CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), known in the United

Kingdom as Sandwich and Co-operative Education Programme in U.S.A and

Canada respectively, started in the University of Glasgow in 1840 but could not

have a stand in Nigeria until 1973 when the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) was

established by decree no 47 of October 8, 1971. The programme was established

purposely for the provision of high quality technical man power capable of

meeting the demand of the fast-growing industrial sector as it as a viable means of

closing the gap between theory and practice, having watched the program

successfully in countries where it was adopted. The Industrial Training Fund (ITF)

is a body established by decree no 47 of 1971 and amended by decree no 37 of

1973 under the ITF decree. The body was established by the government to foster a

more adequately trained workforce for the nation’s economic growth, the training

processes are funded by the ITF. In Nigeria, the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) has

its history traced back to the Polytechnic education which at the onset globally was

not intended to be part of higher-level institution. Students industrial work

experience scheme (SIWES) is a programme introduced into the Nigerian

educational system to enable students, on the basis of their respective levels, to

have practical experiences of their course of study including its professional

1
correspondence and relevance, by attachments to established professionals. The

Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is an out of classroom

curricula programme. It is a part of the requirements that must be met by

undergraduate students before the bachelor of technology (B.Tech) degree can be

awarded. It spans a period of six months, all through the second semester of the

fourth year in the university. During the period of this attachment, a student is

expected to put into practical and constructive use all the knowledge and

experiences he has gathered in the classroom over the period of the preceding three

years he had spent in school. The SIWES student is also expected to access new

problem-solving techniques while modifying existing ones so as to be able to meet

modern challenges encountered. The training scheme forms a mandatory part of

the approved minimum academic standards for the professions. This scheme is

usually undertaken at firms, industries, companies, establishments and government

parastatals to carry out activities relating to the students’ area of study. On

completion of the training, students are required to prepare a comprehensive

technical report based on activities done by him/her during the period of training.

1.2 Objectives and importance of attachment

The industrial training is a training which forms part of the approved minimum

academic standards for the various degree programmes in Nigerian universities.

2
The programme is aimed at bridging the gap between theory and practice in

learning, and helps students to gain practical experience in their different fields of

study.

The training exposes students to work methods, work safety, and equipment in

their different fields. This experience also helps prepare the student for ready

absorption into the labour market.

The objectives and importance of industrial training attachment is as follows:

1.2.1 Objectives

o To enable students acquire industrial skills and experience in their course of

study so as to comprehend the knowledge already obtained in class.

o To prepare students for the work situation they will be facing after

graduation.

o To strengthen employers involvement in the entire educational process of

preparing university graduates for employment in industry.

o Gives students opportunity to appreciate what they have learnt in class by

allowing them apply theoretical knowledge in real life.

o Helps students better understand different work methods and get insight

about professional practice.

o Enhance student’s understanding of organizational and group processes

3
1.2.2 Importance

o Helping students with gain inter-personal skills, such relationship with co-

workers.

o It provides students the opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in

real life situations.

o It strengthens the relationship between employers, universities and industrial

training fund.

o It also prepares students for labour market after graduation.

4
 CHAPTER TWO

DETAILS OF THE TRAINING WORKS

2.1 Project background and Introduction to site work

During my six months with Emco associates ltd, The projects carried out by the

company were the construction of a three 3-storey warehouse/plaza at pam-pam

lane Onitsha Main market and a residential duplex at Federal housing estate, 3-3

Onitsha, both in Anambra state, Nigeria.

The first project is the construction of three warehouses/plaza, 3-storey each. The

project started in March 2024 and is expected to cost about N170million and last

for about 20months. The ground floor of the buildings will be used as warehouses

while the first, second and third floors will be shops.

The second project was at Federal housing estate, 3-3 Onitsha, Anambra state,

Nigeria and consists of a 1-storey duplex with a pent house, an external car pack,

boy’s quarters, and a swimming pool.

During my training, I worked with the quantity surying department of the company

where I had a registered quantity surveyor (Surv. Nwokoye Humphery MNIQS)

as my supervisor, He also worked as the contractor in both projects. The work of

the quantity surveying department is mainly the preparation of biils of quantities.

5
I was introduced by my supervisor to the construction sites, site-foremen and

workers on site who further exposed me to proper site work. Site work involves the

entire process involved in the construction of a building.

