Halleluia
Halleluia
Halleluia
on
WEB DEVELOPMENT
at
CodeDesk
submitted in partial
fulfilment
for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in Computer Science & Engineering
i
Candidate’s Declaration
I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the Industrial Training
report, entitled “Web Development” in partial fulfilment for the award of Degree
of “Bachelor of Technology” in Department of Computer Science & Engineering
with Specialization in Computer Engineering and submitted to the Department
of Computer Science & Engineering, Arya Institute of Engineering &
Technology, under the Guidance of Mr. Pawan Sen , HOD , Department of
Computer Science & Engineering.
Rahul Garg
Associate Professor & HOD, Department of Computer Science & Engineering Arya
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Acknowledgement
“There are times when silence speaks so much more loudly than words of praise
to only as good as be little person, whose words do not express, but only put a
veneer over true feelings, which are of gratitude at this point of time.”
“Presentation, inspiration and motivation have always played a key role in the
success of any venture.”
I pay my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Pawan Sen, Head of Department, Arya
institute of engineering and technology, Kukas, Jaipur to encourage me to the
highest peak and to provide me the opportunity to prepare the project. I am
immensely obliged to my friends for their elevating inspiration, encouraging
guidance and kind supervision in the completion of my project.
Last, but not the least, my parents are also an important inspiration for me and
also like to thank all those who directly or indirectly helped me throughout my
work. So, with due regards, I express my gratitude to them.
Rahul Garg
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Certificate
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Candidate’s Declaration ii
Acknowledgement iii
Certificate iv
Table of Contents vi
Abstract 1
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 2
1.3 Database 4
Chapter 3: CONCLUSION 22
23
Chapter 4: RECOMMENDATION
24-27
v
Chapter 5: PROJECT : PG LIFE
28-30
Chapter 6: WORKING OF WEBSITE
31-32
Chapter 7: E-Commerce Website(Frontend)
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REFERENCES
vi
ABSTRACT
1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
internet.
Backend Development
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CSS styles that content. Bootstrap is a useful framework for HTML and CSS
management.
B. JavaScript
It is one of the most popular programming languages. We can use JavaScript in
the frontend as well as in the backend. For time-saving and boost in
programming, there is some framework used by developer like jQuery, ReactJs,
etc. We create UI by Front-End Technology like Html and CSS but it is not
interactive. To create the interactive website we need JavaScript.
It is a programming language that allows you to make web pages interactive.
There are some Libraries available that help for faster and easier web
development; there are various JavaScript libraries (such as jQuery, React.js, and
Zepto.js) and frameworks (such as Angular, Vue, Node.js).
C. Front-end Framework
As we know that everyone wants quick and fast work so boost and save our
development time we use some framework. For example Bootstrap, Material-UI,
Angular JS and ReactJS, etc.
A database provides a place for your web application's data to be stored.
Databases are split into two types: relational and non-relational (the latter being
broken into multiple categories), each with its own set of advantages and
disadvantages.
1.Bootstrap: It is the most popular front-end framework and easy to use. It
is a free and open-source framework. Developer’s mainly used to styling
the web pages. Most of the developers use Bootstrap for CSS.
2.React.JS: There are so many JavaScript frameworks but we consider here
only React.JS because it is easy to use than other frameworks like
Angular.JS, Vue.js, etc. React.JS is managed by and developed by
Facebook Community.
3.Material-UI: It provides a library to React or in other words, we can say
that Frontend framework for React and help to React in Styling. Developers
don’t need to write a code from starting or scratch.
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1.2 BACK-END DEVELOPMENT
It is also known as server-side development. It is works in the background and
the users don't aware of these contains. We can say it is behind-the-scene activity.
This happens or occurs when the user clicks or performs any action on a website
created by Frontend technology. It mainly focuses on databases, backend logic,
APIs, and Servers. It is called backend development. In the backend development,
we can use various programming languages for example JavaScript, python, PHP,
Ruby, etc., and its framework.
1.3. DATABASE
It is a collection of information or data in an organized manner. Data is generally
stored in a computer system. A database is typically controlled or managed by a
database management system (DBMS). This stored data is easily accessed,
managed, modified by the user. There are some most widely used database
software or DBMSs include MySQL, MongoDB, Microsoft SQL Server,
FileMaker Pro, Oracle Database, etc. But in our case, we mainly focus on SQL.
So we try to use this database. There are two types of databases one is relational
and another one is a non-relational database. A database provides a place for your
web application's data to be stored. Databases are split into two types: relational
and non-relational (the latter being broken into multiple categories), each with its
own set of advantages and disadvantages. The following are the most widely used
databases in web development: MySQL (relational), PostgreSQL (relational),
MongoDB (non-relational, document).
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Chapter 2
TECHNOLOGIES
• HTML
• CSS
• Bootstrap.
• Scripting Technologies like PHP.
