1

1 Carbon dioxide is one of the components of inspired and expired air.

State the name of the chemical used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

2 The diagram shows the human gas exchange system.

The list shows the names of some of the parts of the human gas exchange system.

alveolus bronchiole bronchus diaphragm

larynx rib trachea

Use the words from the list to label the diagram.

You do not need to use every word.

Write your answers on the answer lines provided in the diagram.. [5]

[Total: 5]

3 State the name of the part of the body through which air enters and leaves.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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4 Complete the sentences about the differences between inspired and expired air.

Inspired air contains .......................................... oxygen than expired air.

Inspired air contains .......................................... carbon dioxide than expired air.

The concentration of water .......................................... in inspired and expired air varies. [3]

[Total: 3]

5 Complete the sentences about the features of the human gas exchange system.

Gas exchange surfaces have a ................................................ surface area.

The distance across the gas exchange surfaces is very ................................................ .

The gas exchange system has a ................................................ blood supply and good

................................................ with air. [4]

[Total: 4]

6 The diagram shows part of the gas exchange system in the lungs of a human.

State the name of structure W in the diagram.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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7 The diagram shows part of the gas exchange system in the lungs of a human.

State the letter in the diagram that shows where the concentration of:

• carbon dioxide in the blood is highest ........................

• oxygen in the blood is highest .................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

8 Breathing involves the movement of the ribs and the diaphragm.

Describe the process of inspiration.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
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[Total: 4]

9 The diagram shows the human gas exchange system.

State the name of the tissue that prevents the collapse of Y and Z during breathing.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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10 The diagram shows the human gas exchange system.

Identify the parts of the gas exchange system labelled X, Y and Z in the diagram.

X ...............................................................................................................................................

Y................................................................................................................................................

Z ............................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

11 State the name of the gas exchange surface in the lungs.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

12 State the name of the process that moves oxygen into red blood cells.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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13 The diagram shows the human gas exchange system.

State the name of structure A in the diagram.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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14 The diagram shows the human gas exchange system.

Oxygen molecules pass through structure A on their way to the red blood cells.

State the names of three other structures in the gas exchange system that oxygen molecules must
pass through on their way to the red blood cells.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ............................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

15 Oxygen concentration is higher in inspired air than in expired air.

State one other way the composition of inspired air differs from the composition of expired air.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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16 The diagram shows the human gas exchange system.

Identify using a label line and a label on the diagram:

• a lung
• the diaphragm.
[2]

[Total: 2]
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17 Diagram 1 is of the human gas exchange system.

diagram 1

Diagram 2 is a magnified image of the exchange surface shown in region B in diagram 1.

diagram 2

The gas exchange surface shown in diagram 2 is permeable to make gas exchange efficient.

List two other features of gas exchange surfaces.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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18 Complete the sentences by writing the appropriate word or phrase in the spaces provided.

During physical activity the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood increases. The

reason for this is an increase in the rate of ............................................... that occurs in the

............................................... in muscle cells.

The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood is detected by the

............................................... , which increases the rate and depth of breathing so that

carbon dioxide can be ............................................... from the body. This is important

because carbon dioxide is a ............................................... substance and can cause

harm if it accumulates. [5]

[Total: 5]
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19 Scientists investigated the effect of increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the air on the rate
and depth of breathing. The people who took part in the investigation were healthy volunteers.

The people breathed atmospheric air containing 0.04% carbon dioxide for five minutes. They then
breathed air containing 2% carbon dioxide for five minutes and then returned to breathing
atmospheric air for a further five minutes.

The results are shown in the graph.

0.04% CO2 2% CO2 0.04% CO2

70

60

50

40

percentage 30
change in rate
and depth of
breathing 20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

–10

–20
time / minutes
key:
rate of breathing
depth of breathing
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Describe the effects of changing the carbon dioxide concentration of the air on the rate and depth
of breathing, as shown in the graph.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

20 The table shows four functions of the human gas exchange system.

Complete the table by identifying the part of the human gas exchange system that carries out each
function.

function part of the human gas exchange system

contracts to decrease air pressure in the

lungs

allows air to flow between the larynx and

the lungs

contracts to lower the ribs in forced

expiration

site of gas exchange

[4]

[Total: 4]
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21 Carbon dioxide is an example of a greenhouse gas.

