FC311E

Intermediate Mathematics
Trigonometry
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Trigonometry
After studying this theme you should be able to:

• Find the length of an arc and the area of a sector

• Use trigonometry and Pythagoras’ theorem to find
missing angles or side lengths for a right-angled triangle
• Draw basic trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan)
• Solve trigonometric equations in a given interval
• Know and use the identities tan(x)=sin(x)/cos(x) and
sin2(x)+cos2(x)=1
Arcs, Sectors and Circles
 Arcs, Sectors and Circles
 In this session we will learn how to find the length of an arc and the
area of a sector.
You should be know how to find the circumference and the area of a circle.
𝑪
𝑨
𝒓 𝒓

The circumference 𝐶 of a circle is the The area 𝐴 of a circle is given by

distance all the way around the edge
of the circle. 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2

It is given by 𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟

where 𝑟 is the radius and 𝜋 = 3.14 …

You should also know that an angle can be measured in degrees.

The number of degrees in a full circle is 360° (“360 degrees”).

If I turn completely around to face back in the

same direction then I have turned through 360°.

If I turn half way to face in the opposite direction

I have turned 180°.

And if I only turn a quarter of the way to face to

the side I have turned 90° (also called a right-
angle.
 When we just have a “slice” of a circle we call it a
sector.

The arc length of the sector is the distance along

the curved edge.
50°
Clearly this will be less than the full circumference
of the circle. In fact we can find it using:

𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = × 2𝜋𝑟
360°

50°
In this case the arc length = ×2𝜋×6
360°

5
= 𝜋 = 5.2 …
3
 Similarly we can find the area of a sector using:

𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = × 𝜋𝑟 2
360°

50°
50° In this case the area = × 𝜋 × 62
360°

=5𝜋

= 15.7 …
Find the arc length and the area for the following sectors.

a) A sector of radius 𝑟 = 5 𝑐𝑚 with angle 30°.

b) A sector of radius 𝑟 = 12 𝑚 with angle 25°.

Find the arc length and the area for the following sectors.

a) A sector of radius 𝑟 = 5 𝑐𝑚 with angle 30°.

30 5𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = × 2𝜋 × 5 = = 2.62 𝑐𝑚
360 6

30 25𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = × 𝜋 × 52 = = 6.54 𝑐𝑚2
360 12

b) A sector of radius 𝑟 = 12 𝑚 with angle 25°.

25 5𝜋
𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = × 2𝜋 × 12 = = 5.24 𝑚
360 3

25
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = × 𝜋 × 122 = 10𝜋 = 31.4 𝑚2
360
 Radians
 In this session we will learn how to measure angles using radians
and how to solve trigonometric equations in radians.
 Radians
So far we have looked at trig using the units of degrees.

There is another unit we use for angles, which is important for

differentiation and integration next term.
 Radians
A radian is a unit used
to measure angles.
r r One Radian is the
angle that cuts out a
r length of the
circumference that’s
1 rad
equal to the radius
r
r
Radians
 Radians
Quick facts to remember!

There are π rads (or 3.14 rads) in half a circle,

and 2π rads in one full circle.

 radians 180
 Degrees to Radians Example
What is 30˚ in Radians?
 
30   rad
180 6
What is 90˚ in Radians?
 
90   rad
180 2
 Radians to Degrees Examples
What is π/3 rad in Degrees?
 180
  60
3 
What is 3π/2 rad in Degrees?
3 180
  270
2 
 Formulae

Conversion between degree and radian

(𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒, 𝜃 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛)
𝜋 180
𝜃= ∙𝑥 𝑥= ∙𝜃
180 𝜋
 Exercise
1. Write down the equivalent number of degrees
for the following number of radians:
  
(a) (b) 2(c) (d)
2 3 6
Ans: (a) 90  (b) 60  (c) 360  (d) 30 
It is very useful to memorize these conversions

2. Write down, as a fraction of , the number of

radians equal to the following:
(a) 60  (b) 45  (c) 120 (d) 30 
  
Ans: (a) (b) (c) 2 (d)
3 4 3 6
 Exercise

1. Find the arc length, l,

and area, A, of the
O
sector shown.
4 cm 2c
2. Find the perimeter of
the sector shown A

3. Find the arc length, l, and area, A, of the sector


of a circle of radius 8 cm, and sector
120angle .
 of
Give exact answers in terms .
Exercises

1. O
4 cm 2c
A

l
l  rθ  l  (4)(2)  8 cm.
A  12 r 2 θ  A  12 (4) 2 (2)  16 cm 2.