2.2 Organogram of the Company

6
 CHAPTER THREE

Activities carried out

3.1 Office work and experiences

In every profession or any field of study, office work and experience is of high

importance – quantity surveying not left out. Office work is of paramount

importance before advancing to the practical aspect of the field. It should be

known that all branches that projected out of the field – consulting, contracting,

academia and public requires office knowledge and experience to carry out tasks

effectively and to go in line with the three main watchword of the profession –

time, cost and quality. As such, during my internship with Emco associates ltd, I

was exposed to the official aspect of the profession where we carried out our basic

activities before transforming them into the clients’ dream. The official activities

carried out includes taking off, preparation of bills, collation of tender documents,

procurement of materials and the art of office and workplace ethics.

3.1.1 Office and workplace ethics

Office or workplace ethics can be regarded as the set of codes, conducts or values

that clearly spells out the choices of behavior that is expected of employees in a

workplace. It should be known that office work is dependent on each office which

is in return tied around the core values, philosophy and vision of each organization.

At Emco associates ltd, our core visions vision is to be a leading Building & Civil

7
Engineering Construction Company committed to reconstruction and development

in Nigeria, Africa and the rest of the world.

Working under a quantity surveyor who also happens to be the contractor in the

various projects I was maximally exposed to quantity surveying techniques and

building construction process.

I was assigned to supervise works at the construction sites, this involved making

sure that work starts at the right time, there is no wastage of material, labour is

being fully utilized. And I was obliged to give work report to my supervisor who is

also the contractor when he comes to site; this helps him ascertain what happened

in site so as to know how to address any issue.

I was also assigned sometimes to payment of workers at the end of each day;

payments are normally done on site at the end of the day. Payments are done on the

basis of either fixed (day pay) or per unit work completed.

At the later stage of my training I was transferred to the office where i was

involved in the process of preparing of bills of quantities, Exact tasks carried out

included measurement of building works, Squaring of bills of quantities, entering

of rates into unpriced bills and preparing of unpriced BOQ.

The works I measured included fence works, a bungalow and a one storey office

block. In each case I was given the necessary drawings and I was also required to

8
prepare an unpriced bill of quantity for each one. Below are some of the works I

measured and their corresponding units of measurement.

 Trench excavation ..............m3

 Blockwork ..........................m2

 Reinforcement .....................m

 Concrete work .....................m3

 Formwork ...........................m2

The tools I used in carrying out tasks both in site and office includes:

o Drawings

o Measuring tape

o Calculator

o Pen and paper

o Scale rule

o BESMM/SMM

o Meter rule

o Files

3.2 Building construction terms and techniques

3.2.1 Setting out

Setting out of building is the process of transferring what is on plan to ground.

Setting out comes after site must have been cleared and over site excavation
9
completed. It is usually the contractors responsibly to carry out the setting out

activity. During my training i was opportune to witness the setting out of a 1 storey

building

3.2.2 Excavation

Excavation in construction means the removal of earth to form a cavity in the

ground, the basic types of excavation as seen during training are;

a) Oversite excavation: this is the removal of topsoil which includes plants,

animals and decaying matter which makes the soil compressible, thus

unsuitable to support building. Its depth can vary, but usually 150mm is the

minimum used.

b) Reduce level excavation: this is the excavation done below oversite to get a

uniform level on which to build, this is called formation level and can

include both cutting and filling operation.

c) Trench excavation: this is the excavation done normally for strip

foundation, its depth can range from 450-2000mm and its width is always

3times the size of block. 150mm block for 450mm width excavation and

225mm bock for 675mm width excavation.

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3.2.3 Blockwork

This is the process of laying concrete masonry units to form either external walls

or internal walls as partitions. These masonry units are commonly hollow sand-

crete blocks which are much economical per unit of wall area.

Load bearing walls are usually 225mm while non-load bearing walls are usually

150mm.

3.2.4 Concrete works

 Concrete: this is a mixture of cement, sand, aggregate and water in a

measured and controlled proportion, concrete can be of different mixes, the

mixes used on site during training includes 1:2:4, 1:3:6, and sometimes

1:3:5.

