WIRES & CABLES PIPES & FITTINGS SI Units AWG or Metric Trade Size

kcmil Designator
SIZES IMC/RSC PVC 0.9mm2 18 12mmØ 3/8"Ø
METRIC ENGLISH METRIC ENGLISH METRIC ENGLISH 1.25mm2 16 16mmØ 1/2"Ø
500 mm2 1000 MCM 2.0mm2 14 21mmØ 3/4"Ø
400 mm2 800 MCM 160 6" 3.5mm2 12 27mmØ 1"Ø
380 mm2 750 MCM 100 4" 110 4" 5.5mm2 10 35mmØ 1 1/2"Ø
325 mm2 650 MCM 90 3 1/2" 90 3" 8.0mm2 8 41mmØ 1 3/4"Ø
80 3" 75 2 1/2" 14mm2 6 53mmØ 2"Ø
300 mm2 600 MCM 65 2 1/2" 65 2" 22mm2 4 63mmØ 2 1/2"Ø
250 mm2 500 MCM 50 2" 50 1 1/2" 3 78mmØ 3"Ø
200 mm2 400 MCM 40 1 1/2" 40 1 1/4" 30mm2 2 91mmØ 3 1/2"Ø
175 mm2 350 MCM 32 1 1/4" 32 1" 38mm2 1 103mmØ 4"Ø
150 mm2 300 MCM 25 1" 25 3/4" 50mm2 1/0* 129mmØ 5"Ø
125 mm2 250 MCM 20 3/4" 20 1/2" 60mm2 2/0* 155mmØ 6"Ø
100 mm2 4/0 15 1/2" 80mm2 3/0*
80 mm2 3/0 Notes: (TELEPHONE/DATA CABLES) 100mm2 4/0*
60 mm2 2/0 1. 3/4"Ø - 4 Jacketed Wires/Data Cables 125mm2 250*
50 mm2 1/0 1"Ø - 7 Jacketed Wires/Data Cables 150mm2 300*
38 mm2 1 2. Always add 15% Spare (or multiply by 1.5) 350*
30 mm2 2 for TTC/TVC 200mm2 400*
22 mm2 4 3. AWG24 - Category 5, 4-Pair High Performance 250mm2 500*
14 mm2 6 Twisted Pair Data Cable with Category5, 600*
8.0 mm2 8 8-conductor RJ45 Modular Connector 700*
5.5 mm2 10 4. AWG20 - RG-59/U, 75Ω Coaxial Cable 750*
3.5 mm2 12 5. AWG14 - RG-11/U, 75Ω Coaxial Cable 400mm2 800*
2.0 mm2 14 6. *Can be paralleled Art. 310.4 900*
7. Heat Detector, 70mmØ 500mm2 1000*
3.2 mm 8 area of coverage=should not exceed 5.3m radius 1250*
2.6 mm 10 spacings bet. Heat detector=7m 1500*
2.0 mm 12 8. Smoke Detector, 150mmØ 1750*
1.6 mm 14 area of coverage=should not exceed 7.5m radius 2000*
1.25 mm2 16 spacings bet. Smoke detector=10m

230V 24 BRANCHES 50AF: 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 ACCU = AREA (m2) / 15 = ____tons
380/400V 42 BRANCHES 100AF: 60, 70 ,100
225AF: 125, 150, 175, 200, 225
250AF: 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250 EX: 40 WIRES
MCB 60A below 400AF: 300, 400
MCCB 60A above 600AF: 500, 600 total area = 40 x approximate area in mm2
ACB 500 above 800AF: 700, 800
1200AF: 1000, 1200 compare to table 4: (over 2 wires) mm2
2000AF: 1600, 2000
4000AF: 2500, 3000, 4000
6000AF: 5000, 6000

jam ratio = nominal diameter in mm of pipes / approximate dia

fixed camera angle=30° distance=100meters note:
dome camera nominal diameter see TABLE 4
approximate diameter see TABLE 5

Avoid ratio 2.8 & 3.2

200
NEC 2008: CHAPTER 9
JAM RATIO

Heat detectors KW-HR COMPUTATION

Max area of coverage Kw-hr per month=apparent power x P.F. x 8 hrs per
per detector= 50m2
Max distance covered = 5.3m (for square layout this is 3.5m to wall 7m between detectors) 75 hp x 0.746 kw per hp x 0.8782 x 8 hrs per day x 3
Smoke Detectors
Max area of coverage
= 100m2
Max distance covered
= 7.5m (for a square layout this is 5m to wall, 10m spacing)
 Standard text in autocad NEC 2008 PAGE
homerun=200 TABLE 4 676-679
switch=180 TABLE 250.66 112
width factor=0.85 TABLE 250.122 121
TABLE 310.16 152
TABLE 5 680-683
switch=60mmØ TABLE 430.250 328
distance bet. Sab=75mm TABLE 430.248 329
dist. From opening of door to switch=150mm TABLE 9 686-687
panel=430mmx150mm TABLE 310.20 156
TABLE C.1 708-712
TABLE C.4 723-727
FORMULAS TABLE C.10 753-757
pullbox sizing 8 x highest Ø of pipe
6 x highest Ø + Σ(pipes left)

MOTOR, CHILLER
CB = COMPUTED CURRENT X 2.5

HERMITICALLY SHIELD LOADS: AIRCON, REF, FREEZER

CB = COMPUTED CURRENT X 1.75
CB = COMPUTED CURRENT X 2.25
CB ≥ CB ≤ CB

SIZE OF WIRE = (COMPUTED CURRENT X 1.25)/0.82 IF CB < 100

SIZE OF WIRE = (COMPUTED CURRENT X 1.25)/0.88 IF CB > 100

OTHERS LOADS (L.O., C.O.)

CB = COMPUTED CURRENT X 1.25

SIZE OF WIRE = CB/0.82 IF CB < 100

SIZE OF WIRE = CB/0.88 IF CB > 100

IF 4W + G
SIZE OF WIRE = CB/(0.82 x 0.8) IF CB < 100
SIZE OF WIRE = CB/(0.88 x 0.8) IF CB > 100

DETEMINING NO. OF SETS

SIZE OF WIRE = CB/(0.82 x 0.8 x no. of sets) IF CB < 100
SIZE OF WIRE = CB/(0.88 x 0.8 x no. of sets) IF CB > 100

I @ ___% DF = 1.732 x A + Σ3Ø A + 0.25 highest motor load

CB = 1.732 x A + Σ3Ø A + 1.25 highest ACU load
CB = 1.732 x A + Σ3Ø A + 2.5 highest motor load

tio = nominal diameter in mm of pipes / approximate diameter in mm of wire

Kw-hr per month=apparent power x P.F. x 8 hrs per day x 30 days per month

75 hp x 0.746 kw per hp x 0.8782 x 8 hrs per day x 30 days per month..

