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    Vectors

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    blackmonkeyniqqa
    Vectors can be represented geometrically or as tuples. Geometric vectors have both magnitude and direction, representing quantities like displacement and velocity. Vector operations like addition and scalar multiplication led to the concept of vector spaces. A directed line segment is a vector that has both length and direction, with an initial point. Vector notation uses arrows, boldface, or underlining to represent the magnitude and direction of a vector.

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    Vectors

    Uploaded by

    blackmonkeyniqqa
    18 views10 pages
    Vectors can be represented geometrically or as tuples. Geometric vectors have both magnitude and direction, representing quantities like displacement and velocity. Vector operations like addition and scalar multiplication led to the concept of vector spaces. A directed line segment is a vector that has both length and direction, with an initial point. Vector notation uses arrows, boldface, or underlining to represent the magnitude and direction of a vector.

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    Vectors class 12

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    Vectors can be represented geometrically or as tuples. Geometric vectors have both magnitude and direction, representing quantities like displacement and velocity. Vector operations like addition and scalar multiplication led to the concept of vector spaces. A directed line segment is a vector that has both length and direction, with an initial point. Vector notation uses arrows, boldface, or underlining to represent the magnitude and direction of a vector.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views10 pages

    Vectors

    Uploaded by

    blackmonkeyniqqa
    Vectors can be represented geometrically or as tuples. Geometric vectors have both magnitude and direction, representing quantities like displacement and velocity. Vector operations like addition and scalar multiplication led to the concept of vector spaces. A directed line segment is a vector that has both length and direction, with an initial point. Vector notation uses arrows, boldface, or underlining to represent the magnitude and direction of a vector.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    1

    VECTORS
    In mathematics and physics, vector is a term that refers colloquially to some
    quantities that cannot be expressed by a single number (a scalar), or to elements
    of some vector spaces.

    Historically, vectors were introduced in geometry and physics (typically in


    mechanics) for quantities that have both a magnitude and a direction, such as
    displacements, forces and velocity. Such quantities are represented by geometric
    vectors in the same way as distances, masses and time are represented by real
    numbers.

    The term vector is also used, in some contexts, for tuples, which are finite
    sequences of numbers of a fixed length.

    Both geometric vectors and tuples can be added and scaled, and these vector
    operations led to the concept of a vector space, which is a set equipped with a
    vector addition and a scalar multiplication that satisfy some axioms generalizing
    the main properties of operations on the above sorts of vectors. A vector space
    formed by geometric vectors is called a Euclidean vector space, and a vector
    space formed by tuples is called a coordinate vector space.
    2
    DIRECTED LINE SEGMENTS

    Partitions occur on line segments that are referred to as


    directed segments. A directed segment is a segment that has
    distance (length) and direction. It is important to understand
    that a directed segment has a "starting point" referred to as
    the "initial point".

    HISTORICAL IMAGE – LINE SEGMENT (1699)


    3
    Notation of a vector

    Vector notation is how we write vectors in mathematics.

    A vector is a quantity which has both magnitude and direction. It


    can be used to show a movement.

    We can write vectors in several ways,

    1. USING AN ARROW,
    2. USING BOLDFACE
    3. UNDERLINED.

    Modulus/magnitude of a vector
    Types of vectors

    Let us explore a few types of vectors:


    Zero Vectors: Vectors that have 0 magnitude are called zero
    vectors, denoted by →0 = (0,0,0). The zero vector has zero
    magnitudes and no direction. It is also called the additive
    identity of vectors.
    Unit Vectors: Vectors that have magnitude equals to 1 are
    called unit vectors
    It is also called the multiplicative identity of vectors. The
    length of unit vectors is 1. It is generally used to denote the
    direction of a vector.
    Position Vectors: Position vectors are used to determine the
    position and direction of movement of the vectors in a
    three-dimensional space. The magnitude and direction of
    position vectors can be changed relative to other bodies. It
    is also called the location vector.
    Equal Vectors: Two or more vectors are said to be equal if
    their corresponding components are equal. Equal vectors
    have the same magnitude as well as direction. They may
    have different initial and terminal points but the length and
    direction must be equal.
    Negative Vectors: A vector is said to be the negative of
    another vector if they have the same magnitudes but
    opposite directions. If vectors A and B have equal lengths
    but opposite directions, then vector A is said to be the
    negative of vector B or vice versa.
    Parallel Vectors: Two or more vectors are said to be parallel
    vectors if they have the same direction but not necessarily
    the same magnitude. The angle between two parallel
    vectors is zero degrees. The vectors whose angle of
    direction differs by 180 degrees are called antiparallel
    vectors, that is, antiparallel vectors have opposite
    directions.
    Orthogonal Vectors: Two or more vectors in space are said
    to be orthogonal if the angle between them is 90 degrees.
    In other words, the dot product of orthogonal vectors is
    always 0.
    Co-initial Vectors: Vectors that have the same initial point
    are called co-initial vectors
    Notation for a vector

    In mathematics and physics, vector notation is a commonly used


    notation for representing vectors, which may be Euclidean
    vectors, or more generally, members of a vector space.
    Modulus/magnitude of a
    vector

    Given a vector
    →
    v =(xy), its magnitude, also called modulus can be calculated
    with the formula:
    →
    |v|=√x2+y2
    Vector multiplication

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