 Formwork: formwork is a temporary mould in which concrete is casted and

is removed after the concrete sets:

 Reinforcement bars: Concrete has no useful tensile strength and is limited

in its structural uses. Steel reinforcement bars are used in concrete columns,

beams, and slabs. Reinforcement bars have various diameter sizes. They

come in 12mm,16mm 18mm, 20mm 24mm 30mm and 32mmdiameter sizes.

 Casting: casting is the process of pouring concrete mix into a mould or form

laid with reinforcement bars to form a solid mass structure.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Bills of quantities

The Bill of Quantities is a document containing every single cost element in a

construction project. Not only must the quantities for every item of labour and

material be included, but so also must the items of plant and equipment, as well as

any temporary work necessary, or expenses incurred by way of insurances, fees,

provision of power and water supplies and such-like intangible expenses. The

BOQ (bill of quantities) must contain every conceivable cost component implied

by the project.

4.1.1 Basic components of the bill of quantities

1. Preliminaries

2. Preambles

3. Prime Cost sums and Provisional sums

4. Measured items

4.1.2 Preliminaries

Preliminaries are general items of cost not related to any particular work section.

E.g. Water and scaffolding. As a general rule, preliminary items since they are

generalities and cannot be measured do not require quantities. The preliminary

items are listed in a separate bill and lump sums are inserted against the items. The

preliminaries bill is the first part of the BOQ.

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4.1.3 Preambles

These are described as non-measurable items each of which applies to a particular

work section. They do not in themselves cost money but may affect the cost of the

work sections to which they apply. They fall mainly into two classes:

 Items specifying quality of materials and workmanship

 Pricing instructions to tenderers

Preambles for each work section are grouped together and inserted either at the

beginning of that particular work section or combined with preambles for other

work sections and inserted after the preliminaries bill, but before the “bill proper”.

Example:

o Preambles for concrete work will include items such as:

o All cement used in the works shall be ordinary Portland cement complying

with BS 12

o Aggregate shall be obtained from an approved source and shall comply with

BS 882

4.2 Prime Cost and Provisional Sums

Prime cost (PC) sums are those sums provided in respect of work to be carried out

by nominated sub-contractor or statutory body or materials to be supplied by a

nominated supplier.

13
The general contractor is allowed an item for attendance for the use of his facilities

by the nominated contractor. The main contractor is also allowed some profit on

PC Sums generally.

4.2.1 Provisional sums

A provisional sum is defined as a sum provided for work or costs that cannot be

entirely foreseen, defined or detailed or detailed at the time the tender documents

are issued. General rule 10.2 of the BESMM3 states that where work cannot be

described and given in terms of the normal rules of measurement it shall be given

as a Provisional Sum either defined or undefined. Provisional Sums for defined

work is provided for work which is not completely designed but for which some

amount of information is available, such as:

 Nature of the work and method of construction

 Location in the building

 Scope of work in terms of quantity

 Any specific limitations

A Provisional Sum for undefined work covers work where none of the above

information is provided.

The aim of including such items is to provide the estimator with a firm price for

the work concerned, the amount being subsequently deducted from the contract

14
sum and the actual expenditure added back. In this way, each initial bid by the

contractors who are tendering is prepared based on the same data.

4.2.2 Measured Items

The measured items make up what is known as the “Bill Proper”. These are items

taken-off from drawings which have been squared and sorted. In the bill, each

measured item will comprise:

o A reference symbol

o A prose description

o An associated quantity

o The unit to which the quantity has been reduced: m - Linear metre, m 2 -

Square metre, m3- Cubic metre, Kg – Kilogram, and No. - Number

o A cross-reference or code to facilitate computer billing

4.2.3 Provisional Quantities

Unlike provisional sums (for work which cannot be measured) provisional

quantities are for work which can be defined as to description, but not as to extent.

That is, the quantity cannot be accurately determined. The items are estimated as to

quantity and marked as approximate or “provisional” to allow for it to be adjusted

when work is actually executed. For example, work underground is usually

measured and marked as provisional and is subject to re-measurement when work

is actually carried out.

15
4.3 Bill Preparation Process

The traditional procedure for bill preparation involves:

1. Taking-off

2. Working up which consists of:

o Squaring

o Abstracting

o Billing

1. Taking-Off:

This implies reading off dimensions from drawings and setting them down in a

specific order on special paper known as “dimension sheets” and inserting an

appropriate description. This aspect has been properly covered in previous

semesters.