 2 WIRES + GROUND (THWN&THHN)
CB WIRES&CONDUITS
20 USE: 3-3.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (½"Ø) PVC PIPE
30 USE: 2-5.5mm² THHN & 1-3.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (½"Ø) PVC PIPE
40 USE: 2-8mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 27mmØ (3/4"Ø) PVC PIPE
50 USE: 2-8mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 27mmØ (3/4"Ø) PVC PIPE
60 USE: 2-14mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 35mmØ (1"Ø) PVC PIPE
70 USE: 2-22mm² THWN & 1-8mm² THHN in 41mmØ (1¼"Ø) PVC PIPE
100 USE: 2-30mm² THWN & 1-8mm² THHN in 41mmØ (1¼"Ø) PVC PIPE
125 USE: 2-50mm² THWN & 1-14mm² THHN in 53mmØ (1½"Ø) PVC PIPE
150 USE: 2-60mm² THWN & 1-22mm² THWN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE
175 USE: 2-80mm² THWN & 1-22mm² THWN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE
200 USE: 2-100mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE
225 USE: 2-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE
250 USE: 2-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE
300 USE: 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
400 USE: 2 SETS, 2-100mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE
500 USE: 2 SETS, 2-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE
600 USE: 2 SETS, 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
USE: 3 SETS, 2-100mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE
700 USE: 3 SETS, 2-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE
800 USE: 3 SETS, 2-200mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE
USE: 4 SETS, 2-100mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE
1000 USE: 3 SETS, 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
USE: 4 SETS, 2-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE
1200 USE: 4 SETS, 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
USE: 5 SETS, 2-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE
1600 USE: 5 SETS, 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
USE: 6 SETS, 2-200mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE
2000 USE: 6 SETS, 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
USE: 8 SETS, 2-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE
2500 USE: 8 SETS, 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
3000 USE: 9 SETS, 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
4000 USE: 12 SETS, 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
5000 USE: 15 SETS, 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
6000 USE: 18 SETS, 2-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE
 2 WIRES
@40°C TOTAL AREA JAM RATIO
27.30 25.743
36.40 36.071 3.67
50.05 60.83 3.72
50.05 60.83 3.72
68.25 79.03 3.16 4.05
74.80 129.93 3.17 4.19
101.20 173.03 2.68 3.54
132.00 272.11 2.80 3.27
154.00 339.96 2.55 2.99 3.85
176.00 398.76 2.72 3.51
202.40 492.31 2.48 3.19 3.81
250.80 669.31 2.67 3.19 3.97
250.80 669.31 2.67 3.19 3.97
334.40 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
404.80 492.31 2.48 3.19 3.81
501.60 669.31 2.67 3.19 3.97
668.80 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
607.20 492.31 2.48 3.19 3.81
752.40 669.31 2.67 3.19 3.97
884.40 876.3 2.83 3.52
809.60 492.31 2.48 3.19 3.81
1003.20 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
1003.20 669.31 2.67 3.19 3.97
1337.60 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
1254.00 669.31 2.67 3.19 3.97
1672.00 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
1768.80 876.3 2.83 3.52
2006.40 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
2006.40
2675.20 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
3009.60 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
4012.80 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
5016.00 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
6019.20 1032.3 2.58 3.21 3.71
 3 WIRES + GROUND(THWN&THHN) JAM RATIO
CB WIRES&CONDUITS @40°C TOTAL AREA COMPUTATION CODE
20 USE: 4-3.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (½"Ø) PVC PIPE 27.30 34.324 4.63 Y3.5
30 USE: 3-5.5mm² THHN & 1-3.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (½"Ø) PVC PIPE 36.40 49.681 3.67 Y5.5
40 USE: 3-8mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 27mmØ (3/4"Ø) PVC PIPE 50.05 84.44 3.72 Y8
50 USE: 3-8mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 27mmØ (3/4"Ø) PVC PIPE 50.05 84.44 3.72 Y8
60 USE: 3-14mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 35mmØ (1"Ø) PVC PIPE 68.25 111.74 3.16 4.05 Y14
70 USE: 3-22mm² THWN & 1-8mm² THHN in 41mmØ (1¼"Ø) PVC PIPE 74.80 183.09 3.17 4.19 Y22
100 USE: 3-30mm² THWN & 1-8mm² THHN in 41mmØ (1¼"Ø) PVC PIPE 101.20 247.74 3.54 Y30
125 USE: 3-50mm² THWN & 1-14mm² THHN in 53mmØ (1½"Ø) PVC PIPE 132.00 391.81 3.27 Y50
150 USE: 3-60mm² THWN & 1-22mm² THWN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE 154.00 483.36 2.99 3.85 Y60
175 USE: 3-80mm² THWN & 1-22mm² THWN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE 176.00 571.56 3.51 Y80
200 USE: 3-100mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE 202.40 701.11 3.19 3.81 Y100
225 USE: 3-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 250.80 966.61 3.19 3.97 Y150
250 USE: 3-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 250.80 966.61 3.19 3.97 Y150
300 USE: 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE 334.40 1488.6 3.21 3.71 Y250
USE: 2 SETS, 3-60mm² THWN & 1-22mm² THWN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE 308.00
400 USE: 2 SETS, 3-100mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIP 404.80 701.11 3.19 3.81 2Y100
500 USE: 2 SETS, 3-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 501.60 966.61 3.19 3.97 2Y150
600 USE: 2 SETS, 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIP 668.80 1488.6 3.35 3.71 2Y250
USE: 3 SETS, 3-100mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE 607.20 701.11 3.19 3.81 3Y100
700 USE: 3 SETS, 3-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 752.40 966.61 3.19 3.97 3Y150
800 USE: 3 SETS, 3-200mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 884.40 1254.6 3.52 3Y200
USE: 4 SETS, 3-100mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE 809.60 701.11 3.19 3.81 4Y100
1000 USE: 3 SETS, 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIP 1003.20 1488.6 3.21 3.71 3Y250
USE: 4 SETS, 3-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 1003.20 966.61 3.19 3.97 4Y150
1200 USE: 4 SETS, 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 1337.60 1488.6 3.21 3.71 4Y250
USE: 5 SETS, 3-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 1254.00 966.61 3.19 3.97 5Y150
1600 USE: 5 SETS, 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIP 1672.00 1488.6 3.21 3.71 5Y250
USE: 6 SETS, 3-200mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 1768.80 1254.6 3.52 6Y200
2000 USE: 6 SETS, 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIP 2006.40 1488.6 3.21 3.71 6Y250
USE: 8 SETS, 3-150mm² THWN & 1-30mm² THWN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 2006.40
2500 USE: 8 SETS, 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIP 2675.20 1488.6 3.21 3.71 8Y250
3000 USE: 9 SETS, 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIP 3009.60 1488.6 3.21 3.71 9Y250
4000 USE: 12 SETS, 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PI 4012.80 1488.6 3.21 3.71 12Y250
5000 USE: 15 SETS, 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PI 5016.00 1488.6 3.21 3.71 15Y250
6000 USE: 18 SETS, 3-250mm² THWN & 1-50mm² THWN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PI 6019.20 1488.6 3.21 3.71 18Y250
81
 3 WIRES + GROUND(ALL THHN)
2 WIRES
CB WIRES&CONDUITS @40°C TOTAL AREA JAM RATIO COMPUTATION
20 USE: 4-3.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (½"Ø) PVC PIPE 27.30 34.324 4.63
30 USE: 3-5.5mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (½"Ø) PVC PIPE 36.40 49.681 3.67
40 USE: 3-8mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 27mmØ (3/4"Ø) PVC PIPE 50.05 84.44 3.72
50 USE: 3-8mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 27mmØ (3/4"Ø) PVC PIPE 50.05 84.44 3.72
60 USE: 3-14mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 35mmØ (1"Ø) PVC PIPE 68.25 111.74 3.16
70 USE: 3-22mm² THHN & 1-8mm² THHN in 41mmØ (1¼"Ø) PVC PIPE 86.45 183.09 3.17
100 USE: 3-30mm² THHN & 1-8mm² THHN in 41mmØ (1¼"Ø) PVC PIPE 118.30 247.74 3.54
125 USE: 3-38mm² THHN & 1-14mm² THHN in 53mmØ (1½"Ø) PVC PIPE 136.50 335.11 3.05
150 USE: 3-50mm² THHN & 1-14mm² THHN in 53mmØ (1½"Ø) PVC PIPE 154.70 391.81 3.27
175 USE: 3-60mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE 177.45 483.36 2.99
200 USE: 3-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE 204.75 571.56 3.51
225 USE: 3-100mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE 236.60 701.11 3.19
250 USE: 3-125mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE 263.90 843.01 2.88
300 USE: 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 345.80 1254.6 3.52
USE: 2 SETS, 3-50mm² THHN & 1-14mm² THHN in 53mmØ (1½"Ø) PVC PIPE 309.40
400 USE: 2 SETS, 3-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE 409.50 3.41
500 USE: 2 SETS, 3-125mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE 527.80
USE: 3 SETS, 3-60mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE 532.35
600 USE: 3 SETS, 3-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE 614.25
USE: 2 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 691.60
700 USE: 3 SETS, 3-100mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE 709.80
USE: 2 SETS, 3-250mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE 391.30
800 USE: 3 SETS, 3-150mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 873.60
USE: 4 SETS, 3-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) PVC PIPE 819.00
1000 USE: 3 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 1037.40
1200 USE: 4 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 1383.20
USE: 5 SETS, 3-125mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 78mmØ (2½"Ø) PVC PIPE 1319.50
1600 USE: 5 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 1729.00
USE: 6 SETS, 3-150mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 1747.20
2000 USE: 6 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 2074.80
2500 USE: 7 SETS, 3-250mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE 2739.10
USE: 8 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 2766.40
 USE: 9 SETS, 3-150mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 2620.80
3000 USE: 8 SETS, 3-250mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 103mmØ (3½"Ø) PVC PIPE 3130.40
USE: 9 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 91mmØ (3"Ø) PVC PIPE 3112.20
RES
JAM RATIO COMPUTATION CODE
Y3.5
Y5.5
3.99 3.06 Y8
Y8
4.05 Y14
4.19 Y22
3.77 Y30
3.57 Y38
Y50
3.85 Y60
Y80
3.81 Y100
3.44 Y125
Y200
2Y50
4.19 2Y80
2Y125
3Y60
3Y80
2Y200
3Y100
2Y250
3Y150
4Y80
3Y200
4Y200
5Y125
5Y200
6Y150
6Y200
7Y250
8Y200
9Y150
8Y250
9Y200
 3 WIRES + GROUND(ALL THHN)