2. Perimeter = 2r + l
= 2(4) + 8 = 16cm
Exercises

3. Solution:
l  r where θ is in radians
 rads.  180 O

 rads. 8 cm 120

 60  A
3
 2  rads.
 120  l
3
2 16
So, l  rθ  l  8   l  cm.
3 3
2  2  64
cm 2 .
1
A 2r θ  A 
1 2 ( 8)    A
2  3  3
 Formulae

Length of an arc (𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒, 𝜃 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛)

𝑥
𝑙= 𝜋∙𝑟 𝑙 = 𝜃𝑟
180
Area of a sector (𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒, 𝜃 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛)
𝑥 1 2
𝐴= 𝜋𝑟 2 𝐴 = 𝜃𝑟
360 2
Pythagoras’ Theorem
 Pythagoras’ Theorem
 In this session we will learn how to use Pythagoras’ theorem to find
the length of a missing side given the length of the two other sides
of a right-angled triangle.
 A right-angled triangle is a triangle with one
angle which is 90°.

For these triangles, if we know the

length of 2 sides we can find the
c length of the 3rd side.
a
To do so we must use Pythagoras’
Theorem:

2 2 2
b 𝑐 =𝑎 +𝑏

where 𝑐 is the length of the longest

side (called the hypotenuse).
 For this particular triangle we have 𝑎
= 3, 𝑏 = 4

So, using 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

c we get 𝑐 2 = 32 + 42 = 25
3
Taking a square root to get rid of the
square gives
𝑐=5

4
 Not all triangles will give such nice
results. For this one
𝑐 = 52 + 72 = 74 = 8.602 …

c Usually the result will be a surd

expression.
5

7
Find the missing side length 𝑥 for the following.

2
𝑥
2
3

𝑥
5

7
𝑥

4
Find the missing side length 𝑥 for the following.

2
𝑥 = 34 2
3

𝑥= 22 + 22 = 8 = 2 2
5

7
𝑥= 72 − 42 = 33

Minus because finding a

shorter side length!
4
The Trigonometric Ratios
 The Trigonometric Ratios
 In this session we will learn how to use the trigonometric ratios
𝑠𝑖𝑛, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 and 𝑡𝑎𝑛 to find the length of sides and the angles for a right-
angled triangle.
The three trigonometric ratios tell us about the relationship between the
angles in a triangle and the length of its sides.
Given an angle 𝜃 in the triangle
(this is a Greek letter called “theta”)
we can give names to the sides of
the triangle…
Opposite

We already met the hypotenuse

(the longest side).

Now we can also refer to the

opposite (the side “opposite” the
𝜃 angle) and the adjacent (the side
“next to” the angle)
Adjacent
The three trigonometric ratios are defined by:

𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin 𝜃 =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
cos 𝜃 =
Opposite

𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
tan 𝜃 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝜃
Adjacent
 Find the values of sin(𝜃), cos 𝜃 and
tan 𝜃 for the triangle.

𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin 𝜃 =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
cos 𝜃 =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
5 𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
3 tan 𝜃 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝜃
4
 Find the values of sin(𝜃), cos 𝜃 and
tan 𝜃 for the triangle.

𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 3
sin 𝜃 = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5

𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 4
cos 𝜃 = =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
5 𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 3
3 tan 𝜃 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
=
4

𝜃
4
 If you know the value of a trigonometric ratio then you can use the inverse
trig function on your calculator to find the angle.
3
e.g. We had sin 𝜃 =
5

3
So 𝜃 = sin−1 = 36.9°
5
where sin-1 is the inverse sine function.

5
Check that you get the same
3 result using cos and tan.

𝜃
4
As well as using trigonometric ratios to find angles we can use them to find the
length of the sides of a triangle.

Pythagoras’ Theorem also allowed us to do this but we needed to know the

length of 2 sides to find the length of the 3rd side.

The trig ratios allow us to find the length of any side when we know the length
of 1 side and 1 angle (other than the right-angle!)
𝑂𝑝𝑝
We know sin 25° =
7 7
Opp

Rearranging we get 𝑂𝑝𝑝 = 7 sin 25° = 2.96

25°
Similarly, 𝐴𝑑𝑗 = 7cos(25°) = 6.34
Adj
a) Find the length 𝑥 for the following triangle.
5
𝑥

35°

b) Find the angle 𝑦.