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2. Working Up:

Squaring: Squaring involves calculating and recording the areas, volumes and

lengths represented by dimensions. Results are written on the taking-off sheets in

the squaring column. It is traditional for the squaring to be checked independently

by another quantity surveyor in the office to eliminate errors.

4.4 Abstracting

The procedure used for abstracting includes the following:

o The descriptions are transferred to abstract paper where they are assembled

in bill order. Associated squaring results are inserted under their

descriptions, repeat items forming columns for subsequent casting. Addition

and deduction columns enable final results to represent net quantities.

17
o The abstract sheet is usually a double sheet (A3 paper) ruled in columns

about an inch wide. Both sides of the sheet are used in each case working

from the left to the right. Every sheet should be headed with the project title

and the section and subsection of the work involved.

o The full descriptions for each item is written across two columns and

underlined with the unit of measurement indicated beside the description.

The order of abstracting is strictly the order in which the items will appear in

the BOQ.

o Positive or “Add” quantities from the take-off sheets are inserted in the right

column while “Ddt” items are inserted into the left column. A reference to

the page number on the take-off sheet from where the quantity has been

abstracted is written beside the quantity on the abstract sheet.

o As each quantity is abstracted it is run through on the take-off sheet with a

line using ink of a different colour to clearly show that that figure has been

transferred to the abstract sheet and should not be treated again

o It is essential to leave enough space between items to allow for omissions to

be inserted and also to avoid confusion

o When all the items have been properly abstracted from the taking-off sheets,

the columns of figures are totalled and the “Deduct” items subtracted from

the totals of the “Add” items to arrive at net quantities. The figure obtained

18
 is then rounded to the nearest whole number and it is this figure that is

transferred to the billing sheet

4.5 Billing

This is the final stage in the procedure required to prepare a bill of quantity and its

procedures include:

o Each description on the abstract is now transferred to standard bill paper, the

format of which is suitable for pricing.

o The total reduced quantity for each item is transferred to the quantity column

of the bill and the appropriate unit inserted.

o Each transferred item is cancelled from the abstract sheet to avoid an item

being transferred more than once.

o Then, suitable trade and section headings are inserted.

o Finally, preliminaries, preambles and other appendices are inserted and the

bill is ready for final proofing, printing and binding.

4.5.1 Direct Billing

This method also eliminates the abstract sheet and all collections are done on the

taking-off sheet. This is possible where the project is small, the number of items

are few and repeat items are also few.

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Standard dimension sheets are may be used or special sheets that resemble an

abbreviated BOQ may also be used. This sheet has dimension columns on the left

and the usual bill pricing columns on the right

Collection of dimensions is done below the description of the item in the same way

as on an abstract sheet and the net quantity is transferred to the quantity column

while the associated unit of measurement goes in the appropriate column.

4.6 Material Procurement

In the building industry, material procurement is an essential activity which

involves the selection, ordering, invoicing, purchase and delivering of construction

materials to the site. As QS, the knowledge of negotiation, procurement and

finance management is very important as we are concerned about the financial

implications of projects towards quality delivery. During my 6-month internship at

Emco associates ltd, I was exposed to the art of procurement which sharpened my

negotiation skill – I was also tasked on different occasions to procure materials for

our ongoing projects. To develop myself, I also took my time to take a financial

management course on YALI – I took a course on the “Fundamentals of Personal

money management” this exposed me to the art of money management and the

management of project funds.

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4.7 Site experience

It is a known fact the Quantity Surveying is a profession of practical – the

application of what is been taught on done in the office to solve real life problems.

During my internship at Emco associates ltd, I was not only taught and exposed to

the official aspect of my profession; I was also exposed to site works where I could

practically apply my theoretical knowledge. I was deployed to two construction

sites in the same location. The site consists of two different projects being

managed and constructed by Emco associates ltd. The sites are

i. The construction of 190-Bedded space Hostel

ii. Construction of a skilled laboratory for Nursing department

The following are the site experiences I had during my stay on the site while

carrying out my mandatory Industrial attachment with Emco associates ltd.

i. Casting of roof beam

ii. Assembling of roof carcass and roofing

iii. Installation of Handrail

iv. Construction of water tank base

v. Construction of septic tank and soak away pit

vi. Tiling work

vii. Construction of steel water stanchion

viii. Construction of fence

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ix. Installation of galvanized poles on fence

x. Conduit piping in electrical works

xi. Earthing and thunder arrestor installation

4.8 Casting of roof beam

Roof beam is an integral part of a building that increases the strength of a structure.