CB WIRES&CONDUITS
20 USE: 4-3.5mm² THHN in 16mmØ (½"Ø) IMC PIPE
30 USE: 3-5.5mm² THHN & 1-3.5mm² THHN in 16mmØ (½"Ø) IMC PIPE
40 USE: 3-8mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (3/4"Ø) IMC PIPE
50 USE: 3-8mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (3/4"Ø) IMC PIPE
60 USE: 3-14mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (3/4"Ø) IMC PIPE
70 USE: 3-22mm² THHN & 1-8mm² THHN in 27mmØ (1"Ø) IMC PIPE
100 USE: 3-30mm² THHN & 1-8mm² THHN in 35mmØ (1¼"Ø) IMC PIPE
125 USE: 3-38mm² THHN & 1-14mm² THHN in 41mmØ (1½"Ø) IMC PIPE
150 USE: 3-50mm² THHN & 1-14mm² THHN in 41mmØ (1½"Ø) IMC PIPE
175 USE: 3-60mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
200 USE: 3-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
225 USE: 3-100mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
250 USE: 3-125mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
300 USE: 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 2 SETS, 3-50mm² THHN & 1-14mm² THHN in 41mmØ (1½"Ø) IMC PIPE
400 USE: 2 SETS, 3-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
500 USE: 2 SETS, 3-125mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 3 SETS, 60mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
600 USE: 3 SETS, 3-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 2 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
700 USE: 3 SETS, 3-100mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 2 SETS, 3-250mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
800 USE: 3 SETS, 3-150mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN IN 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 4 SETS, 3-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
1000 USE: 3 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
1200 USE: 4 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 5 SETS, 3-125mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
1600 USE: 5 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 6 SETS, 3-150mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN IN 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
2000 USE: 6 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
2500 USE: 7 SETS, 3-250mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 8 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 9 SETS, 3-150mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN IN 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
3000 USE: 8 SETS, 3-250mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 9 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
 2 WIRES
@40°C TOTAL AREA JAM RATIO COMPUTATION CODE
27.30 34.324 5.09 Y3.5
36.40 49.681 5.26 Y5.5
50.05 84.44 3.99 Y8
50.05 84.44 3.99 Y8
68.25 111.74 3.39 Y14
86.45 183.09 3.41 Y22
118.30 247.74 2.88 3.77 Y30
136.50 335.11 3.25 3.77 Y38
154.70 391.81 3.46 Y50
177.45 483.36 3.16 4.04 Y60
204.75 571.56 3.68 Y80
236.60 701.11 3.35 3.81 Y100
263.90 843.01 3.02 3.59 Y125
345.80 1254.6 2.96 3.68 Y200
309.40 2Y50
409.50 3.41 4.19 2Y80
527.80 2Y125
532.35 3Y60
614.25 3Y80
691.60 2Y200
709.80 3Y100
782.60 1488.6 3.35 2Y250
873.60 966.61 3.34 3Y150
819.00 4Y80
1037.40 3Y200
1383.20 4Y200
1319.50 5Y125
1729.00 5Y200
1747.20 6Y150
2074.80 6Y200
2739.10 7Y250
2766.40 8Y200
2620.80 9Y150
3130.40 8Y250
3112.20 9Y200
4 WIRES + GROUND(ALL THHN)(SAME WITH 3WIRES + GROUND)
CB WIRES&CONDUITS
20 USE: 5-3.5mm² THHN in 16mmØ (½"Ø) IMC PIPE
30 USE: 4-8mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (3/4"Ø) IMC PIPE
40 USE: 4-8mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (3/4"Ø) IMC PIPE
50 USE: 4-14mm² THHN & 1-5.5mm² THHN in 21mmØ (3/4"Ø) IMC PIPE
60 USE: 4-22mm² THHN & 1-8mm² THHN in 27mmØ (1"Ø) IMC PIPE
70 USE: 4-30mm² THHN & 1-8mm² THHN in 35mmØ (1¼"Ø) IMC PIPE
100 USE: 4-38mm² THHN & 1-14mm² THHN in 41mmØ (1½"Ø) IMC PIPE
125 USE: 4-60mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
150 USE: 4-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
175 USE: 4-100mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
200 USE: 4-125mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
225 USE: 4-150mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN IN 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
250 USE: 4-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
300 USE: 2 SETS, 4-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 4-250mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
400 USE: 2 SETS, 4-125mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 3 SETS, 4-60mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
500 USE: 2 SETS, 4-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
600 USE: 3 SETS, 4-150mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN IN 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 4 SETS, 4-80mm² THHN & 1-22mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
700 USE: 4 SETS, 4-100mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 53mmØ (2"Ø) IMC PIPE
800 USE: 3 SETS, 4-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
1000 USE: 4 SETS, 4-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 5 SETS, 4-125mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN in 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
1200 USE: 5 SETS, 4-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 6 SETS, 4-150mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN IN 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
1600 USE: 6 SETS, 4-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
2000 USE: 7 SETS, 4-250mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
USE: 9 SETS, 4-150mm² THHN & 1-30mm² THHN IN 63mmØ (2½"Ø) IMC PIPE
2500 USE: 8 SETS, 4-250mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
3000 USE: 10 SETS, 4-250mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE

USE: 9 SETS, 3-200mm² THHN & 1-50mm² THHN in 78mmØ (3"Ø) IMC PIPE
 2 WIRES
@40°C TOTAL AREA JAM RATIO COMPUTATION CODE
21.84 42.905 5.09
40.04 108.05 3.99
40.04 108.05 3.99
54.60 144.45 3.39
69.16 236.25 3.41
94.64 322.45 2.88 3.77
109.20 435.91 3.25 3.77
141.96 626.76 3.16 4.04
163.80 744.36 3.68
189.28 909.91 3.35 3.81
211.12 1099.11 3.02 3.59
232.96 1263.91 3.34
276.64 1632.9 2.96 3.68
327.60 3.41 4.19
313.04
422.24
425.88
553.28
698.88
655.20
757.12
829.92
1106.56
1055.60
1383.20
1397.76
1659.84
2191.28
2096.64
2504.32
3130.40