4
5
𝑦°
a) Find the length 𝑥 for the following triangle.
5
𝑥 𝑥
sin 35° =
5
35°
𝑥 = 5 sin 35° = 2.87

b) Find the angle 𝑦.

4
cos 𝑦 =
5
4
5 4
𝑦° −1
𝑦 = cos = 36.9°
5
Area of a Triangle
Area of a Triangle
ABC is a non-right angled triangle.
a, b and c are the sides opposite angles A, B and C
respectively. ( This is a conventional C
way of labelling a triangle ).

b a

A B
c
Area of a Triangle

Any side can be used as the base, so

Area = 1 ab sin C = 1 bc sin A = 1 ca sin B

2 2 2

• The formula always uses 2

sides and the angle formed
by those sides
Area of a Triangle

Any side can be used as the base, so

Area = 1 ab sin C = 1 bc sin A = 1 ca sin B

2 2 2
C
• The formula always uses 2
sides and the angle formed
by those sides b a

A c B
Area of a Triangle

Any side can be used as the base, so

Area = 1 ab sin C = 1 bc sin A = 1 ca sin B

2 2 2
C
• The formula always uses 2
sides and the angle formed
by those sides b a

A c B
Area of a Triangle

Any side can be used as the base, so

Area = 1 ab sin C = 1 bc sin A = 1 ca sin B

2 2 2
C
• The formula always uses 2
sides and the angle formed
by those sides b a

A c B
Example

1. Find the area of the triangle PQR.

R
Solution: We must use
80  the angle formed by the
8 cm 2 sides with the given
lengths.
36  64 
P 7 cm Q
Example

1. Find the area of the triangle PQR.

R
Solution: We must use
80  the angle formed by the
8 cm 2 sides with the given
lengths.
36  64 
P 7 cm Q
We know PQ and RQ so use angle Q
Example

1. Find the area of the triangle PQR.

R
Solution: We must use
80  the angle formed by the
8 cm 2 sides with the given
lengths.
36  64 
P 7 cm Q
We know PQ and RQ so use angle Q

 Area  21 (7) ( 8) sin 64

 25  2 cm2 (3 s.f.)
Area of a Triangle

A useful application of this formula occurs when we

have a triangle formed by 2 radii and a chord of a
circle.

Area  21 a b sin C
A
r
 Area  1 r r sin 
2
C 
r
Area  21 r 2 sin 
B
Graphs of Trigonometric
Functions
 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
 In this session we will learn the shape of the graphs for
trigonometric functions.
Your calculator will automatically tell you the value of e.g. sin(𝑥) for any value of 𝑥 but
you should also know what the graph of 𝑦 = sin(𝑥) looks like…

1 𝑦 = sin(𝑥)

0° 90° 180° 270° 360°

−1

What is the maximum value of sin(𝑥)?

What value of 𝑥 gives the maximum?

What value of 𝑥 gives sin 𝑥 = 0?

https://www.desmos.com/calculator/im2cleu4ak?lang=en
Your calculator will automatically tell you the value of e.g. sin(𝑥) for any value of 𝑥 but
you should also know what the graph of 𝑦 = sin(𝑥) looks like…

1 𝑦 = sin(𝑥)

0° 90° 180° 270° 360°

−1

Note that the graph of sin(𝑥) repeats every 360°.

You need to be able to draw sin(𝑥) and label all the key
values marked on the graph.

https://www.desmos.com/calculator/im2cleu4ak?lang=en
You should also know the shape of cos(𝑥)…

0° 90° 180° 270° 360° 𝑦 = cos(𝑥)

−1

The graph of cos(𝑥) also repeats every 360°.

It is very similar to sin(𝑥) but is shifted 90°to the left.

https://www.desmos.com/calculator/5uvon163ak
 And tan(𝑥)…

𝑦 = tan(𝑥)

0° 90° 180° 270° 360°

The graph of tan(𝑥) looks a little different.

It repeats every 180°.

Notice that at 𝑥 = 90° and 𝑥 = 270° it is undefined, that is, it has no value.
If you try to do tan(90°) your calculator will give an error message.
https://www.desmos.com/calculator/719fycmqie
 Solving Trigonometric Equations
 In this session we will learn how to solve trigonometric equations.
We want to be able to solve simple trigonometric equations like sin 𝑥 = 0.5.

We have already solved this kind of equation to find the angle in a triangle:
𝑥 = sin−1 (0.5) = 30°

We can check our value by putting it back into the original equation:
sin 30° = 0.5 as expected.

