11, A light, rigid rod of length € = 1.00 m joins two par- ticles, with masses m, = 4.00 kg and m, = 3.00 kg, at its ends, The combination rotates in the xy plane about a pivot through the center of the rod (Fig. P11.11). Determine the angular momentum of the system about the origin when the speed of each particle is 5.00 m/s, Solution Conceptualize: This object is more like a weapon than a majorette’s baton. We expect the angular momentum to be several kilogram-meter-squareds-per-second. Figure P11.11 Categorize: We use the identification of angular momentum as moment of inertia times angular velocity. Analyze: Taking the geometric center of the compound object to be the pivot, the angular speed and the moment of inertia are = vir = (5.00 m/s)/0.500 m= 10.0 rad/s and 1=Yynr = (4.00 kg)(0.500 m)? + B.00 kg}(0.500 m} 1.75 kg: m? By theright-hand rule (shown in our version of the figure), we find that the angular velocity is directed out of the plane. So the object's angular momentum, with magnitude L=Io=(1.75 kg-m)(10.0 rad/s) 75 kg-m’/s out of the plane . isthe vector Finalize: Alternatively, we could solve this using L = Sm Fx ¥ L= (4.00 kg)(0.500 m)(5.00 m/s) + (3.00 kgX0.500 m)(5.00 m/s) L= 10.0 kg-m’/s + 7.50 kg: m/s and L=17.5kg-m’/s out of the plane.15. The position vector of a particle of mass 2.00 kg as a function of time is given by F = (6.00i + 5.00r j), where F is in meters and f is in seconds. Determine the angular ‘momentum of the particle about the origin as a function of time. Solution Conceptualize: Think of plotting the particle’s trajectory. It moves parallel to the y axis along the line x = 6 m, with speed 5 ms. Its angular momentum will be 2(65) = 60 units pointing out of the plane parallel to the = axis, Categorize: We will find the particle’s velocity by differentiating its position, and then use Laméxw iE Analyze: The velocity of the particle is 00} m/s = Lovin s00¢jm = dt mExt 2.00 kg\(6.004 m + 5.001} m) x 5.00} m/s (60.0 kg m/s) x j+ (50.0rkg: m*/s)jx j The angular momentum is, (60.0k)kg- m’/s, constant in time .37. A wooden block of mass M resting on a frictionless, horizontal surface is attached to a rigid rod of length ¢ and of negligible mass (Fig. P1137). The rod is pivoted at the other end. A bullet of mass m traveling parallel to the hor- izontal surface and perpendicular to the rod with speed 7 s hits the block and becomes embedded in it. (a) What is the angular momentum of the bullet-block system about a verti- cal axis through the pivot? (b) What fraction of the original Figure P11.37 kinetic energy of the bullet is converted into intemal energy in the system during the collision? Solution Conceptualize: Since there are no external torques acting on the bullet-block system, the angular momentum of the system will be constant and will simply be that of the bullet before it hits the block. We should expect there to be a significant but not total loss of kinetic energy in this per- fecily inelastic “angular collision” since the block and bullet do not bounce apart but move together after the collision with a small velocity that can be found from conservation of system angular momentum. Categorize: We have practically solved this problem already! We just need to work out the details for the loss of kinetic energy. Analyze: Taking the origin at the pivot point (a) Note that ¥ isperpendicubarto ¥, so sin@=1 and L=rmw sind= mo _ vertically down .(b) Taking, to be the speed of the bullet and the block together, we first apply conser- vation of angular momentum, 7 |p (7a) ‘The total kinetic energies before and after the collision are respectively um+M{—™ : m_). meni 2) (7) So the fraction of the kinetic energy that is converted into internal energy will be L, becomes (mv=C(m+ Mju, or, K; and K, ‘ (m+ Mjo2 Fraction10) A conical pendulum consists of a bob of mass m in motion in a circular path in @ horzontal plane as shown. During the motion, the supporting wire of length. L maintains the constant angle 8 with the vertical. Show that the magnitude of the angular momentum of the bob about the center of the circle is:N-H{ oN ye Tie Bey ! er Ty =Teame : a TWheeS TB cok, So = He websne Teeticsiess 2 Be 4 Toise ae | Pe Pym FAVS. G9 = omy =P xpr “eon iS ait ba seed state phn gine)" seeSuppose an ice skater, such as the one in Figure 3, is spinning at 0.800 rev/ s with her arms extended. She has a moment of inertia of 2.34 kg- m*with her arms extended and of 0.363 kg: m*with her arms close to her body. (These moments of inertia are based on reasonable assumptions about a 60.0-kg skater.) (a) What is her angular velocity in revolutions per second after she pulls in her arms? (b) What is her ro- gz Lara @ Figure 3. (a) An ice skater is spinning Solution for (a) sed above), the conservation of Because torque is negligible (as dit angular momentum given in Iw = I’w‘is applicable. Thus, L=L' or Iw = I'w’ Solving for w‘and substituting known values into the resulting equation gives (Z3syiEEs) (0.800 rev/s) 16 rev/s. Ca 1 r is11. A merry-go-round of radius = 2.0m has a moment of inertia [ = 250 kg - m? and is rotating at 10rev/min. A 25kg child jumps onto the edge of the merry-go- round. What is the new angular speed of the merry-go-round? {se 1-25)120g at © o ‘We calenlate the total angular momentum that we see in Fig. 2.5 (a). Only the wheel is in motion; its angular velocity is Qarad (Lmin a ena Ff \) Loses so its angular momentum is = To = (250g m?)(1.09 4) = 262 “The cid i motos, this the total nil ng oo ea ‘Als the child steps ont the mearygoround (at stays these place ner is oer ecg) we have a rotating aye wi» afrent ment of erie The clés (basil) spot ian ata distance of 20m from the ttt as so the new moment oer fonod rom summing the moments of the orginal wheel andthe cl momentum of the system: Ly = T= (250k - m2) + Meyaall® — (250 kg -mn?) + (25.01kg) 2.00 Okg-m? and if «! is the final angular velocity, then the Final angular momentum is given by: Lyall But from angular momentum conservation, L; = Ly and this lets us solve for 1" 1, = 2622 = Ly = Ja = (350g? )a! whieh ives (2624=*) “~ G50kg: my ‘We can conver this hack to sevoltions per minute to gv — copie mt) (1) (608) ope (ose) (Ea) (Finn) ~ PEE