2489.76 9Y200
 LOAD SCHEDULE
EQUIPMENT AMPERE RATING REFERENCE AMPERE
M.O. 1800W 8.18
WM 3.6 @ALL UNITS(1/3HP),4.9@ROOFDECK(1/2HP) 3.60
EF 0.22 0.22
REF 3.6 3.60
WH 3300W 15.00
RANGE+HOOD 3000W + .22 13.64
FACP 5 5.00
EL 2x20W/(220x.55) 0.33
EXIT LIGHT 8/(220x.55) 0.07
ACU 3/4 HP 6.90
HAND DRYER 10.00

LIGHTINGS
1/40W FL 0.393 SEE TABLE 0.39
PAR 38-1/60W 60/220 0.27
PLC-1/13W 0.112 SEE TABLE 0.11
ELEVATOR 25HP 3PH

SQUARE ROOT OF 3 1.73

http://www.dieselserviceandsupply.com/Power_Calculator.aspx

1 ton = 12,000 BTU/hr

12,000 BTU/hr = 3.514kW

Therefore 1 ton = 3.514kW

and 5 tons = 17.57kW

 4.90

13.86
 kcmil mm2 Computing Airconditioning room
kcmil to 14 27.62431
mm2 Volume (V) C1 Cubic ft.
LxWxH 1440
mm2 kcmil 240
mm2 to 2 1.0136 Number of People
kcmil 3

TON HP Ton HP
1 4.7641141 5 23.82057

BTU/hr Watt
1 0.293
C2 BTU/hr Airconditioning Requirement
1500 2940
Note: supply values of a, b, c, x2 & x3

KW Amperes

a 0.093 x1 ?

b 0.124 x2 2.20

c 0.187 x3 2.90

x1 1.86

Note: supply values of a, b, c, x1 & x3

HP or KW Amperes

a 4.000 x1 7.70

b 5.000 x2 ?

c 5.500 x3 8.50

x2 8.23
0.16756

Note: supply values of a, b, c, x1 & x3 @ same KW or HP

VOLTS Amperes

a 230.000 x1 22.00

b 400.000 x2 ?

c 460.000 x3 11.00

x2 13.87

1
 Single Phase Motors Three Phase 4 Pole Motors 50/60hz
kW hp 220V 240V kW hp 220-230V 380-400V 415V
A A A A A
0.37 0.5 3.9 3.6 0.37 0.5 1.8 1.03 -
0.55 0.75 5.2 4.8 0.55 0.75 2.75 1.6 -
0.75 1 6.6 6.1 0.75 1 3.5 2 2
1.1 1.5 9.6 8.8 1.1 1.5 4.4 2.6 2.5
1.5 2 12.7 11.7 1.5 2 6.1 3.5 3.5
1.8 2.5 15.7 14.4 2.2 3 8.7 5 5
2.2 3 18.6 17.7 3 4 11.5 6.6 6.5
3 4 24.3 22.2 3.7 5 13.5 7.7 7.5
4 5.5 29.6 27.1 4 5.5 14.5 8.5 8.4
4.4 6 34.7 31.8 5.5 7.5 20 11.5 11
5.2 7 39.8 36.5 7.5 10 27 15.5 14
5.5 7.5 42.2 38.7 9 12 32 18.5 17
6 8 44.5 40.8 10 13.5 35 20 -
7 9 49.5 45.4 11 15 39 22 21
7.5 10 54.4 50 15 20 52 30 28
18.5 25 65 37 35
22 30 75 44 40
25 35 85 52 47
30 40 103 60 55
33 45 113 68 60
37 50 126 72 66
40 54 134 79 71
45 60 150 85 80
51 70 170 98 90
55 75 182 105 100
59 80 195 112 105
63 85 203 117 115
75 100 240 138 135
80 110 260 147 138
90 125 295 170 165
100 136 325 188 182
110 150 356 205 200
129 175 420 242 230
132 180 425 245 240
140 190 450 260 250
147 200 472 273 260
150 205 483 280 270
160 220 520 300 280
180 245 578 333 320
185 250 595 342 325
200 270 626 370 340
220 300 700 408 385
250 340 800 460 425
257 350 826 475 450
280 380 900 510 475
295 400 948 546 500
300 410 980 565 510
315 430 990 584 535
335 450 1100 620 550
355 480 1150 636 580
375 500 1180 670 610
400 545 1250 710 650
425 580 1330 760 690
445 600 1400 790 730
450 610 1410 800 740
475 645 1490 850 780
500 680 1570 900 820
e Motors 50/60hz
440V 500V 660-690V Note: supply values of a, b, c, x2 & x3
A A A
0.99 1 0.6 KW Amperes
1.36 1.21 0.9
1.68 1.5 1.1 a 0.100 x1 ?
2.37 2 1.5
3.06 2.6 2 b 0.124 x2 2.20
4.42 3.8 2.8
5.77 5 3.8 c 0.187 x3 2.90
7.1 5.9 4.4
7.9 6.5 4.9
10.4 9 6.6 x1 1.93
13.7 12 8.9
16.9 13.9 10.6
- 15 11.5
20.1 18.4 14 Note: supply values of a, b, c, x1 & x3
26.5 23 17.3
32.8 28.5 21.3 HP or KW Amperes
39 33 25.4
45.3 39.4 30.3 a 5.500 x1 11.50
51.5 45 34.6
58 50 39 b 5.600 x2 ?
64 55 42
67 60 44 c 7.500 x3 15.50
76 65 49
83 75 57
90 80 61 x2 11.70
97 85 66
109 89 69
125 105 82
131 112
146 129 98
162 143 107
178 156 118
209 184 135
215 187 140
227 200 145
236 207 152
246 210 159
256 220 170
289 254 190
295 263 200
321 281 215
353 310 235
401 360 274
412 365 280
450 400 305
473 416 320
481 420 325
505 445 337
518 472 355
549 500 370
575 527 395
611 540 410
650 574 445
680 595 455
690 608 460
730 645 485
780 680 515
Note: To use, just fill data on colored cells only!!!

Given: assume Y-connected load

Vline to line
Iline to line
Circuit length, km (exclude the neutral wire)
R75°C in ohms
XL in ohms
Power Factor or Cosθ (default = 0.85)
αCU=0.00323
αAL=0.00330

Solution:

R40°C=R75°C [1+(0.00323)(40-75)]

Ze = R40°CCosq+XLSinq

Voltage drop line to neutral = Ze x Iline to neutral x Circuit length

Voltage drop line to line = √3 x Voltage dropline to neutral

% Voltage drop line to line = (Voltage dropline to line / Vline to line) x 100

Load voltage line to line =

% Voltage drop line to neutral = (Voltage dropline to neutral / Vline to neutral) x 100

Load voltage line to neutral =

 230.00 Volts
315.03 Amperes
0.180000 km
0.089000 Ω-N/km
0.12800 Ω-N/km
0.85000
0.00323
0.00330

0.07894 Ω/km

0.13453 Ω/km

7.63 volts

13.21 volts

5.74 %

216.79 volts

5.74 %

125.16 volts
 17.8 x L x I L (Cable length, meter)
Voltage Drop 3 phase (4W) 1000 (S) I (full load current, A)
17.8 187 9.78 S (size of wire, mm)
1000 5.5 5.5
Voltage Drop 3 phase 5.92

VD 5.92 eV
100
230 V
VD 2.573416 %

35.6 x L x I
Voltage Drop 1 phase 1000 (S)
35.6 187 9.78
1000 14
Voltage Drop 1 phase 4.65

VD 4.65 eV
100
230 V
VD 2.021969 %

30.8 x L x I
Voltage Drop 3 phase (3W) 1000 (S)
30.8 187 9.78
1000 14
Voltage Drop 3 phase 4.02

