.
Keep the following points in mind while summarizing a discussion: Avoid raising new points.

Avoid stating only your viewpoint.

Avoid dwelling only on one aspect of the GD. Keep it brief and concise.
It must incorporate all the important points that came out during the GD.

If the examiner asks you to summaries a GD, it means the GD has come to an end. Do not add
anything once the GD has been summarized.

Do’s of a Group Discussion

❖ Be Yourself:
❖ Speak Out
❖ Think before you speak Seek clarification
❖ Be confident before you speak Begin smartly
❖ Add valuable thoughts good body language
❖ Usage of effective language
❖ Maintain your tone while communicating Motivating others to speak
❖ Be patience

Don’t of a Group Discussion

Here's a list of the most common mistakes made at group discussions:

❖ Emotional Outburst
❖ Deviate from the subject
❖ Treat the discussion as a forum to air her views
❖ Lose objectivity and make personal attacks
❖ Egotism showing off

31
Mock Group Discussion

The Group Discussion in the selection process of a leading B-School is produced below. There
are five participants and a moderator.
The topic: Influence of Online Social Networks on our Youth

Candidate 1:
Nowadays social media is playing an effective role in our Indian youths to interact with other
people from different countries and it is also a way of transferring products or service
information through social media to a huge number of people at a time to different people from
different countries.

Candidate 2:

According to me, there are both advantages and disadvantages of social networking.
Social networking is important in our lives because it helps us to connect with other people, it
helps to. Know about new things, it helps in providing information about what is happening
around the world, etc.
There are disadvantages like children's are misusing it sometimes by watching and learning bad
things and it makes student addicted of social networking and take them away from.
Studies.
But I think it’s up to us what we choose. Everything has a positive and negative perspective but
important is what we choose, the positive thing from it or the negative thing from. It. Because
for a developing country like India social. Networking is very important. Its only up to us what
we take for us. I know there is nothing perfect in this world everything needs improvement and
this sector also needs improvement like there should be more privacy and safety, terms and
conditions so that using it in a wrong way become difficult for people.

Candidate 3:

Hi friends!
I'm also the one of the best users of social networks.

Nowadays, the youth are much busy in their works in this competitive world. So, they don't
have time to read the newspaper and get information through Television and FM.
So, they use social networks like WhatsApp, hike, YouTube, twitter and so many apps to know
what is happening around us.
And also, we don't have time to speak with people daily who are very close to us. In that
situation, they use to contact through the social network.
Everything is fine with the social network but not 100% because the youth doesn’t know what
is right or what is wrong. Some may lead to a problem. So, the CONCLUSION is that influence
of social media is good but at the same time, the youth should much smarter to right views of
others to influence you.

32
 PRESENTATION SKILL

INTRODUCTION:

Presentation is the practice of showing and explaining the content of atopic to an audience or
learner. A presentation program, such as
Microsoft PowerPoint is often used to generate the presentation content.
In recent years it has become increasingly common for employers to request job applicants who
are successfully short listed to deliver one or more presentations at their interview. The purpose
of the presentation in this setting may be to either demonstrate candidates' skills and abilities
in presenting, or to highlight their knowledge of a given subject likely to relate closely to the
job role for which they have applied. It is common for the applicant to be notified of the request
for them to deliver a presentation along with their invitation to attend the interview. Usually,
applicants are only given a title for their presentation and a time limit which the presentation
should not exceed.