However, if you try putting 150° into the equation you will also get back 0.5:
sin 150° = 0.5 so 𝑥 = 150° must also be a solution!

Other solutions include 390°, 510°, −210°, −330° …

Actually there are an infinite number of solutions!

To limit the number of answers we allow we can set a range of values for 𝑥

e.g. Solve sin 𝑥 = 0.5 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°

This only has solutions 𝑥 = 30° and 𝑥 = 150° as all other values are
outside the range.

We know how to find the first value (𝑥 = 30°) but how could we have found
the other “repeating” value without just guessing?

To do this, let’s look at the graph for sin(𝑥)…

Repeating values
 Repeating values
Example:
sin   0.5 sin 1
0.5  30
The first angle is 30°.

The next angle that gives us 0.5 is 180°

minus the first.

180° – 30° = 150°

 Sine Graph
For repeating values on a sine graph
between 0° and 360°, the following rule
can be used.

180° – 1st angle = 2nd angle

Cosine graph
How do you think we find the repeating
value on a cosine graph?
Cosine graph

cos x   0.5
cos 0.5  60
1

Second angle is:

360° – 60° = 300°

Cosine graph
Between 0° and 360° on a cosine
graph, the second angle is found by

360° – 1st angle = 2nd angle

 Tangent graph

Period of 180

tan(185)  tan( 185) tan( 0)  tan(180)

 Tangent graph
Repeating values can be found easily on a tangent graph.

Because it has a period of 180°, repeating values can be found by:

1st angle ± 180° = 2nd angle

This works for the whole graph, we can add/subtract 180 as many
times as needed.
Trigonometric Equations
Because the trigonometric graphs repeat every 360° (or every 180° for tan)
there is also a general rule for all the trigonometric functions:

If we add or subtract 360° from a solution we will get another solution.

𝐹𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 ± 360°

e.g. sin 𝑥 = 0.5 𝑥 = 30°

Use rule for sine to get 𝑥 = 150° as before.
Use this new rule to get 𝑥 = 30° + 360° = 390°
and 𝑥 = 30° − 360° = −330°
Also apply it to get 𝑥 = 150° + 360° = 510°
and 𝑥 = 150° − 360° = −210°

Often it is unnecessary to use this as the result will be outside the range for 𝑥.
a) Solve sin 𝑥 = 0.3 for 𝑥 where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°

b) Solve cos 𝑥 = 0.7 for 𝑥 where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°

c) Solve tan 𝑥 = 6 for 𝑥 where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 720°

a) Solve sin 𝑥 = 0.3 for 𝑥 where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°
𝑥 = sin−1 0.3 = 17.5°
𝑥 = 180° − 17.5° = 162.5°

b) Solve cos 𝑥 = 0.7 for 𝑥 where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°

𝑥 = cos −1 0.7 = 45.6°
𝑥 = 360° − 45.6° = 314.4°

c) Solve tan 𝑥 = 6 for 𝑥 where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 720°

𝑥 = tan−1 6 = 80.5°
𝑥 = 80.5° + 180° = 260° (rule for tan)
𝑥 = 80.5° + 360° = 440.5° (general rule)
𝑥 = 260° + 360° = 620.5° (general rule)
Rule for sin In radians
2nd angle = 180° - 1st angle 2nd angle = 𝜋 - 1st angle

Rule for cos

2nd angle = 360° - 1st angle 2nd angle = 2𝜋 - 1st angle

Rule for tan

2nd angle = 1st angle ±180° 2nd angle = 1st angle ±𝜋

General rule
Further solution = Angle ±360° Further solution = Angle ±2𝜋
a) Solve the equation sin 2𝑥 = 0.8 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋

𝜋
b) Solve the equation tan 𝑥 + = 7 for −𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
4
a) Solve the equation sin 2𝑥 = 0.8 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋

2𝑥 = sin−1 0.8 = 0.927 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑥 = 0.464 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠

2𝑥 = 𝜋 − 0.927 = 2.21 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑥 = 1.107 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠

𝜋
b) Solve the equation tan 𝑥 + = 7 for −𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
4

𝜋
𝑥 + = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 7 = 1. 43 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑥 = 0.644 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠
4

𝜋
𝑥 + = 1.43 − 𝜋 = −1.71 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑥 = −2.498 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠
4
 e.g. Solve the equation 2 cos 2   3 cos   2  0for the
interval 0    2 giving exact answers.
Solution: Let c  cos  . Then,
2c  3c  2  0
2
Factorising: ( 2c  1)(c  2)  0  c  1
2
or c  2
 cos   1 or cos    2
2
y
The graph of y  cos  . . . 1
shows that cos  always

lies between -1 and +1 so, 0  2
cos    2 has
no solutions for . -1 y  cos 
Solving cos   12 for 0    2
 
Principal Solution:   60 
3
y
1
y  05

0   5 2
3 3
y  cos 
-1

 5
Ans:   ,
3 3
Trigonometric Identities
 The Pythagorean Identity.

cos 2   sin 2   1

A formula like this which is true for any value of the

variable is called an identity.