VD 4.02 eV
100
230 V
VD 1.749344 %
Table 430.248 Full-Load Currents in Amperes, Single-Phase
Alternating-Current Motors
115 200
Horsepower KW
Volts Volts
⅙ 0.124 4.4 2.5
¼ 0.187 5.8 3.3
⅓ 0.249 7.2 4.1
½ 0.373 9.8 5.6
¾ 0.560 13.8 7.9
1 0.746 16 9.2
1½ 1.119 20 11.5
2 1.492 24 13.8
3 2.238 34 19.6
5 3.730 56 32.2
7½ 5.595 80 46
10 7.460 100 57.5
 Note: supply values of a, b, c, x2 & x3

208 230 KW Amperes

Volts Volts
2.4 2.2 a 0.063 x1 ?
3.2 2.9
4 3.6 b 0.124 x2 2.20
5.4 4.9
7.6 6.9 c 0.187 x3 2.90
8.8 8
11 10
13.2 12 x1 1.52
18.7 17
30.8 28 Note: supply values of a, b, c, x1 & x3
44 40
55 50
HP or KW Amperes

a 0.124 x1 2.50

b 0.150 x2 ?

c 0.187 x3 3.30

x2 2.83

Note: supply values of a, b, c, x1 & x3 @ same KW or HP

Table 430.249 Full-Load Current, Two-Phase Alternating Current Motors (4-Wire)
Induction-Type Squirrel Cage and
Wound Rotor (Amperes)
115 230 460 575 2300
Horsepower
Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts
1/2 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 -
3/4 4.8 2.4 1.2 1.0 -
1 6.4 3.2 1.6 1.3 -
1 1/2 9.0 4.5 2.3 1.8 -
2 11.8 5.9 3.0 2.4 -
3 - 8.3 4.2 3.3 -
5 - 13.2 6.6 5.3 -
7 1/2 - 19 9 8 -
10 - 24 12 10 -
15 - 36 18 14 -
20 - 47 23 19 -
25 - 59 29 24 -
30 - 69 35 28 -
40 - 90 45 36 -
50 - 113 56 45 -
60 - 133 67 53 14
75 - 166 83 66 18
100 - 218 109 87 23
125 - 270 135 108 28
150 - 312 156 125 32
200 - 416 208 167 43
Table 430.250 Full-Load Current, Three-Phase Alternating Current Motors
Induction-Type Squirrel Cage and Synchronous-Type Unity Power
Wound Rotor (Amperes) Factor* (Amperes)
115 200 208 230 460 575 2300 230 460 575 2300
Horsepower KW
Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts Volts
1/2 0.373 4.4 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.1 9.0 - - - - -
3/4 0.560 6.4 3.7 3.5 3.2 1.6 1.3 - - - - -
1 0.746 8.4 4.8 4.6 4.2 2.1 1.7 - - - - -
1 1/2 1.119 12.0 6.9 6.6 6.0 3.0 2.4 - - - - -
2 1.492 13.6 7.8 7.5 6.8 3.4 2.7 - - - - -
3 2.238 11 10.6 9.6 4.8 3.9 - - - - -
5 3.730 17.5 16.7 15.2 7.6 6.1 - - - - -
7 1/2 5.595 - 25.3 24.2 22 11 9 - - - - -
10 7.460 - 32.2 30.8 28 14 11 - - - - -
15 11.190 - 48.3 46.2 42 21 17 - - - - -
20 14.920 - 62.1 59.4 54 27 22 - - - - -
25 18.650 - 78.2 74.8 68 34 27 - 53 26 21 -
30 22.380 - 92 88 80 40 32 - 63 32 26 -
40 29.840 - 120 114 104 52 41 - 83 41 33 -
50 37.300 - 150 143 130 65 52 - 104 52 42 -
60 44.760 - 177 169 154 77 62 16 123 61 49 12
75 55.950 - 221 211 192 96 77 20 155 78 62 15
100 74.600 - 285 273 248 124 99 26 202 101 81 20
125 93.250 - 359 343 312 156 125 31 253 126 101 25
150 111.900 - 414 396 360 180 144 37 302 151 121 30
200 149.200 - 552 528 480 240 192 49 400 201 161 40
250 186.500 - - - - 302 242 60 - - - -
300 223.800 - - - - 361 289 72 - - - -
350 261.100 - - - - 414 336 83 - - - -
400 298.400 - - - - 477 382 95 - - - -
450 335.700 - - - - 515 412 103 - - - -
500 373.000 - - - - 590 472 118 - - - -

* For 90 and 80 percent power factor, the figures shall be multiplied by 1.1 and 1.25 respectively.

FLC 746 HP 1.732 Voltage pf Eff

FLC = 8.97324865 10 480 1 1

14
Note: supply values of a, b, c, x2 & x3

KW Amperes

a 0.065 x1 ?

b 0.124 x2 2.20

c 0.187 x3 2.90

x1 1.54 400 480

30 x

Note: supply values of a, b, c, x1 & x3 36 45

HP or KW Amperes

a 10.000 x1 28.00

b 12.000 x2 ?

c 15.000 x3 42.00

3 phase:
x2 33.60 Full load current=(746*hp)/(1.732*V*pf*eff) or KW/(1.732*v*pf*eff)
hp=horse power
v =Voltage
pf=Power factor
ef=efficiency
1 hp=745.7 W=0.746 kw

In previous posts i have explained about electrical drawings, electrical panel comp
Before that i will expalin how to find out the cable current rating.
or KW / 1732 Voltage pf eff 1.Incoming suppy cable rating.
0.02 40 1 1 1 Motor Full load current * 1.2
2.Inside cables – Motor circuit cable rating.
Motor full load current * 0.7
f*eff) or KW/(1.732*v*pf*eff)

l drawings, electrical panel component etc.. For smooth working of motor which is connected to the mcc panel, cable size selection has an important role. We have to consider lot of things for selecting a prop
e current rating.
r lot of things for selecting a proper cable, like motor rating (Kilowatt,Horse power),Voltage(230v, 415 v etc.),Phase(Single, 3 phase),Temperature, Distance between motor and mcc.
Phase Shift
Connection
(Deg)
0 Yy0 Dd0 Dz0
30 lag Yd1 Dy1 Yz1
60 lag Dd2 Dz2
120 lag Dd4 Dz4
150 lag Yd5 Dy5 Yz5
 180 lag Yy6 Dd6 Dz6
150 lead Yd7 Dy7 Yz7
120 lead Dd8 Dz8
60 lead Dd10 Dz10
30 lead Yd11 Dy11 Yz11

http://electrical4u.com/backup-protection-of-transformer-over-current-and-earth-fault/
http://electrical4u.com/over-current-relay-working-principle-types/
http://electrical4u.com/magnetizing-inrush-current-in-power-transformer/
http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/importance-of-transformer-inrush-current
http://sites.ieee.org/fw-pes/files/2013/01/transfguide.pdf
http://www.clarke-energy.com/gas-engines/island-mode-operation/
https://forums.cat.com/t5/Power-Generation-Site-Design/Gensets-amp-Transformers/td-p/132

The insulation rating is the maximum allowable winding (hot spot) temperature of a transformer operating at an ambient tem

Insulation Insulation Average WiHot Spot TMaximum Winding Temperature

Class 105 A 55 degree 65 degree 105 degree C
Class 150 B 80 degree 110 degree150 degree C
Class 180 F 115 degree145 degree180 degree C
Class 200 N 130 degree160 degree200 degree C
Class 220 H 150 degree180 degree220 degree C

Note: the maximum acceptable temperature rise based on an average ambient of 30 degree C during any 24 hour period a
*Please mind:
Secundary star circuit allows load on neutral wire.