DO’S AND DONT’S IN PRESENTATION

1. Hold up your end with compelling material.

In a way, PowerPoint's ease of use may be its own worst enemy. However simple and engaging
it can be to build eye catching slides and graphics, bear in mind that PowerPoint isn't
autonomous. The audience has come to hear you, not merely to stare at images tossed onto a
screen. Build a strong PowerPoint program, but make sure that your spoken remarks are no less
compelling. " PowerPoint doesn't give presentations PowerPoint makes slides, " says Matt
Thornhill, president of Audience First, a Midlothian, Va., business that offers presentation
training. " Remember that you are creating slides to support a spoken presentation."
2. Keep it simple.
We’ve all likely seen PowerPoint and other presentations where the speaker seemed ready
to propose to the program. After all, it was clear that he fell in love with every wrinkle, special
effect and other bit of gadgetry available. But the most effective PowerPoint presentations are
simple - charts that are easy to understand, and graphics that reflect what the speaker is saying.
Some authorities suggest no more than five words per line and no more than five lines per
individual slide. "Don't gum up the works with too many words and graphics," Kerr says. "Do
you really need to have everything up on the screen?"
3. Minimize numbers in slides.
PowerPoint's lure is the capacity to convey ideas and support a speaker’s remarks in a concise
manner. That's hard to do through a haze of numbers and statistics. For the most part, most
effective PowerPoint displays don't overwhelm viewers with too many figures and numbers.
Instead, leave those for a later, more thorough digestion in handouts distributed at presentation's
end. If you want to emphasize a statistic in PowerPoint, consider using a graphic or image to
convey the point. "For instance, when I once was talking about the
prevalence of Alzheimer's patients, I used a photograph of an old woman rather than just

33
throwing up a number on the screen," Kerr says.
4. Don't parrot PowerPoint.
One of the most prevalent and damaging habits of PowerPoint users is to simply read the visual
presentation to the audience. Not only is that redundant — short of using the clicker, why are
you even there? — but it makes even the most visually appealing presentation boring to the
bone. PowerPoint works best with spoken remarks that augment and discuss, rather
than mimic, what's on the screen. "Even with PowerPoint, you've got to make eye contact with
your audience," says Roberta Prescott of The Prescott Group, a Connecticut-based
communications consulting firm. “Those people didn't come to see the back of your head."
5. Time your remarks.
Another potential land mine is a speaker's comments that coincide precisely with the
appearance of a fresh PowerPoint slide. That merely splits your audience's attention. A well-
orchestrated PowerPoint program brings up a new slide, gives the audience a chance to read
and digest it, then follows up with remarks that broaden and amplify what's on the screen. "It's
an issue of timing," Kerr says. "Never talk on top of your slides."
6. Give it a rest.
Again, PowerPoint is most effective as a visual accompaniment to the spoken word.
Experienced PowerPoint users aren't bashful about letting the screen go blank on occasion. Not
only can that give your audience a visual break, it's also effective to focus attention on more
verbally-focused give and take, such as a group discussion or question
and answer session.
7. Use vibrant colors.
A striking contrast between words, graphics and the background can be very effective in
conveying both a message and emotion.
8. Import other images and graphics.
Don't limit your presentation to what PowerPoint offers. Use outside images and graphics for
variety and visual appeal, including video. "I often have one or two very short video clips in
my presentations," says New York technology consultant Ramon Ray. "It helps with humor,
conveys a message and loosens up the crowd."
9. Distribute handouts at the end -not during the presentation.
Some people may disagree with me here. But no speaker wants to be chatting to a crowd that's
busy reading a summation of her remarks. Unless it is imperative that people follow a handout
while you're presenting, wait until you're done to distribute them.

10. Edit ruthlessly before presenting.

Never lose the perspective of the audience. Once you're finished drafting your PowerPoint
slides, assume you're just one of the folks listening to your remarks as you review them. If
something is unappealing, distracting or confusing, edit ruthlessly. Chances are good your
overall presentation will be the better for it.

34
 PRESENTATION 1

My favorite Book

Introduction:
Today I am here to do a short presentation on my favorite book “God of Small things” written
by Arundhati Roy. First, I’ll talk about the author of the book, her background and so on.
Next, I’ll provide a brief synopsis of the story. Finally, I’ll bring out the finer points in the book,
which has made it a world-class novel and worthy of the Booker prize.