State the name of the chemical used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide and state the result
of a positive test.

chemical ...................................................................................................................................

positive result ........................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

22 There are goblet cells in many parts of the alimentary canal.

State the substance that goblet cells secrete.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

23 Cartilage is another tissue found in the gas exchange system.

State the functions of cartilage in the gas exchange system.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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24 The diagram shows part of the gas exchange surface of a human.

State two features of the gas exchange surface that are visible in the diagram.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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25 The gas exchange system is one of the organ systems of the human body.

The diagram shows parts of the gas exchange system during breathing in and breathing out.

Complete the table to show:

• the functions of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles during breathing in and
breathing out

• the pressure changes in the thorax.

Use these words:

contract
relax
increases
decreases.

intercostal muscles pressure change in

diaphragm
internal external the thorax

breathing in

breathing out

[4]

[Total: 4]
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26 State two ways in which the composition of inspired air differs from expired air.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

27 A large surface area is a feature of gas exchange surfaces.

State twoother features of gas exchange surfaces.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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28 A class of students measured their breathing rates during different activities.

Average breathing rates for the class were calculated.

Student A compared her own breathing rates to the average breathing rates of the class.

The bar chart shows the results.

Compare student A’s results with the class averages.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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29 A class of students measured their breathing rates during different activities.

Average breathing rates for the class were calculated.

Student A compared her own breathing rates to the average breathing rates of the class.

The bar chart shows the results.

Calculate the percentage increase in breathing rate between resting and running for
student A.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

.....................................% [2]

[Total: 2]
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30 The diagram is of the human gas exchange system.

Complete the diagram by labelling these structures in the spaces provided:

• alveoli

• bronchus

• bronchiole

• diaphragm

• trachea. [3]

[Total: 3]
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31 State three features of an efficient gas exchange surface.

1 ..............................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

3 ..............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

32 All organisms must maintain a balance between water gain and water loss.

State three ways in which the human body may lose water.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ............................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

33 The diagram shows part of the human gas exchange system.

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(a) Label the structures on the diagram using words from the list:

• bronchiole
• diaphragm
• larynx
• rib
• trachea

[5]

(b) Organ X on the diagram is not part of the gas exchange system.

State the name of the organ system to which X belongs.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]
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34 Two groups of students, A and B, investigated how running affected their pulse rates.

There were three students, 1, 2 and 3, in each group.

They measured their pulse rates when at rest, then all ran the same distance and immediately
measured their pulse rates again.

The results are shown in the graph.

Predict and describe the changes that would occur in the students’ breathing during the investigation.
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[Total: 2]

35 Explain how the human gas exchange system is protected against pathogens.

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[Total: 4]
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36 An athlete measured his breathing rate during 12 minutes of exercise.

The results are shown in the graph.

Calculate the percentage change in the breathing rate between 0 and 10 minutes.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

Show your working.

........................... % [2]

[Total: 2]
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37 An athlete measured his breathing rate during 12 minutes of exercise.

The results are shown in the graph.

Describe the changes in the breathing rate, while the athlete was exercising, shown in the graph.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

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.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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38 Carbon dioxide is excreted through the lungs.

There are differences between the composition of inspired and expired air.

The table shows four of the gases that make up air and the percentage of each gas that is in inspired
and expired air.

percentage in percentage in
gas
inspired air expired air

carbon dioxide 0.04 4.00

oxygen 21.00 16.00

Z variable increased

nitrogen 78.00 78.00

State the name of gas Z shown in the table.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

39 List two features of human gas exchange surfaces.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

40 Carbon dioxide is excreted through the lungs.

Describe a chemical test that would identify that the gas excreted through the lungs is
carbon dioxide.

chemical test ............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

positive test result ....................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]