*Parallel connection of transformers must comply to following criteria:

1. Nominal voltage and rated frequency
2. Circuit design
3. Short circuit voltages 4.
Ratio of rated loads should not extend 3:1

Phase Displacement between HV and LV Windings:

The vector for the high voltage winding is taken as the reference vector. Displacement of
the vectors of other windings from the reference vector, with anticlockwise rotation, is
represented by the use of clock hour figure.
IS: 2026 (Part 1V)-1977 gives 26 sets of connections star-star, star-delta, and star zigzag,
delta-delta, delta star, delta-zigzag, zigzag star, zigzag-delta. Displacement of the low
voltage winding vector varies from zero to -330° in steps of -30°, depending on the
method of connections.
Hardly any power system adopts such a large variety of connections. Some of the
commonly used connections with phase displacement of 0, -300, -180″ and -330° (clock-
hour setting 0, 1, 6 and 11).
Symbol for the high voltage winding comes first, followed by the symbols of windings in
diminishing sequence of voltage. For example a 220/66/11 kV Transformer connected
star, star and delta and vectors of 66 and 11 kV windings having phase displacement of 0°
and -330° with the reference (220 kV) vector will be represented As Yy0 – Yd11.
The digits (0, 1, 11 etc) relate to the phase displacement between the HV and LV windings
using a clock face notation. The phasor representing the HV winding is taken as reference
and set at 12 o’clock. Phase rotation is always anti-clockwise. (International adopted).
Use the hour indicator as the indicating phase displacement angle. Because there are 12
hours on a clock, and a circle consists out of 360°, each hour represents 30°.Thus 1 =
30°, 2 = 60°, 3 = 90°, 6 = 180° and 12 = 0° or 360°.
The minute hand is set on 12 o’clock and replaces the line to neutral voltage (sometimes
imaginary) of the HV winding. This position is always the reference point.
Example:
Digit 0 =0° that the LV phasor is in phase with the HV phasor
Digit 1 =30° lagging (LV lags HV with 30°) because rotation is anti-clockwise.
Digit 11 = 330° lagging or 30° leading (LV leads HV with 30°)
Digit 5 = 150° lagging (LV lags HV with 150°)
Digit 6 = 180° lagging (LV lags HV with 180°)
When transformers are operated in parallel it is important that any phase shift is the same
through each. Paralleling typically occurs when transformers are located at one site and
connected to a common bus bar (banked) or located at different sites with the secondary
terminals connected via distribution or transmission circuits consisting of cables and
overhead lines.
perating at an ambient temperature of 40°C. Insulation systems are classified by the temperature rating. The following table summarize

uring any 24 hour period and a maximum ambient of 40 degree C at any time.
g. The following table summarizes the different insulation systems available.
If we size the XLPE cable for this posting, the rated current at the primary side is 33.47 Amp. Using the PEC table below, for MV-90 the minimum conductor size is 14.0 mm2.

However, we need also to check the short circuit capability of the 14 mm2 XLPE cable. Per actual local practice minimum size required by MERALCO is 1c X 50 mm2 XLPE per

http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/9-recommended-practices-for-grounding

www.generatorjoe.neet/html/genrate.asp
imum conductor size is 14.0 mm2.

MERALCO is 1c X 50 mm2 XLPE per electrical duct.

2000000va / 1.73x34500v=33.47 ampere

Power line (34.5KV, 3P) going to Customers 2MVA, 34.5kVA, 240V transformer
Clearance from Outdoor Liquid Insulated Transformers to Buildings (NEC)

Liquid
Less Flammable
<38 m3
>38 m3
Mineral Oil
1.9 m3 to 19 m3
> 19 m3

Clearance between Two Outdoor Liquid Insulated Transformers (NEC)

Liquid
Less Flammable
<38 m3
>38 m3
Mineral Oil
1.9 m3 to 19 m3
> 19 m3

Dry Type Transformer in Indoor Installation (NES 420.21)

Voltage
Up to 112.5 KVA
Above 112.5 KVA
Above 112.5 KVA with Class 155 Insulation

Dry Type Transformer in Outdoor Installation (NES 420.22)

Voltage
Above 112.5 KVA with Class 155 Insulation

Non Flammable Liquid-Insulated Transformer in Indoor Installation (NES 420.21)

Voltage
Over 35KV
Above 112.5 KVA
Above 112.5 KVA (Class 155 Insulation)

Oil Insulated Transformer in Indoor Installation (NES 420.25)

Voltage
Up to 112.5 KVA
Up to 10 KVA & Up to 600V
Up to 75 KVA & Up to 600V
Furnace transformers (Up to 75 kVA)

Transformer Clearance from Building (IEEE Stand)

Transformer
Up to 75 KVA
75 KVA to 333 KVA
More than 333 KVA

Transformer Clearance Specifications (Stand: Georgia Power Company)

Description of Clearance
Clearance in front of the transformer
Between Two pad mounted transformers (including Cooling fin)
Between Transformer and Trees, shrubs, vegetation( for unrestricted natural cooling )
The edge of the concrete transformer pad to nearest the building
The edge of the concrete transformer pad to nearest building wall, windows, or other opening
Clearance from the transformer to edge of (or Canopy) building (3 or less stories)
Clearance in front of the transformer doors and on the left side of the transformer, looking at it
Gas service meter relief vents.
Fire sprinkler values, standpipes and fire hydrants
The water’s edge of a swimming pool or any body of water.
Facilities used to dispense hazardous liquids or gases
Facilities used to store hazardous liquids or gases
Clear vehicle passageway at all times, immediately adjacent of Transformer
Fire safety clearances can be reduced by building a suitable masonry fire barrier wall (2.7 Meter wide and 4.5 Meter Tall) 0.9 M
Front of the transformer must face away from the building.

Clearance of Transformer-Cable-Overhead Line (Stand: Georgia Power Company)

Description of Clearance
to pad-mounted transformers
Fuel tanks
Granaries
Homes
Barns, sheds, garages
Water wells
Antennas

In world markets, standard density ranges vary with oil density ratios ranging between (0.84-0.89) × 103 kg / m3. Other
http://www.thecalculatorsite.com/conversions/substances/oil.php

http://www.electricaltechnology.org/2014/04/electrical-wire-cable-size-calculator.html
Liquid Volume (m3) Fire Resistant Wall Non-Combustible Wall Combustible Wall Vertical Distance
NA 0.9 Meter 0.9 Meter 0.9 Meter 0.9 Meter
1.5 Meter 1.5 Meter 7.6 Meter 7.6 Meter
4.6 Meter 4.6 Meter 15.2 Meter 15.2 Meter
<1.9 m3 1.5 Meter 4.6 Meter 7.6 Meter 7.6 Meter
4.6 Meter 7.6 Meter 15.2 Meter 15.2 Meter
7.6 Meter 15.2 Meter 30.5 Meter 30.5 Mete

Liquid Volume (m3) Distance

NA 0.9 Meter
1.5 Meter
7.6 Meter
<1.9 m3 1.5 Meter
7.6 Meter
15.2 Meter

Distance (min)
300 mm (12 in.) from combustible material unless separated from the combustible material by a heat-insulated barrier.
Installed in a transformer room of fire-resistant construction.
separated from a fire-resistant barrier not less than 1.83 m (6 ft) horizontally and 3.7 m (12 ft) vertically

Distance (min)
separated from a fire-resistant barrier not less than 1.83 m (6 ft) horizontally and 3.7 m (12 ft) vertically

Distance (min)
Installed indoors Vault (Having liquid confinement area and a pressure-relief vent for absorbing any gases generated by arcing
Installed in a transformer room of fire-resistant construction.

Distance (min)
Installed indoors Vault (With construction of reinforced concrete that is not less than 100 mm (4 in.) thick.
Vault shall not be required if suitable arrangements are made to prevent a transformer oil fire from igniting
Vault shall not be required if where the surrounding Structure is classified as fire-resistant construction.