The author and the book

Firstly, talking about the author, Arundhati Roy hails from Kerala and is the daughter of
Mary Roy, who is well known as the educator who was responsible for a landmark judgement
in a case for daughter’s rights to ancestral property.
“God of Small things” is the first and only novel written by Arundhati Roy. Secondly, coming
to the story- the story of “God of Small things” revolves around a pair of twins, Rahel and
Estha, the children of the divorced Ammu and their experiences in their native state which is at
that point of time strife-ridden — communist fervor holding sway over the working class which
turns antagonistic towards the aristocratic class to which the twins and their mother belong.
The twins and their mother find themselves embroiled in all kinds of difficult situations where
they manage to ld. on together until Ammu is discovered lifeless in a hotel room. The struggle
has ended for the poor woman and the twins rediscover their closeness for each other.
Thirdly, the book has won hands down in the competition for the Booker, beating even the
native writers and the reason could probably lie in the fact that the story probes relationships
and politics in a relatively unknown, sleepy, small town of Kottayam.
The manner in which the writer uses English language with her quaint usages and phrases
reveals her innovative skills and ability to bring out the Indian ambience in a powerful manner.

Conclusion

It is one of the finest novels written by an Indian. It is a must-read book as it combines all
elements of plot, characterization and wonderful use of language into a complete and
wholesome piece of literature.

35
 SLOGANS

A slogan is a short and memorable phrase used in advertising, politics, or other contexts to
convey a message or promote a brand, product, idea, or cause. It is typically designed to be
catchy, easy to remember, and to leave a lasting impression on the audience. Slogans are often
used to evoke emotions, create brand recognition, or communicate key features or values.
Here are some examples to illustrate the concept:

• Nike: "Just Do It"

This slogan encourages action and a can-do attitude, aligning with the brand's athletic and
motivational image.

• Apple: "Think Different"

Apple's slogan emphasizes innovation and individuality, positioning the brand as a leader in
cutting-edge technology.

• McDonald's: "I'm Lovin' It"

This slogan is not just about enjoying the food but also about the overall positive experience
at McDonald's, creating a sense of happiness and satisfaction.

• Coca-Cola: "Open Happiness"

Coca-Cola's slogan suggests that opening a can of Coke can bring joy and happiness,
associating positive emotions with the brand.

• Greenpeace: "Save the Arctic"

This slogan is straightforward and conveys the environmental organization's mission to
protect the Arctic region, invoking a sense of urgency and responsibility.

• De Beers: "A Diamond is Forever"

This slogan has been highly successful in associating diamonds with eternal love and
commitment, contributing to the enduring appeal of diamond engagement rings.

• Adidas: "Impossible is Nothing"

Adidas uses this slogan to inspire and motivate, suggesting that with their products,
individuals can overcome challenges and achieve their goals.

• Subway: "Eat Fresh"

Subway's slogan emphasizes the freshness of its ingredients, positioning the brand as a
healthier alternative to traditional fast food.

36
 READING COMPREHENSION

Mankind’s fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself. The ancient Egyptians esteemed
gold, which had religious significance to them, and King Tutankhamun was buried in a solid-
gold coffin 3500 years ago. The wandering Israelites worshipped a golden calf, and the
legendary King Midas asked that everything he touched be turned into gold.

Not only is gold beautiful, but it is virtually indestructible. It will not rust or corrode; gold coins
and products fabricated from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries. Gold is
extremely easy to work with; one ounce, which is about the size of a cube of sugar, can be
beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size, and becomes so thin that light passes through
it. An ounce of gold can also be stretched into a wire 50 miles long. Gold conducts electricity
better than any other substance except copper and silver, and it is particularly important in the
modern electronic industry.
People have always longed to possess gold. Unfortunately, this longing has also brought out
the worst in the human character. The Spanish conquistadores robbed palaces, temples, and
graves, and killed thousands of Indians in their ruthless search for gold. Often the only rule in
young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope. Even
today, the economic running of South Africa’s gold mines depends largely on the employment
of black laborers who are paid about
₤40 a month, plus room and board, and who must work in conditions that can only be described
as cruel. About 400 miners are killed in mine accidents in South Africa each year, or one for
every two tons of gold produced. Much of gold’s value lies in its scarcity. Only about 80,000
tons have been mined in the history of the world. All of it could be stored in a vault 60 feet
square, or a super tanker.
Great Britain was the first country to adopt the gold standard, when the Master of the Mint, Sir
Isaac Newton, established a fixed price for gold in 1717. But until the big discoveries of gold
in the last half of the

nineteenth century-starting in California in 1848 and later in Australia and South Africa – there
simply wasn’t enough gold around for all the trading nations to link their currencies to the
precious metal. An out-of-work prospector named George Harrison launched South Africa into
the gold age in 1886 when he discovered the metal on a farm near what is now Johannesburg.
Harrison was given a ₤12 reward by the farmer. He then disappeared and reportedly was eaten
by a lion.

