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    Ottoman Empire

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    mateenmrabet
    A brief introduction to the history of the Ottoman Empire, its rise and fall, most important events, and relations with other countries.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ottoman Empire

    Uploaded by

    mateenmrabet
    41 views11 pages
    A brief introduction to the history of the Ottoman Empire, its rise and fall, most important events, and relations with other countries.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    A brief introduction to the history of the Ottoman Empire, its rise and fall, most important events, and relations with other countries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views11 pages

    Ottoman Empire

    Uploaded by

    mateenmrabet
    A brief introduction to the history of the Ottoman Empire, its rise and fall, most important events, and relations with other countries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 11

    Ottoman

    Empire
    Origin of the Ottoman Empire
    Turks had moved to Anatolia an established
    a power there, like the Seljuk Empire. During
    the 13th century, there were many
    independent turkish principalities (Anatolian
    Beyliks), one of those was led by Osman I.

    After his death, the expansion of the new


    Ottoman Empire began.
    Rise

    The Ottomans began to rise


    during the 14th century,
    where they were able to
    conquer some of
    southeast-Europe and big
    parts of Anatolia.
    The Conquest of Constantinople

    Constantinople, ruled by the Byzantine Empire,


    had been struggling financially and militarily, the
    rulers depended on the city’s walls to protect
    them. It had been suffering from the earlier
    crusades and the Black death that had killed
    almost half the population.

    The Byzantine Empire had shrunk to the outskirts


    of the city. Emperor Constantine XI was the last
    emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, and the
    final for the Romans.
    The Conquest
    The conquest took 53 days, from April 4 to May
    29. It will take a long time to explain all the events
    that took place during the siege. The Ottomans
    prepared an army of 50,000-80,000 soldiers,
    including 5,000-10,000 Janissaries, and 70
    canons. The canons Sultan Mehmed II ordered to
    construct were able to break the walls of the city,
    exhausting the Byzantine forces. The city was
    defended by around 7,000 soldiers.

    After weeks of siege, Sultan Mehmed II began his


    final assault on the city, where he was able to take
    it. Emperor Constantine XI was killed during the
    battle but his body hasn’t been found.
    There had been many legend and myths surrounding the
    fall of the city. People in the city reportedly seen the holy
    spirit leaving Hagia Sophia before the final attack. A
    partial lunar eclipse was reportedly occurred before the
    final attack. The first Emperor of the city, Saint
    Constantine, prophesied it.

    There was a prophecy known even to the Emperor, that


    the city’s founder, is name was Constantine, son of
    Helena. The city will be lost under the rule of an emperor
    named Constantine, son of Helena. The emperor during
    the siege was name Constantine, and his mother was
    named Helena.

    Even in Islam, there is a prophecy said by the Prophet


    (PBUH) that the Roman capitals (Roma, Constantinople)
    will be conquered.
    Suleiman the Magnificent

    Suleiman the Magnificent, also nicknamed


    Suleiman the Lawgiver, was the longest
    reigning sultan in the Ottoman Empire
    (1520-1566). During his reign, he ruled over
    at least 25 million people. He led attacks
    against the Christian armies capturing
    Belgrade.

    During his rule, the Ottomans were at their


    strongest form, they dominated the
    Mediterranean with their strong fleet.
    Ottoman Empire Expansion

    The Ottomans expanded further


    during the rule of Suleiman the
    Magnificent where they were able
    to take parts of the Safavids and
    large parts of southeast Europe. By
    1590, the Ottoman Empire was
    able to take Caucasus.
    Relations
    The Ottomans and
    European Powers

    The European powers were


    afraid of the expansion of
    the Ottoman Empire.
    During the 1530s, the
    Ottomans were allied with
    the King of France, Francis.
    Other than that, the
    Europeans hated them.
    Ottoman Government

    The Sultan had rule over the


    Empire as he had a central
    government, The House of
    Osman which had the Grand
    Vizier and the Nobles.

    Some places had independent


    governors but were still loyal to
    the sultan.
    Ottoman Society and Treatment of
    Conquered Areas
    It was easier for the Ottomans to conquer North
    Africa, as they were welcomed. For Europe, they
    had to fight.

    The Ottomans treated the conquered places with


    kindness and compassion which helped them
    lower the revolutions and hate towards the
    government.

    Because the Ottomans were an Islamic Caliphate,


    they were following the Shariah which
    strengthened communities.

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