pRepublic of the Philippines

Department of Education- Region X

Division of Valencia City
CENTRAL BUKIDNON INSTITUTE, INC.
S.Y. 2022-2023

SCIENCE –Grade 7
Learning Module- 1
1st Quarter

_________________________
Learner’s Name

_________________________
Parent’s Name & Signature

Teacher:
Ms. Kizzi Kye Edelweiss M. Balmores, LPT
Cellphone Number: 09055888238
Email: [email protected]
Facebook: Kizzi Kye Edelweiss Balmores
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 Week 1: Doing Scientific Investigation
(Days 1-4)
Memory Text: “Great are the works of the LORD; they are studied by all who delight in them.” - Psalm
111:2

Enabling Outcomes: (MELC)

Based on the curriculum guide (CG), the student should be able to:
a. Describe the components of a scientific investigation.

Concepts (Generalization)
What is science?
The word science comes from a Latin word scientia, which means knowledge. Science is a way of
understanding the natural world through observation and logical reasoning. It is a body of information that can
grow and change as new ideas are explored. This on-going process of discovery is known as scientific inquiry.
Scientific inquiry consists of an organized method of finding solutions to problems.
Science deals with gaining knowledge of the universe and all of its components, such as humans, society
environment, and even the outer space. It is an interesting field wherein you seek answers based on our
observations, experiences, and your past knowledge on the certain phenomena. Science, however, cannot
answer questions regarding supernatural forces that exist outside the laws of nature that include superstitions.

Science as a Process
When you see interesting things, you wonder what they are, why they happen, and how they work.
Probably, you have this kind of questions in mind. What are stars made of? How do rainbows form? Why I look
like my father and not of my mother? Through science, you can find answers to these questions. Science
enables you to understand things and events through the different science processes such as observing,
inferring, predicting, classifying, measuring, and communicating.
Science is everywhere – in your home, in school, or in any place you go. Everything that your senses
can perceive involves science. There is science in all activities you do.

Observing is a basic science process in which you use your senses to gather information about the things and
events around you. Through your senses, you can identify color, texture, size, shape, taste, or odour of a
material. There are two types of observation, qualitative observation and quantitative observation.
 Qualitative observation refers to the physical quality of the objects like color, texture, smell, and
taste. To aid in making detailed observations, you may use instruments like magnifying glasses,
microscope, or telescopes.
Example: The flower is yellow in color.
 Quantitative observation use measuring tools such as rulers, weighing scales and thermometer.
Example: One leaf is 4 cm long.

Inferring is a logical interpretation of your observation based on experience or prior

knowledge. The only way to check which of your inferences is correct is to further
investigate.
Example: You drank the glass of pineapple juice after coming home from school
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and you observed it was cold. You could infer that it was prepared and placed
in the refrigerator earlier that day or it had just been made using cold water and
ice.
Predicting is making an “intelligent guess” about the outcome of an experiment or an event. Prediction is based
on observable facts, trends, and patterns. You can either interpolate or extrapolate. When you interpolate, you
base your prediction within the observed data. When you extrapolate, you go beyond the observed data
according to the pattern that the data show.
Example:
After drinking a glass of cold pineapple juice, you left the pitcher of cold juice in the table for a few
minutes. You drank another glass and noticed it was not as cold as the first glass of juice. You predicted that if
you would leave the juice longer on the table, it would start to get warm so you decided to put the juice back in
the refrigerator.

Classifying is looking for common attributes that can help explain how things are related.
Steps in classifying:
1. You need to observe first the objects or events that are to be classified.
2. Select one feature that is common to these objects or events.
3. Place objects that share a similar feature in a subgroup.
4. Look for another feature that may be common to the unclassified objects or events and place them in
another subgroup.

When you open your refrigerator, you notice how the

different food products are arranged. There is a place for meat
and frozen foods, for bottled products, for beverages, for dairy
products, and for fruits and vegetables.

Measuring it is determining the size of an object or the amount of a material with the use of measuring
instruments.
Measuring gives a quantitative observation. Measurement can be accurate or precise.
 Accuracy describes how well the result agrees with the accepted value of the quantity being
measured. It depends on the measuring instrument used.
 Precision refers to the exactness to which a measurement can be replicated. A measurement is
precise when the experiment still holds the same amount after several replications.

In the figure, the shots on (A) are both accurate and precise. The shots on (B) are inaccurate and since
the shots are close to one another, they are precise. The shots on (C) are far from each other (low precision) but
they are close to the bull’s eye which is high accuracy. The shots on (D) are both inaccurate and imprecise.
Precision and accuracy in measurement depend on the measuring device and the skill of the person using
the device.

Communicating is a sharing the results of your experiment or research to others. The results and findings of a
scientific investigation become more useful when shared to the scientific community. Important information
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often leads to new experiments and discoveries.

Scientific Method
The scientific method is a way of solving problems. You are probably unaware that you use the
scientific method almost every day. When you encounter problems, you ask questions and think about possible
solutions. For example, you cell phone fails to function. You initial reaction is to check the signal in the area. If
the signal is fine, you check on the battery if it is properly connected. You keep checking and testing different
factors until you determine what is wrong with your cell phone.
Though some scientists make discoveries, they discover hidden truths which are then later on made
useful through technology. One way by which scientists gather evidences is by carrying out experiments. An
experiment tests an idea in a careful and an orderly manner – the scientific method.

