Fares Al‐Sarawi, Thomas M Polasek, Gillian E Caughey, Sepehr Shakib.(2019).

Prescribing errors and

adverse drug reaction documentation before and after implementation of e‐prescribing using the
Enterprise Patient Administration System. From
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jppr.1454

This study determined the effects of electronic prescribing using the Enterprise Patient Administration
System (EPAS) on prescribing errors and adverse drug reaction (ADR) documentation in South Australian
public hospitals. A prospective structured medication chart audit was conducted before (in 2012) and
after the implementation (in Dec 2014) of EPAS, comparing the paper-based National Inpatient
Medication Chart (NIMC) with prescribing. All inpatients were eligible for inclusion in the study.
Prescribing order errors were determined by the percentage of medication orders that had unclear,
illegal or unsafe prescriptions. The quality of ADR documentation was assessed by the percentage of
patients with correct documentation.

Mallika Srivastava, Madhur Raina.(2020) Consumers’ usage and adoption of e-pharmacy in India.

From https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJPHM-01-2020-0006/full/html

This paper aims to identify and empirically validate the various factors for adoption, usage and intention
to recommend e-pharmacy for purchasing medications by consumers. The results show that
performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and hedonic motivation have a positive co-
relation with adoption of e-pharmacy and the intention to recommend. The results depict that gender
and educational background have no correlation toward adoption and intention to recommend e-
pharmacies for purchasing medicines in India.

VA Perumal-Pillay, F Walters.(2021) Synchronous online pharmacy skills group work: A breakout room
toolbox for teaching. From https://journals.co.za/doi/full/10.7196/AJHPE.2021.v13i3.1525

This article shares our experience of attempting to facilitate group-work sessions on an online platform.
A combination of teaching and learning approaches was used to cater for the students’ learning styles.
These included the inverted classroom,[4] case-based learning,[5] peer learning, LMSs and web-
conferencing breakout rooms.[6] A contructivism[7] theory was used, as the students were in their final
year and were able to draw on their knowledge from previous years. A new way of thinking for
conducting group work for clinical skills practical and tutorial sessions, traditionally requiring face-to-
face interaction, is presented. The innovation merges various pedagogies for teaching and learning with
web-conferencing software to adapt group work for an online interface and can be employed in health
professions teaching.
Mary‐Haston Vest, Cody L Clifton, Kelly A Cochran, Hannah M Fish, Ryan B Jacobsen, Randal P
McDonough, Matthew C Osterhaus, Catherine M Rudder.(2020) Building a transformative partnership
between health‐system and community‐based pharmacies. From
https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jac5.1275

Initial learnings from these partnerships have provided a proof of concept that an intentional approach
to the relationship between a health-system/clinic-based pharmacist and community-based pharmacist
can lead to improvements in patient care as well as a professional collaboration. We experienced
improved communication and closed-loop care, improved professional relationships across care settings,
and enhanced clinical services. However, these partnerships were not without challenges. For instance,
lack of interoperability and limited electronic health record access made certain outcomes difficult to
track. The purposeful establishment of partnerships between health-system/clinic-based pharmacists
and community-based pharmacists, built upon the needs of both entities, allowed institutions to
develop an aligned commitment to care for shared patients. Over the initial years of these partnerships,
many successes were realized and lessons were learned. Both the successes and the challenges can
serve as beneficial resources for institutions interested in developing similar partnerships.

William Darko, Jenna L Fancher, Elizabeth A Feldman, Anne E Krasniak, Christopher D Miller, Luke A
Probst.(2019) Evaluating the design and conduct of teaching, education, and dissemination of
knowledge learning experiences: A survey of American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP)-
accredited postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency programs (TEDKLE—PGY1 survey). From
https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jac5.1117

A postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency is designed to build upon the Doctor of Pharmacy
education. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) accreditation standards, along
with the competency areas, goals, and objectives (CAGOs), list four required competency areas for the
design of pharmacy residency programs. The fourth required competency area goals and objectives
(CAGO R4) focuses on the development of residents' skills related to teaching, education, and
dissemination of knowledge. A characterization of current programs' approaches to satisfying this CAGO
might stimulate improvements and spread innovation.
Hans‐Georg Eichler, Brigitte Bloechl‐Daum, Karl Broich, Paul Alexander Kyrle, Jillian Oderkirk, Guido Rasi,
Rui Santos Ivo, Ad Schuurman, Thomas Senderovitz, Luke Slawomirski, Martin Wenzl, Valerie Paris.
(2019). Data rich, information poor: can we use electronic health records to create a learning healthcare
system for pharmaceuticals? From https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cpt.1226