Distance from Building (min)

3.0 Meter
6.0 Meter
 9.0 Meter

Distance (min)
3.0 Meter
2.1 Meter
3.0 Meter
4.2 Meter
3.0 Meter
3.0 Meter
3.0 Meter
0.9 Meter
1.8 Meter
4.5 Meter
6.0 Meter
3.0 Meter
3.6 Meter
all (2.7 Meter wide and 4.5 Meter Tall) 0.9 Meter from the back or side of the Pad Mounted Transformer to the side of the combustible wall

Horizontal Distance (mm)

to buried HV cable to overhead HV Line
7.5 Meter 1.5 Meter 7.5 Meter
6.0 Meter 0.6 Meter 15 Meter
6.0 Meter 0.6 Meter 15 Meter
6.0 Meter 0.6 Meter 15 Meter
1.5 Meter 1.5 Meter 15 Meter
3.0 Meter 0.6 Meter Height of Antenna + 3.0 Meter

g between (0.84-0.89) × 103 kg / m3. Other factors effecting density include chemical composition, heat, thermal conductivity, visc

91.67 kg/m3
Cable sizing
eat-insulated barrier.

ny gases generated by arcing inside the tank, the pressure-relief vent shall be connected to a chimney or flue that will carry such gases to a
e side of the combustible wall

at, thermal conductivity, viscosity, kinematic and dynamic thermal diffusivity. Transformer oil
that will carry such gases to an environmentally safe area
CABLE
TRAY
NEMA Description Equivalent
Ratings IP Ratings
Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to
1 personnel against access to hazardous parts and to provide a degree of protection IP 10
of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects
(falling dirt).

Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to

2 personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of IP 11
the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling
dirt); and to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the
equipment due to the ingress of water (dripping and light splashing).

Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign
3 objects (falling dirt and windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with IP 54
respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet,
snow); and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the
enclosure.

Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
3R protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign IP 14
objects (falling dirt); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects
on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow); and that will be
undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.

Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
3S protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign IP 54
objects (falling dirt and windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with
respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet,
snow); and for which the external mechanism(s) remain operable when ice laden.

Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
3X protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign IP 54
objects (falling dirt and windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with
respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet,
snow); that provides an additional level of protection against corrosion and that will
be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.

Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign
3RX objects (falling dirt); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects IP 14
on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow); that will be
undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure that provides an
additional level of protection against corrosion; and that will be undamaged by the
external formation of ice on the enclosure.

Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
3SX protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign IP 54
objects (falling dirt and windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with
respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet,
snow); that provides an additional level of protection against corrosion; and for
which the external mechanism(s) remain operable when ice laden.

Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign
4 objects (falling dirt and windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with IP 65
respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet,
snow, splashing water, and hose directed water); and that will be undamaged by
the external formation of ice on the enclosure.

Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign
4X objects (windblown dust); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful IP 65
effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water (rain, sleet, snow, splashing
water, and hose directed water); that provides an additional level of protection
against corrosion; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on
the enclosure.

Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to

personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of
5 the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling IP 52
dirt and settling airborne dust, lint, fibers, and flyings); and to provide a degree of
protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of
water (dripping and light splashing).
 Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of
protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
6 protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign IP 67
objects (falling dirt); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects
on the equipment due to the ingress of water (hose directed water and the entry of
water during occasional temporary submersion at a limited depth); and that will be
undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure.

Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign
6P objects (falling dirt); to provide a degree of protection with respect to harmful effects IP 67
on the equipment due to the ingress of water (hose directed water and the entry of
water during prolonged submersion at a limited depth); that provides an additional
level of protection against corrosion and that will be undamaged by the external
formation of ice on the enclosure.
Enclosures constructed for indoor use in hazardous (classified) locations classified
7 --
as Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C, or D as defined in NFPA 70.
Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use in hazardous (classified)
8 locations classified as Class I, Division 1, Groups A, B, C, and D as defined in --
NFPA 70.
Enclosures constructed for indoor use in hazardous (classified) locations classified
9 --
as Class II, Division 1, Groups E, F, or G as defined in NFPA 70.
Enclosures constructed to meet the requirements of the Mine Safety and Health
10 --
Administration, 30 CFR, Part 18.

Enclosures constructed (without knockouts) for indoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
12 protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign IP 52
objects (falling dirt and circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings); and to provide a
degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the
ingress of water (dripping and light splashing).

Enclosures constructed (with knockouts) for indoor use to provide a degree of

protection to personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of
12K protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign IP 52
objects (falling dirt and circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings); and to provide a
degree of protection with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the
ingress of water (dripping and light splashing).

Enclosures constructed for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to

personnel against access to hazardous parts; to provide a degree of protection of
13 the equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of solid foreign objects (falling IP 54
dirt and circulating dust, lint, fibers, and flyings); to provide a degree of protection
with respect to harmful effects on the equipment due to the ingress of water
(dripping and light splashing); and to provide a degree of protection against the
spraying, splashing, and seepage of oil and non-corrosive coolants.

IP Ratings

osures. The rating is written as IP-"XY", where X and Y are replaced by the first and second numerals as listed in the table below.

First Description Second Description

Number Number
0 No special protection 0 No special protection
1 Protected against solid foreign objects of 50 mm diameter and greater 1 Protected against vertically falling water drops
2 Protected against solid foreign objects 12.5 mm diameter and greater 2 Protected agains vertically falling water drops when enclosure is tilted u
3 Protected against solid foreign objects of 2.5 mm diameter and greater 3 Protected against water sprayed at an angle uo to 60° on either side of
4 Protected against solid foreign objects of 1.0 mm diameter and greater 4 Protected against water splashed against component from any direction
5 Protected from the amount of dust that would interfere with normal operation 5 Protected against water projected in jets from any direction
6 Dust tight 6 Protected against water projected in powerful jets from any direction
7 Protected against temporary immersion in water
8 Protected against continuous immersion in water. or as specified by the
ops when enclosure is tilted up to 15°
le uo to 60° on either side of vertical
component from any direction
om any direction
rful jets from any direction

water. or as specified by the user

Load duty
Loads are classified according to their duty as either continuous, intermittent and standby loads:
1) Continuous loads are those that normally operate continuously over a 24 hour period, e.g.
process loads, control systems, lighting and small power distribution boards, UPS systems, etc
2) Intermittent loads that only operate a fraction of a 24 hour period, e.g. intermittent pumps and
process loads, automatic doors and gates, etc
3) Standby loads are those that are on standby or rarely operate under normal conditions, e.g.
standby loads, emergency systems, etc
Note that for redundant loads (e.g. 2 x 100% duty / standby motors), one is usually classified as
continuous and the other classified as standby. This if purely for the purposes of the load schedule
and does not reflect the actual operating conditions of the loads, i.e. both redundant loads will be
equally used even though one is classified as a standby load.

http://www.openelectrical.org/wiki/index.php?title=Load_Schedule

Step 2: Collect electrical load parameters

The following electrical load parameters were collected for the loads identified in Step
1:
Abs.
Load Description
Load
Vapour recovery compressor A 750kW
Vapour recovery compressor B 750kW
Recirculation pump A 31kW
Recirculation pump B 31kW
Sump pump 9kW
Firewater pump A 65kW
Firewater pump B 65kW
HVAC unit 80kW
AC UPS System 9kW
Normal lighting distribution board 7kW
Essential lighting distribution board 4kW
Step 3: Classify the loads
Suppose we have two voltage levels, 6.6kV and 415V. The loads can be classified as
follows:
Rated
Load Description
Load
Vapour recovery compressor A 800kW
Vapour recovery compressor B 800kW
Recirculation pump A 37kW
Recirculation pump B 37kW
Sump pump 11kW
Firewater pump A 75kW
Firewater pump B 75kW
HVAC unit 90kW