One of the big golds – mining areas in the Soviet Union is the Kolyma River region, once
infamous for its prison camp. The camp has gone, but Ina way nothing has changed. Many ex-
prisoners have stayed on to work in the mines and are supervised by ex-guards. Despite the
current rush to buy gold, 75 percent of the metal goes into jeweler. Italy is the biggest user of
gold for this purpose, and many Italian jewelers even tear up their wooden floors and burn them
to recover the tiny flecks of gold.
Historically, the desire to hoard gold at home has been primarily an occupation of the working

37
and peasant classes, who have no faith in paper money. George Bernard Shaw defended their
instincts eloquently: ‘You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and
the natural stability of the honesty and intelligence of the members of the Government’, he said,
‘and with due respect to these gentlemen, I advise you…. for gold’.

1. Write the response which best reflects the meaning of the text:
– One of the disadvantages of the gold is that(a)It loses its shape too easily
– It is easy to destroy
– It is expensive to mine
– It is of no use in industry

2. Gold has always been considered a precious metal because

– Money is made of it
– It is rare
– A small quantity goes a long way
– It is of no use in industry

3. During the days of the gold – rush in California

– People had to mark out their gold claims with rope
– People carried rope instead of guns
– Hanging was a common form of punishment
– Rope was the symbol of law and order

4. After the big gold discoveries in the late nineteenth century

– Most nations adopted the gold standard
– The trading nations were unable to get enough gold
– Gold coins were used by most nations
– Gold ceased to be an important metal

5.The gold standard is

– -The average price of gold on the world market
– -A basis for determining the value of currency
– -The amount of gold required by a nation before its currency can be convertible
– -A means of determining the quality of gold

6. George Bernard Shaw thought that

– The members of the government were honest and intelligent
– The value of gold was likely to change unexpectedly
– One could place more faith in gold than in politicians
– Gold was more valuable than paper money
– State whether the following statements are True or False:
– Gold was of no use to the Egyptians.

38
 – It is extremely difficult to destroy gold.
– Gold is a poor conductor of electricity(d)Gold mining is dangerous

Used in the text:

1. Esteemed
– Valued
– Worshipped
– Produced
– Needed

2. Corrode
– Be eaten away
– Melt
– Change color
– Lose shape

3. Ruthless
– Hopeless
– Needless
– Heartless
– Useless

4. Stability
– Constancy
– Value
– Function
– Scarcity

JUMBLED SENTENCES

1. The diesel engine, an increasingly popular engine in automobiles has its own
disadvantages.
2. For one, the higher compression that makes the diesel more efficient necessitates the
use of heavier engine components
3. Therefore, diesel engines remain heavier than petrol engines
4. Another disadvantage is that diesel engines are difficult to start in cold weather
5. But plugs are available to preheat the engines to provide easier starting
6. Thirdly, diesel engines have been noted for their loud noise and vibration
7. Finally, these engines are known for the emission of heavy smoke.
8. Therefore, diesel engines remain heavier than petrol engines

39
JUMBLED SENTENCE 1

1. Rayon is a man-made fiber

2. This fiber is, in fact, a reconstituted natural fiber
3. It is made by dissolving cellulose in al solution of sodium hydroxide
4. The cellulose is obtained from shredded wood pulp
5. The dissolve cellulose is formed into threads by a technical process
6. The threads are drawn from the setting bath of dilute Sulphury acid, then they are wound
on reel and washed
7. After that, they are dried on a heated roller
8. Finally, they are wound on to a bobbin