It does that by carrying the load of the roof, transfer it to the column whilst the

columns transfer it to the foundation for effective distribution on the soil. While on

site, we cast a roof beam of 225mm wide by 225mm thick at the construction of

the Nursing skilled laboratory. It was done by assembly a formwork of marine

board to the required size. Afterwards, we supported the soffit with enough props

to prevent sagging and deflection.

22
4.9 Assembling of roof carcass and roofing

The roof is the upper most part of the building that protects the occupants of the

building from adverse effect of weather. This particular part of the building

consists of members such as kingpost, rafter, tie beam, wall plate, noggin, purlin

etc. It is on this element the roofing sheet is being laid and nailed. While on site, I

learnt how to assemble each member during the assembling of the roofing

elements of the skilled laboratory.

23
4.10 Tiling works

Tile is regarded a decorative floor and wall finish made of baked clay. They of two

types, the ceramic tile and the vitrified tiles and are available in different sizes. In

the Nigerian Building material market, the two are further divided into Royal brand

tiles which are produced in Nigeria and the imported one. Tiles are laid with soft

sand, cement pastry and white cement for grouting. While on site, I learnt how tile

is being laid.

24
4.11 Earthing and installation of thunder arrestor

Earthing is basically the process of transferring electrical energy to the soil. It is

done to prevent electrical appliances from high current induced by lighting or

thunder. It is done by connecting a neutral supply from the panel to the soil. During

my internship at Emco associates ltd while on site, I had the privilege of seeing and

learning hoe earthing is being done. The following materials were used – 150mm

flexible earthing cable, copper mat, copper rod, galvanized pole, industrial salt,

charcoal, copper tape and a thunder arrestor called thunder arrestor. After we

concluded the earthing system, a resistivity test was conducted with a resistance

25
meter which is connected to the copper rod that was nailed to the ground inside the

pit. I learnt the fact that the accepted resistivity bandwidth is between 0.00 – 0.25

ohms and we recorded a reading of 0.07ohms resistivity which is within the

accepted bandwidth.

26
4.12 Fencing and fixing of galvanized pole on fence

Fencing is an external work that gives boundary to the plot on which a structure is

built. It also offers a certain level of security and privacy to the occupants of the

building. While on internship, I learnt the construction of fencing while

constructing a fencing structure for the 190-bedded space hostel. I also learnt how

coping is being done and the installation of galvanized pipe to hook wire mesh.

The fencing is of 300.85m in perimeter. The sequence of work follows thus; setting

out, excavation of fencing line, blinding, casting of base (1:3:6), setting of blocks,

27
installation of coping formwork, placement of galvanized pole and casting of

coping.

28
4.13 Other site works

29
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Training experience

During the 6-months of my training I visited various construction sites and was

involved in work supervision. I learnt a lot more about the reality of the

construction industry.

My industrial training experience was very useful to me, because it helped me in

understanding better the building construction process which made measurement

of building works easier for me as everything was clear on site.

Also having been regularly involved in the process of preparing bills of quantities

and preparing some myself with the guide of my supervisor, I learned new skills in

measurement of building works and preparation of bills of quantities.

I was also opportune to participate in the setting-out process of building and I am

now conversant with the process, this to me is an added advantage.

The skills and experience I have gained prior to the completed training

includes:

 How to professionally prepare a bill of quantity

 Understanding better the measurement of building works

 Having worked with the contractor, i was opportune to know how works are

being priced and also how rates are calculated for use in the bills of

quantities

30
  How to manage labour on site

 Setting-out of building

 The training socially shaped me and made me have an appreciation of the

general industry situation. During my internship, I interacted with not only

my workmates and colleagues but also various people of distinct professions

in the construction industry and many other industries and society at large.

After my internship, I feel mature enough to go into the industry and

perform well while adapting to different social challenges.

 After acknowledging the construction industry, I am able to define what

postgraduate studies to pursue if possible.

 I learned great interpersonal skills during my training, as I interacted with

many people, from my supervisor, to other professionals and workers on

site. It helped me gain communication skills to be used when working with

both professionals and non-professionals.