• Database using MySQL
Introduction to HTML
HTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language
for creating web pages and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets
(CSS) and JavaScript it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the World
Wide Web. Web browsers receive HTML documents from a webserver or from
local storage and render them into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the
structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the
appearance of the document.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML
constructs, images and other objects, such as interactive forms, may be
embedded into the rendered page. It provides a means to create structured
documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings,
paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items.
HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such
as <img/> and <input/> introduce content into the page directly. Others such as
<p>..<p/> surround and provide information about document text and may
include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but
use them to interpret the content of the page.
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HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript which
affect the behaviour and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the look and
layout of content. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), maintainer of both the
HTML and the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit
presentational HTML since 1997.
HTML markup consists of several key components, including those called tags
(and their attributes), character-based data types, character references and entity
references. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and <h1/> ,
although some represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example
<img> .The first tag in such a pair is the start tag, and the second is the end tag
(they are also called opening tags and closing tags).
The following is an example of the classic Hello world program, a common test
employed for comparing programming languages, scripting languages and
markup languages. This example is made using 9 lines of code:
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(The text between <html> and <html/> describes the web page, and the text
between <body> and <body/> is the visible page content. The markup text
"<title>" defines the browser page title.)
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Introduction to CSS
CSS Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing
the presentation of a document written in a markup language. Although most
often used to set the visual style of web pages and user interfaces written in
HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any XML document,
including plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech,
or on other media. Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone
technology used by most websites to create visually engaging webpages, user
interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile
applications.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of presentation and content,
including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can
improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the
specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to
share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and
reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content.
Separation of formatting and content makes it possible to present the same
markup page in different styles for different rendering methods, such as
onscreen, in print, by voice (via speech-based browser or screen reader), and on
Braille-based tactile devices. It can also display the web page differently
depending on the screen size or viewing device. Readers can also specify a
different style sheet, such as a CSS file stored on their own computer, to
override the one the author specified.
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Changes to the graphic design of a document (or hundreds of documents) can
be applied quickly and easily, by editing a few lines in the CSS file they use,
rather than by changing markup in the documents.
The CSS specification describes a priority scheme to determine which style
rules apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element. In this
so-called cascade, priorities (or weights) are calculated and assigned to rules, so
that the results are predictable. The CSS specifications are maintained by the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Internet media type (MIME type) text/css
is registered for use with CSS by RFC 2318 (March 1998). The W3C operates a
free CSS validation service for CSS documents.
1) TYPES OF CSS :
• Inline CSS: In this CSS is applied in between the tags. E.g.:
• External CSS: In
this the CSS code is written on another page and is
linked to the HTML page. It is advantageous to use this type of styling
as we can use the same file to style various HTML pages. External CSS
uses the extension .css and is applied using the following syntax:
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All the CSS style types are important but can be used in different situations.
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After using CSS in HTML page:
Introduction to BOOTSTRAP
Bootstrap is the second most-starred project on GitHub, with more than 107,000
stars and 48,000 forks.
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Bootstrap, originally named Twitter Blueprint, was developed by Mark Otto and
Jacob Thornton at Twitter as a framework to encourage consistency across
internal tools. Before Bootstrap, various libraries were used for interface
development, which led to inconsistencies and a high maintenance burden.
Since 2.0, Bootstrap supports responsive web design. This means the layout of
web pages adjusts dynamically, taking into account the characteristics of the
device used (desktop, tablet, mobile phone).
PHP
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be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP
code may also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be
used to implement stand-alone graphical applications.
The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software
released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be
deployed on most web servers on almost every operating system and
platform, free of charge.
1) INSTALLING PHP:
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Wamp-Server
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1) FEATURES:
2) USAGE :
Officially, WAMP's designers intended it for use only as a
development tool, to allow website designers and programmers to test their
work on their own computers without any access to the Internet. To make this as
easy as possible, many important security features are disabled by default.
WAMP has the ability to serve web pages on the World Wide Web. A special
tool is provided to password-protect the most important parts of the package.
3) INSTALLATION :
Step 1: Download the WampServer installer by choosing among 32-bits and 64-
bits version depending on what Windows you are running. Also, see the required
configuration of all the components.
Example: WampServer 2.2D has Apache 2.2.21, Php 5.3.10, MySQLi 5.5.20,
XDebug 2.1.2, XDC 1.5, PhpMyAdmin 3.4.10.1, SQLBuddy 1.3.3 and web
Grind 1.0.
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Step 2: Run the downloaded installer to initiate the setup. If the option of Run as
administrator is available, make use of it. Complete the setup by following all
wizard instructions until the end. WampServer will require around 200MB+
space on the disk you install it. It9s recommended to install WAMP on
C:/wampserver or C:/wamp, though not mandatory.
Step 3: Start WampServer by clicking the shortcut icon created on your desktop.
Again, use Run as administrator if available. The icon appears in Windows
Notification Area (right-bottom) turning from Red to Orange to Green. Red
denotes that the server is inactive/disabled. Orange indicates the
server is processing or starting up. Green indicates the server is active and
running.
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4) CONFIGURATION:
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http.conf, Apache error log and Apache access log files are also available.