JUMBLED SENTENCE 2

1. The discussion provides a meaningful context to use English to communicate orally

2. The discussion can be in pairs or in groups
3. Mix the quick ones with the slow ones
4. If the latter are reluctant, start with the former
5. Then gradually move to the latter, drawing them out of their shells
6. The quick learners, spread over the class, can guide this discussion
7. Call for reports after a few minutes of discussion
8. Please encourage discussion among your learners especially the weak ones

JUMBLED SENTENCE 3

1. There are around 5000 languages and dialects throughout the world.
2. It is difficult to communicate with people of other regions and continents
3. Hundreds of attempts have been made to develop an official language for
communication
4. In the beginning, we created the symbols and pictures on cave walls to express our ideas
5. When man wanted to express philosophical concepts, definitions and abstractions, he
6. found the symbols inadequate
7. One solution is to establish an international language
8. English, to some extent, has served the purpose for international communication.
9. Then languages began to proliferate

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CORRECTION OF ERRORS

1. She aimed on the target She aimed at the target

2. The teacher was angry against him the teacher was angry with him
3. I congratulate you for your success I congratulate you on your success
4. I divided the cake in four parts
5. You must guard from bad habits You must guard against bad habits
6. I object to be treated like this.
7. Does the gardener water the flowers? Does the gardener water the flowers?
8. I did not go to school. I did not go to school.
9. Rachel asked me what I am doing. Rachel asked me what I was doing.
10. I am understanding the lesson now. I understand the lesson now.
11. Michel and myself are here. Michel and I are here.
12. Cairo is the largest city in Africa Cairo is the largest city in Africa.
13. Frank, accompanied by his student, were at the studio.
14. Frank, accompanied by his student, was at the studio
15. There are many reasons why I can’t help you. There are many reasons why I can’t help
you.
16. Raj is a real good swimmer.
17. Raj is a really good swimmer.
18. The new student speaks bold. The new student speaks boldly.
19. After the three-week vacation, she looked very well. After the three-week vacation, she
looked very good.
20. If anyone seems suspicious over, take their details. If anyone seems suspicious, take his
details.
21. Everyone on the project have to attend the meeting. Everyone on the project has to
attend the meeting.
22. A pair of gloves are lying on the floor. A pair of gloves is lying on the floor.
23. They used to play cricket during their childhood. They used to play cricket during their
childhood.
24. Among the two sisters, Geeta is a better dancer. Between the two sisters, Geeta is a
better dancer.
25. The officer has given orders to his soldiers yesterday. The officer has given orders to
his soldiers.
26. The girl sat down besides the lake. The girl sat down beside the lake.
27. The two brothers are quarrelling with one another. The two brothers are quarrelling with
each other.

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 DEBATE

A debate is an organized argument or contest of ideas in which the participants discuss a topic
from two opposing sides. Those who agree with this statement or idea are the "Pro" side. Those
who will not agree with this statement or idea are the "Con" side. Each side will show in an
organized and clever way why they believe to have the right answers. They will use examples
and evidence to support their ideas while working towards a conclusion.

The aim of a debate is to convince the opposition that you are right. When the two sides agree
on the subject or when one side's arguments are more convincing than the other side that is
when the debate comes to a close. In a formal debate, a mediator (a person that has not agreed
with the Pro or the Con) will decide who the winner should be. In an informal debate the
argument can continue until the time when one side gives up:

Debate Topic
"School uniforms are an important part of a student's education"

Pros: Example arguments

1. School uniforms make all students look alike. Poor and rich students look alike. This
makes it easier for all to get along together and concentrate on their studies.
2. Uniforms give students a sense of belonging to a certain school.
3. Uniforms are easy and cheap to clean.

Cons: Example arguments

1. School uniforms don't allow students to be individuals. They restrict students from
expressing themselves. They are also hot in the summer and they don't protect against
the cold in the winter; therefore, it is not easy to get along together or concentrate on
studying.
2. Students don't need uniforms to feel like they belong.
3. Uniforms are expensive to buy and they wear out fast.

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