English 10

ENGLISH 10
DENOTATION- The exact, literal meaning of words Singular Plural

st
from dictionaries. 1 person Myself Ourselves
2nd person Yourself Yourselves
CONNOTATION- The unspoken, hidden meaning that
3rd person Himself Themselves
gives a word more emotional impact. Herself
EXAMPLE Itself
`Denotation Connotation
warm somewhat Warm Reflexive (comes after the verb)
hot: not cool comforting, A reflexive pronoun changes the meaning of the
or cold friendly sentence.
Without the pronoun, the sentence does not
The family sat together in front of a warm fire.
make sense, or the meaning changes.
CONNOTATION
Example
• A connotation gives the reader or listener a
distinct impression or feeling, calling on Michael taught himself to play the piano.
emotion rather than fact.
• Through their connotations, words set a tone
and can reveal hidden opinions, attitudes, or Other examples:
judgments. • Death helped himself with some tea prepared
by the mother.
• The mother traveled all by herself to search
• Positive- She has a slim body. for her child.
• Neutral- She has a thin body. • Children often see themselves.
• Negative- She has a skinny body.
Intensive (comes after the noun)

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns Intensive pronouns add to or intensify its antecedent.
Intensive pronouns will not change the meaning of
the sentence if they are taken out.
What is a Pronoun?
Example
• A pronoun substitutes a noun in a sentence.
• he, his, him; she, her, hers; they, them, their, it, Michael Jackson himself taught the child to play the
its, our, ours… piano.
Other examples: What do you need when you write a persuasive text?
• Death himself walked through the door to 1. Present logical and factual evidences that
fetch the child. support your stand.
• The mother herself walked through snow and 2. Present arguments from the opposing idea
crossed the river of death to search for her 3. End your persuasive text with a strong
child. conclusion, inviting the reader to choose their
stand on the issue.
Examples
• The student answered his exams
himself.(reflexive) Public Speaking
• I myself do not forgive you. (intensive)
• Basically, it’s a presentation that’s given live
• Francis himself can’t understand the Math
before an audience.
exams. (intensive)
• The goal of the speech may be to educate,
entertain, or influence the listeners.
Features of Persuasive Text • also called oratory or oration
• Public speaking is commonly understood as
formal, face-to-face, speaking of a single
What is a Persuasive Text? person to a group of listeners.
A persuasive text is a kind of essay where the writer
identifies a stand on a certain issue. Speaking Situations
A persuasive text is any text where the main
• Personal
purpose is to present a point of view and seeks to
• Professional
persuade a reader. A persuasive text can be an
argument, exposition, discussion, review, or even an
advertisement. PERSONAL PUBLIC SPEAKING
A family member addresses his or her family on
What do you need when you write a persuasive text? family events or celebrations (dinner, birthday,
family reunions, weddings, etc.)
• When writing a persuasive text, you must
ensure that PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SPEAKING
• you accurately describe the issue discussed so An employee presents a report to his or her
that readers who aren’t familiar with it may superiors
be able to understand the context of where
are you coming from. PUBLIC SPEAKING
• Be decisive in your stand • Voice
• Convince the readers to agree with you • Presentation
• Stage presence
• Eye contact BODY LANGUAGE
• Body language • Other gestures
• Physical appearance • Walking and talking
• Words • Smile!
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
• Jewelry
• Colors
• Clothes
• Shoes
• Hair/scarf
• Makeup
EXERCISE: GOOD AND BAD SPEAKING HABITS
PREPARING YOUR REMARKS:
VOICE BEFORE YOU START
Lower, Louder, Slower Best Practices:
VOICE ✓ Know your audience
✓ Know the occasion
• Use voice as a tool ✓ Know the room
• Use vocal variety
WRITING REMARKS
• Keep voice steady
• Write like you speak
STAGE PRESENCE
• Outline form
• Imagine what people see • Avoid technical terms
• Be confident • Avoid words that are hard to say
• Keep energy high
Structure:
EYE CONTACT
OPENING
• Maintain eye contact
✓ Tell them what you will tell them
• 5 seconds per person ✓ Address purpose/main objective(s)
• -or- stare at their forehead ✓ Relate to the audience
• or just above ✓ Establish credibility
BODY LANGUAGE ✓ Grab attention
• Posture/stance BODY
• Hand gestures ✓ Then, tell them
✓ Main points
✓ Organization/transitions
✓ Visual aids
✓ Anticipate questions
CLOSING
✓ Summarize what you told them
✓ Summarize
✓ Tie back to your opening
✓ Call to action
BEFORE SPEAKING
• Rehearse
• Anticipate questions
• Bring remarks
• Eat/drink with caution
• Have water handy
• Relax!
CONTROLLING YOUR NERVES
• Use nervous energy to your advantage
• Anticipate negative side effects to lessen their
impact
Factors in Effective PUBLIC SPEAKING
• Know your topic
• Know your audience
• Be confident and humorous
• Speak clearly

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ENGLISH 10

DENOTATION- The exact, literal meaning of words Singular Plural

Intensive (comes after the noun)

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