Judicious use of real‐world data (RWD) is expected to make all steps in the development and use of
pharmaceuticals more effective and efficient, including research and development, regulatory decision
making, health technology assessment, pricing, and reimbursement decisions and treatment. A
“learning healthcare system” based on electronic health records and other routinely collected data will
be required to harness the full potential of RWD to complement evidence based on randomized
controlled trials. We describe and illustrate with examples the growing demand for a learning healthcare
system; we contrast the exigencies of an efficient pharmaceutical ecosystem in the future with current
deficiencies highlighted in recently published Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development
(OECD) reports; and we reflect on the steps necessary to enable the transition from healthcare data to
actionable information. A coordinated effort from all stakeholders and international cooperation will be
required to increase the speed of implementation of the learning healthcare system, to everybody's
benefit.

Jim Siderov.(2019) Utility of PhaSeal, a closed‐system drug transfer device, in facilitating vial sharing to
reduce waste and assist in medication cost savings. From
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jppr.1533

The cost of cancer care is rising. With the soaring costs of cancer treatment, strategies to minimise
medication wastage have become more important. This study evaluated cost savings associated with a
centralised pharmacy aseptic service using the closed-system drug transfer device PhaSeal (Becton,
Dickinson and Company, North Ryde, NSW, Australia) for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies
(mAbs) in a large teaching hospital. Centralising aseptic preparation of mAbs together with the
utilisation of PhaSeal to allow vial sharing in a large teaching hospital resulted in savings of A$526 059
per year by significantly minimising medication wastage.

Kimberly C Claeys, Teri L Hopkins, Jessica Brown, Emily L Heil.(2019) Pharmacists' perceptions of
implementing a pharmacist‐managed area under the concentration time curve‐guided vancomycin
dosing program at a large academic medical center. From https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
start=500&q=online+medicine+pharmacy+system+&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&t=1679038583591&
u=%23p%3DsPXpla0a2SQJ

A pharmacist‐managed area‐under the concentration time curve/minimum inhibitory concentration

(AUC/MIC)‐based vancomycin dosing and monitoring strategy was implemented at the University of
Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) in January 2017. Because this was a large change in practice and
methodology, we sought to understand pharmacists' perceptions of the practice before and after
implementation. A mixed methods preimplementation survey was sent to all pharmacists, including
residents, completing vancomycin dosing training at UMMC 1 month prior to transition to an AUC‐
guided pharmacist‐to‐dose practice. The postimplementation survey was subsequently sent 8 months
after program rollout to the same study participants. Pharmacists were in support of pharmacist‐to‐dose
AUC vancomycin dosing practices, but there were concerns regarding competency. Training sessions
with practice problems and integrated clinical decision support improved the rollout process.

Andi Hermansyah, Luh Wulandari, Susi A Kristina, Sherly Meilianti.(2020) Primary health care policy and
vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Indonesia. From https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?
pid=S1885-642X2020000300018&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en

The practice of community pharmacy in low and middle-income countries, including in Indonesia, is
often described as in the state of infancy with several intractable barriers that have been substantially
and continuously hampering the practice. Such description might be valid in highlighting how pharmacy
is practiced and the conditions within and beyond community pharmacy organizations. Therefore, it is
not surprising that the concept of integrating community pharmacy into the primary care system may
not be considered in the contemporary discourse despite the fact that community pharmacy has been
operating within communities for years. However, in the case of Indonesia, we argue that changes in the
health care system within the past decade particularly with the introduction of the universal health
coverage (UHC) in 2014, may have significantly amplified the role of pharmacists. There is good evidence
which highlights the contribution of pharmacist as a substantial health care element in primary care
practice.

Sheng-Lan Tan, Bi-Kui Zhang, Ping Xu.(2020) Chinese pharmacists’ rapid response to the COVID-19
outbreak. From https://academic.oup.com/ajhp/article/77/14/1096/5836520
The major work of most pharmacists at the peak of the epidemic was distributing and maintaining drug
supplies. If pharmacists had participated in the development of guidelines for treating COVID-19,
detailed information about drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions would have been
addressed. In addition, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) methods were very useful in managing
critically ill patients receiving drugs with narrow therapeutic windows.5 Only a few biosafety level 2
laboratories conducted TDM for patients with COVID-19, as most TDM laboratories in China are
biosafety level 1 facilities. During the epidemic Chinese pharmacists have made great contributions to
the control and prevention of COVID-19. They have played a key role in maintaining a stable supply of
medications and disinfection products, pharmacotherapy management of patients, and disseminating
medical knowledge to the public.