Steps in the Scientific Method

1. Identifying the Problem

A problem may be a question resulting from observations or experiences. The question may be answered
by gathering pieces of evidence.
Example:
You grow potted carnations in your garden that is shaded by an acacia tree. You are bothered why they
produce only few flowers though you apply the best kind of fertilizer. Since they are shaded, you wonder if they
are receiving the right amount of sunlight. So you have a problem: Do carnations need enough sunlight to
produce many flowers?

2. Formulating Hypothesis
Hypothesis is a possible explanation for your observation or temporary answer to the problem. An idea
based on prior knowledge, researchers, or previous observations. It is a prediction that can be tested and may
lead to acceptable answer to the problem. Hypothesis can be stated in the form of an If-then statement.
Example:
If I place my carnations in an area where there is enough sunlight, then it will produce more flowers.

3. Testing the Hypothesis

In order to verify hypothesis, you must conduct a series of tests called experiments. You must plan an
experiment to find the answer to the problem. Variables are factors that affect the result of the experiment.
Kinds of variables:
 Independent (manipulated) variable- variable that is changed in the experiment to see its effect.
 Dependant (responding) variable- variable being affected by the independent variable.
 Controlled variable- variable that stay the same all throughout the experiment.

Example:
In the problem “Do carnations need enough sunlight to produce many flowers?” the independent
variable is the amount of sunlight the carnations will receive. Suppose you choose from your garden ten (10)
carnation plants that are almost the same size and condition. You can place five (5) carnation plants in an area
where sunlight falls mostly during the day and let the other five remain in the same area where they are.

The dependent variable is the quantity of the flowers the carnations will produce after a set period of
time. The controlled variables are the factors that should be equally applied to all plants like the type and
richness of the soil, the kind and amount of fertilizer, and the amount of water given to the plants.

In the experiment, the carnations exposed to enough sunlight represent the experiment setup on which
change is applied. The five others plants that are left in the same area where they are less expose to sunlight
represent the control setup used as a standard for comparison.
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 An experiment must be a fair test. To ensure a fair test, manipulate one variable at a time while the other
factors are kept the same throughout the experiment.

4. Gathering and Presenting Data

Tables and graphs are excellent tools for organizing data. Data can also be written descriptions of
everything that takes place in the experiment.

Examples:

(a) Bar graph (b) Line graph (c) Pie graph

In the experiment on carnations, you can graph time versus the number of flowers for
each setup.

5. Analyzing Data

Data analysis is the part where you put everything together, make inferences and
predictions. To do this, you need to review all recorded data and observations. You
need to look at the graphs or other tools you used to represent your gathered data.

6. Drawing Conclusions
To state your conclusions, find out how the results of your experiment support your hypothesis. Go back
to the question or problem and check if your hypothesis is correct or not.
7. Identifying Limitations and Making Recommendations for Further Study
Your experiment may not give the answer to your problem but it could be the source of ideas in
designing other experiments. Scientist may spend years in working with their experiments and fail to arrive at
reliable conclusions but their data may be valuable for future investigations.

Be Active (Exercises/Activities)
Identify the following. Write QUALI if it refers to a qualitative observation and QUANTI if it is quantitative
observation.

1. Tristan brought three kl of mango. ________________________

2. Earl is 150 cm tall. ________________________
3. The ice cream is cold. ________________________
4. The candy was sour. ________________________
5. The flower has four petals. ________________________

Classify the following statements as an observation, inference, prediction, measuring, or classifying. Write
your answer on the blank.
1. The green mango tastes sour. ____________________
2. The candle flame was extinguished because of lack of oxygen. ____________________
3. The leaves in the garden are all green. ____________________
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4. The coconut tree can grow as high as a three-storey building. ____________________

 Ignite (Evaluation)
A. Write QUALITATIVE on the blank if the statement refers to a qualitative observation or QUANTITATIVE
if it refers to quantitative observation.

1. Vinegar tastes sour. ____________________

2. The metal is rough and shiny. ____________________
3. The flower is filled with red and yellow petals. ____________________
4. The male population and the female population in the class are not equal. ____________
5. Economic growth based on foreign exchange currency is booming. _________________

B. Classify the following statements as an observation, inference, prediction, measuring, or classifying.

Write your answer on the blank.

1. The clouds are dark, it is going to rain. ____________________

2. It rained during the night that is why the roads are wet. ____________________
3. The sunlight is very bright; it will be a very hot day. ____________________
4. There are trees, shrubs, and herbs in the garden. ____________________
5. There are hundred varieties of orchids in the orchard. ____________________
6. There are potted plants of roses, carnations, and lilies in the garden. _______________

C. Organizing a Process. Enumerate the steps of scientific method in proper order. Write your answer in the
box.

IFL (Integration of Faith & Learning)

Ministry of Healing p. 143

Christ method alone will give true success in reaching the people. First, the Saviour mingled with men as one
who desired their good. Second, He showed His sympathy for them, ministered to their needs, and won their
confidence. Lastly, He bade theme, “Follow Me.”

Answers
1. QUANTI 4. QUALI 1. Observation 4. Prediction
2. QUANTI 5. QUANTI 2. Inference
3. QUALI 3. Observation
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