5.2 Problems and challenges

During my 6-months training I encountered some challenges and, the most

significant challenges encountered during training include:

 My supervisor was very busy and there is always less time to interact much

with him.

 At site, safety was not adequately provided for training students

31
 No formal orientation for training students

 Transportation to different site of work was not easy

 Lack of willingness of some labourers to answer questions

 Taking-off of complex drawings like spiral staircase which I have not done

before was challenging.

32
 CHAPTER SIX

6.1Conclusion

The Student Industrial Work Experience scheme (SIWES) is a very good and

important programme which often boosts the professional knowledge of students

and prepare student for their future in their chosen carrier. Engaging in the

Students Industrial Work Experience (SIWES) is a necessary program for all

students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. I have completed my internship program

successfully and have learnt necessary skills, experience, and knowledge as

expected of me as a SIWES student in the country. Also, I started the report

writing by describing the nature of SIWES program in Nigeria in the first chapter

and narrated the program’s aims and objectives, the relevance of the program and

the Bodies involved in the program. Arguably, students that do not participate in

SIWES program have found it not easy to blend with the work force after

graduation. This will not only hinder the students to gain employment but make

them loose the academic knowledge gained from school after so many years of job

seeking. I further describe the Quantity Surveying firm where I started and finished

my internship program. I have explained the experience, skills and knowledge

gained in some major aspects of Quantity surveying during my internship program

in the chapter three of this my report. It should also be noted that my experience

during my internship program was fully based on the capacity of the firm. In

33
addition, I was able to see up-close the variety of opportunities the profession has

to offer. The training broadened my knowledge beyond the four walls of the

classroom and improved my knowledge of some other related disciplines. I

experienced the daily hustle and bustle of the working population, met with client,

saw events, experienced the industrial work situation, learnt how to tolerate co-

workers and be an active team worker. Finally, we should not forget that the

success of the scheme as could be seen is dependent on the Ministries, Industrial

Training Fund, Institutions, Employers of Labour and the general public involved

in the articulation and management of it. It is pertinent to mention that the scheme

is aimed at promoting the much-desired technological know-how for the

advancement of the nation. This laudable scheme amongst others will surely

develop the much needed well – skilled and articulated labour force required to

build an indigenous self-reliant economy envisaged for Nigeria. The units, by

virtue of their positions as Industrial Liaison Offices, should be the most

appropriate channels for guiding students in career/job placement opportunities.

6.2 Recommendations

Although the SIWES program is a very wonderful and enriching program for

students. I have also noted some lapses in the program and have decided to make

some recommendations pertaining to the improvement of the program. The

recommendations will be made to the major bodies involved in the SIWES

34
program; The Federal Government; the Industrial Training Fund (ITF); the

Supervising Agencies – National Universities Commission (NUC), the National

Board for Technical Education (NBTE), National Commission for Colleges of

Education (NCCE); Employers of Labour and Institutions have specific roles

assigned to them in the management of the SIWES Programme.

6.2.1 Recommendations for the Federal Government

The federal government must ensure that the funds disbursed to the Industrial

Training Fund through the Federal Ministry of Industries for the Scheme are

actually given to the SIWES students on time; b) If need be, the government

should bring up a supervising body that will handle the funds such that it gets to

the students on time.

6.2.2 Recommendations to the Industrial training Fund (ITF)

The supervision of SIWES students on internship is expected to be monthly and at

the SIWES Student’s firm premises. Most of the supervision is not regular and not

at the actual place of work of the SIWES student.

6.2.3 Recommendations to the Institutions

The Institutions should be serious with the funding and empowering the SIWES

supervisors with necessary tools and fund to help carry their job effectively. Also,

the Institutions should try as much as possible to compile a list of potential

industrial attachment locations for their SIWES students.

35
6.2.4 Recommendations to the Employers

The employers of SIWES students should not discriminate students from different

universities and make it a painstaking effort to bring up SIWES students in their

firms and see them as toddlers that need to be fed in the mouth.

6.2.5 Recommendations to the SIWES Students

However, the SIWES student seems to be the focal point of this program,

therefore, the SIWES student should be diligent, ready to learn, always punctual

and respectful at this workplace. Finally, the functions of the units should

incorporate such schemes as the college-based student’s work experience

programme, which involves setting up pilot projects like proto-type industries and

production centres where students can acquire industrial experience during the

early periods of their training.

36