AC UPS System 12kW

Normal lighting distribution board 10kW

Essential lighting distribution board 5kW

Step 4: Calculate consumed load

Calculating the consumed loads for each of the loads in this example gives:
Abs
Load Description
Load
Vapour recovery compressor A 750kW
Vapour recovery compressor B 750kW
Recirculation pump A 31kW
Recirculation pump B 31kW
Sump pump 9kW
Firewater pump A 65kW
Firewater pump B 65kW
HVAC unit 80kW
AC UPS System 9kW
Normal lighting distribution board 7kW
Essential lighting distribution board 4kW
SUM TOTAL
Step 5: Calculate operating, peak and design loads
The operating, peak and design loads are calculated as follows:
P (kW)
Sum of continuous loads 936.6
50% x Sum of intermittent loads 5.4
10% x Sum of standby loads 97.3
Largest standby load 789.5
Operating load 942
Peak load 1,731.50
Design load 1,825.70

Step 4: Calculate consumed load

The consumed load is the quantity of electrical power that the load is expected to consume. For each load, calculate the co

Where
is the consumed active load (kW)

is the consumed reactive load (kVAr)

is the absorbed load (kW)
is the load efficiency (pu)
is the load power factor (pu)

Notice that the loads have been categorised into three columns depending on their load duty (continuous, intermittent or sta

ACCU
http://www.koppel.ph/customer-support/aircon-calculator/#.
http://www.praairconditioning.co.uk/pra-air-conditioning-calculator/
http://www.calculator.net/btu-calculator.html?roomwidth=25&roomwidthunit=meters&roomlength=25&roomlengthunit=meter
Air Conditioning Calculations - Rule Of Thumb

Calculating the cooling capacity needed for your room is a complicated process as there are many
factors to consider. However, there is a simple rule of thumb that you can use to estimate the
required cooling capacity for your room. Use this result to compare with the calculation done by the
air conditioning contractors for your own checking purposes.

Window Air Conditioner

Step 1

Find the volume of your room in cubic feet. This is done by measuring the length, width and height
of the room in feet and multiply all the three dimensions together.

Volume = Width X Length X Height (cubic feet)

Step 2
Multiply this volume by 6.

C1 = Volume X 6

Step 3
Estimate the number of people (N) that will usually occupy this room. Each person produces about
500 BTU/hr of heat for normal office-related activity. Multiply this two figures together.

C2 = N x 500 BTU/hr

Step 4
Add C1 and C2 together and you will get a very simplified cooling capacity needed for the room.

Estimated Cooling Capacity needed = C1 + C2 (BTU/hr)

 Rated
PF Eff.
Load
800kW 0.87 0.95
800kW 0.87 0.95
37kW 0.83 0.86
37kW 0.83 0.86
11kW 0.81 0.83
75kW 0.88 0.88
75kW 0.88 0.88
90kW 0.85 0.9
12kW 0.85 0.9
10kW 0.8 0.9
5kW 0.8 0.9

Voltage Duty Criticality

Continuo
6.6kV Normal
us
6.6kV Standby Normal
Continuo
415V Normal
us
415V Standby Normal
Intermitt
415V Normal
ent
415V Standby Essential
415V Standby Essential
Continuo
415V Normal
us
Continuo
415V Critical
us
Continuo
415V Normal
us
 Continuo
415V Essential
us

Continuous Intermittent Standby

PF Eff. Q Q Q
P (kW) P (kW) P (kW)
(kVAr) (kVAr) (kVAr)
0.87 0.95 789.5 447.4 - - - -
0.87 0.95 - - - - 789.5 447.4
0.83 0.86 36 24.2 - - - -
0.83 0.86 - - - - 36 24.2
0.81 0.83 - - 10.8 7.9 - -
0.88 0.88 - - - - 73.9 39.9
0.88 0.88 - - - - 73.9 39.9
0.85 0.9 88.9 55.1 - - - -
0.85 0.9 10 6.2 - - - -
0.8 0.9 7.8 5.8 - - - -
0.8 0.9 4.4 3.3 - - - -
936.6 542 10.8 7.9 973.3 551.4

Q (kW)
542 1828.8
4
55.1
447.4
546
993.4
1,047.90

ch load, calculate the consumed active and reactive loading, derived as follows:

nuous, intermittent or standby). This is done in order to make it visually easier to see the load duty and more importantly, to make it eas

5&roomlengthunit=meters&ceilingheight=6&ceilingheightunit=meters&insulation=good&temperature=50&temperatureunit=f&calctype=h
 789.4737

more importantly, to make it easier to sum the loads according to their duty (e.g. sum of all continuous loads), which is necessary to ca

0&temperatureunit=f&calctype=heat&x=56&y=11
), which is necessary to calculate the operating, peak and design loads.
The results of basic lumen method calculations are presented in Table 1.
System Lamps Lumens BF LLD LDD RSDD Burnout CU Luminaire
s
Classroom
T8 lens 2 3000 0.77 0.87 0.92 0.95 0.74 14.31
T5 HP 2 2780 0.75 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.82 13.64
LED HP 1 4000 1 0.79 0.92 1 0.92 14.96
Office
T8 lens 2 3000 1 0.87 0.92 0.95 0.45 1.98
T5 HP 2 2780 0.85 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.5 2.11
LED HP 1 5000 1 0.79 0.92 1 0.55 2
Table 1 – Comparison of Fluorescent and LED Troffer Lighting Systems in 1000 sf classroom and 100 sf office.

Creepage Multiplier 230 kV 33.02 mm/kV

69 kV 32.57 mm/kV
500 33.47
Choose Watts Total W/sf FC Final
Watts

15 48 720 0.72 39
15 45 675 0.68 41.2
15 36 540 0.54 40.1

2 64 128 1.28 41.4

2 60 120 1.2 38
2 50 100 1 40
 Illumination Schedule

Illumination Calculation Room Factor Index Coefficient of Utilization Efficacy of Various Lamps
Fixture Description CU Source Lumens per Watt
N x n x Φ x CU x MF (LFF) LxW Efficient fixture, large unit colored room 0.45 Candle 0.10
E = k =
A h (L + W) Average fixture, medium size room 0.35 Oil Lamp 0.30
Inefficient fixture, small or dark room 0.25 Original Edison Lamp 0.40
where : where : 1910 Edison Lamp 4.50
E = Maintained Illuminance (lux) k = Room factor (index) Maintenance Factor Modern Incandescent Lamp 14 - 20
EC = Required Illuminance (lux) L = Length of room (m) Fixture Description MF Tungsten Halogen Lamp 16 - 20
N = Number of luminaires W = Width of room (m) Enclosed fixture, clean room 0.80 Fluorescent Lamp 50 - 80
NC = Required Luminaires h = Luminaire to work plane height (m) Average condition 0.70 Mercury Lamp 40 - 70
n = Number of Lamp per Luminaires Open fixture or dirty room 0.60 Metal Halide Lamp 60 - 80
Φ = Luminous flux or initial lumen of lamp (lumens) Reflectances High Pressure Sodium Lamp 90 - 100
CU = Coefficient of Utilization ρcc (Ceiling) = 70%
MF (LLF) = Maintenance factor or Light loss factor ρw (Wall) = 70%
A = Area (m2) ρfc (Floor) = 10%

Room Condition Luminaire Specifications

Required
Color No. of lamps Maintenance Coefficient Required Maintained Maintained
Description Illuminance Room Factor Color Luminous
Dimension Height Reflectances rendering per Rating factor of Utilization Luminaires Luminaire Illuminance
Item No. (rev. 1) (Index) Type of Type of Temperature flux Remarks
Brand index luminaire
Luminaire Lamp
Working
Type of Room EC (lux) L (m) W (m) A (m )
2
H (m) h (m) k ρcc ρw ρfc K CRI or Ra n Wattage (W) Φ (lumens) (MF (LLF) CU NC (nos.) N (nos.) E (lux)
Plane

A Process Power Substation Building

Dust /
Fluorecent-Phillips
1 Cable Room (Basement) 80 43 21 903 2.5 0 2.5 5.64 0.70 0.70 0.10 Moisture Fluorecent Cool Daylight 6500 80 3 36 2340 0.65 0.35 45.23 60 106.12
Tube
Proof