Identity symbols are normally only used when we want

to stress that we have an identity. In the trig equations
we use an  sign.
e.g.4 Solve the equation 3 sin 2   5 cos   5  0
for 0    360  giving answers correct to 1 d.p.
Method: We use the identity cos 2   sin 2   1
to replace sin 2  in the equation.
Solution:
Rearranging: cos 2   sin 2   1  sin 2   1  cos 2 
Substitute in 3 sin 2   5 cos   5  0 We always use the
identity to
 3( 1  cos  )  5 cos   5  0
2
substitute for the
squared term.
Let cos   c and multiply out the brackets:
 3(1  c 2 )  5c  5  0
 3  3c 2  5c  5  0
 3  3c 2  5c  5  0   3c 2  5c  2  0
Tip: Factorising is easier if  3c 2  5c  2  0
the squared term is positive.  ( 3c  2)(c  1)  0
 c  23 or c  1
Principal values: cos   2    48  2 
3
cos   1

y  23

0 48  2 180 311 8 360 

y  cos 
-1
3  3c 2  5c  5  0   3c 2  5c  2  0
 3c 2  5c  2  0
 ( 3c  2)(c  1)  0
 c  23 or c  1
Principal values: cos   2    48  2 
3
cos   1 We just look at the graph!

1 Ans:
y 2   0  , 48  2  ,
3 
0 48  2 180 311 8 360  311 8  , 360 

y  cos 
-1
A 2nd Trig Identity

sin 
tan  
cos 
e.g.5 Solve the equation sin    cos  for     
giving exact answers.
Warning! We notice that there are 2 trig ratios but
no squared term. We MUST NOT try to square root
the Pythagorean identity since
cos 2   sin 2   1 DOES NOT GIVE cos   sin   1
Method: Divide sin    cos  by cos 
sin
  is not zero,
Since cos 1 we can divide by it.
cos 
sin
We can now use the identity tan  
cos 
 tan   1
We now have one simple trig equation.
tan    1 for     

 
Principal value:    45   rads.
4
Add  to get 2 nd solution:
 3
    
4 4
 3
Ans:    ,
4 4
Exercises

1. Solve the equation 5 cos 2   3 sin  3 for

 180  x  180

2. Solve the equation sin  2 cos  for

0  x  2 giving the answers correct to 3
significant figures.
Solutions
1. Solve the equation 5 cos 2   3 sin  3 for
 180    180
Solution: cos 2   sin 2   1  cos 2   1  sin 2 
Substitute in 5 cos 2   3 sin  3
 5 (1  sin 2  )  3 sin  3
 5 (1  s 2 )  3 s  3
 5  5 s 2
 3s  3

We’ll collect the terms on
0  5 s 2
 2 r.h.s.
3 s the
so that the squared
 0  ( 5term
s  2)(is
s positive.
1)
 sin  52 or sin    1
sin  52 or sin    1 for  180    180
Principal values: sin  2    23  6 
5
sin    1     90 
y
1
y  04
180 360 
 180   90  23 6  156 4  x

-1
y  sin x

Ans:  90  , 23  6  , 156  4 
Solutions

2. Solve the equation sin  2 cos  for 0    2

giving the answers correct to 3 significant figures.
Solution:
sin
Divide by cos  : sin  2 cos   2
cos 
sin
Substitute using  tan   tan   2
cos 
Principal value:   1  11 rads.
Add :   1  11    4  25
Ans: 1.11 c , 4  25 c ( 3 s.f.)
Solutions

2. Solve the equation sin  2 cos  for 0    2

giving the answers correct to 3 significant figures.
Solution:
sin
Divide by cos  : sin  2 cos   2
cos 
sin
Substitute using  tan   tan   2
cos 
Principal value:   1  11 rads.
Add :   1  11    4  25
Ans: 1.11 c , 4  25 c ( 3 s.f.)