Enable all required PHP settings and extensions via PHP > PHP Settings and
PHP > PHP Extensions. It9s recommended for novice users to not modify the
php.ini file manually, instead operate it via the menu only. Logged PHP errors
can be found at PHP > PHP Error Log.
You can also access http://localhost/?phpinfo=1 and
http://localhost/phpmyadmin/ on your browser. phpMyAdmin is used to manage
MySQL databases and related operations.
SQL
SQL Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus, SQL
consists of a data definition language, data manipulation language, and data
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control language. The scope of SQL includes data insert, query, update and
delete, schema creation and modification, and data access control.
Although SQL is often described as, and to a great extent is, a declarative
language (4GL), it also includes procedural elements. SQL was one of the first
commercial languages for Edgar F. Codd's relational model, as described in his
influential 1970 paper, "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data
Banks." Despite not entirely adhering to the relational model as described by
Codd, it became the most widely used database language. SQL became a
standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987. Since then, the
standard has been revised to include a larger set of features.
1) QUERIES:
The most common operation in SQL, the query, makes use of the
declarative SELECT statement. SELECT retrieves data from one or more
tables, or expressions. Standard SELECT statements have no persistent
effects on the database.
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A query includes a list of columns to include in the final result, normally
immediately following the SELECT keyword. An asterisk ("*") can be
used to specify that the query should return all columns of the queried
tables. SELECT is the most complex statement in SQL, with optional
keywords and clauses that include:
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• The HAVING clause includes a predicate used to filter rows
resulting from the GROUP BY clause. Because it acts on the results of
the GROUP BY clause, aggregation functions can be used in the
HAVING clause predicate.
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Chapter 3
CONCLUSION
Chapter 4
Recommendation/Suggestions
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Internshala is doing well to provide internship to college students on their
choice on time period and field of interest. Their student partner program
is good to guide student from normal college student where there is huge
gap of information related to internships and training.
These are just some suggestions which may help directly to Internshala
and indirectly to students.
Chapter 5
PROJECT: PG LIFE
Anyone can view Online Renting portal and available properties, but
every user must login by his/her Username and password in order to
purchase or rent properties. Unregistered members can register by
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navigating to registration page. Only Admin will have access to modify
roles, by default developer can only be an “Admin”. Once user register
site, his default role will be “User”. This website is designed while
considering its responsiveness .
a) HOME PAGE:
The Home Screen will consist of screen were one can search for
properties in the city one wants to be and can Signup or Login .
Registered user can directly login by entering Email and Password .
New users can register through signup portal by entering their details
such as Full Name , Phone Number , Email , Password , Gender , etc.
Home Page
b) SIGNUP PAGE :
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Sign Up Page
c) LOGIN PAGE :
Login Page
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• Shows the list of all the PGs and their main features in the selected city,
in the form of beautiful cards.
• Filter bar, using which the PGs can be sorted according to rent and
rating, in ascending or descending order.
• User can see here which PG is being marked interested by how many
users, to know popularity.
• After logging in, user can mark any PG(s) as interested, from the list
itself, by clicking on the heart icon.
• The heart icon toggles style in terms of fill color, when alternatively
clicked to like or dislike the pg. Based upon click, interested user's
number remains updated dynamically.
• In the property list page, if any user clicks on "View" button, that pg's
entire details is being displayed in the PG details page.
• Images of the selected PG is being viewed at top front as a beautiful
carousel.
• The page shows all the details such as amenities, testimonials, address of
the PG neatly.
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• User can see the selected PG is being marked interested by how many
users, to know popularity.
• After logging in, user can mark any PG(s) as interested, from the list
itself, by clicking on the heart icon.
• f. The heart icon toggles style in terms of fill color, when alternatively
clicked to like or dislike the pg. Based upon click, interested user's
number remains updated dynamically.
Chapter 5
Working Of Website
a) index.php / Homepage:
This is the file which contains php and HTML code for the homepage
where Several bootstrap classes are used for designing purpose such as
breadcrumb , navbar , modal and footer , etc . This also contains liked css
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files of bootstrap , fontawesome and links for google fonts . All these css
links are included in a separate file named as ”head_links.php” , which is
later on included in head tag of “index.php” file .
head_links.php
index.php
In this file all the server side php code is present with several SQL
queries.
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Property_details.php
This file contains code for styling and showing response for intrested icon
highlighted .
d) Database :
For storing and processing data a query language is required and for that
SQL queries is used here in many files to access and modify data.A
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relational database is used which contains many tables like for amenities ,
properties , user details , etc.
amenities table
Chapter 6
An E-commerce site’s frontend developed using HTML and pure CSS only and
making it fully responsive by using “#check” ID’s to implement fully functional
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navbar for devices width less than 800 pixels Used flexbox , animation , CSS
selectors and several div properties .
Homepage
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Listed products
Website preview
(on devices with full width)
REFERENCES
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• Javapoint https://www.javatpoint.com/mern-stack.
• BocaSay https://www.bocasay.com/how-does-the-mern-stack-work/.
Nodejs https://nodejs.org/
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