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    Distinction Tests 12th Shobhit Nirwan - 231124 - 035956

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    mahatosandip1888
    The document describes several chemical tests used to distinguish between different functional groups. The Lucas test distinguishes between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols using concentrated hydrochloric acid and anhydrous aluminum chloride. The AgNO2 test detects haloalkanes and haloarenes by forming a white silver chloride precipitate. Tollen's reagent and Fehling's test detect aldehydes and ketones, with Tollen's forming a silver mirror and Fehling's forming a red-brown copper(II) oxide precipitate. The iodoform test detects methyl and methylene groups in compounds using sodium hydroxide and iodine to form a yellow iodoform precipitate.

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    Distinction Tests 12th Shobhit Nirwan - 231124 - 035956

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    mahatosandip1888
    18 views1 page
    The document describes several chemical tests used to distinguish between different functional groups. The Lucas test distinguishes between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols using concentrated hydrochloric acid and anhydrous aluminum chloride. The AgNO2 test detects haloalkanes and haloarenes by forming a white silver chloride precipitate. Tollen's reagent and Fehling's test detect aldehydes and ketones, with Tollen's forming a silver mirror and Fehling's forming a red-brown copper(II) oxide precipitate. The iodoform test detects methyl and methylene groups in compounds using sodium hydroxide and iodine to form a yellow iodoform precipitate.

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    Shobhit Nirwan notes

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    Distinction Tests 12th Shobhit Nirwan_231124_035956

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    The document describes several chemical tests used to distinguish between different functional groups. The Lucas test distinguishes between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols using concentrated hydrochloric acid and anhydrous aluminum chloride. The AgNO2 test detects haloalkanes and haloarenes by forming a white silver chloride precipitate. Tollen's reagent and Fehling's test detect aldehydes and ketones, with Tollen's forming a silver mirror and Fehling's forming a red-brown copper(II) oxide precipitate. The iodoform test detects methyl and methylene groups in compounds using sodium hydroxide and iodine to form a yellow iodoform precipitate.

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    18 views1 page

    Distinction Tests 12th Shobhit Nirwan - 231124 - 035956

    Uploaded by

    mahatosandip1888
    The document describes several chemical tests used to distinguish between different functional groups. The Lucas test distinguishes between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols using concentrated hydrochloric acid and anhydrous aluminum chloride. The AgNO2 test detects haloalkanes and haloarenes by forming a white silver chloride precipitate. Tollen's reagent and Fehling's test detect aldehydes and ketones, with Tollen's forming a silver mirror and Fehling's forming a red-brown copper(II) oxide precipitate. The iodoform test detects methyl and methylene groups in compounds using sodium hydroxide and iodine to form a yellow iodoform precipitate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    DISTINCTION TEST

    Name Distinction Between Reagent Detection Remarks


    3ᴼ- immidiate turbidity
    Conc. HCL
    Lucas Test 1ᴼ, 2ᴼ, 3ᴼ Alcohols 2ᴼ- turbidity after sometime OH Hatao Cl lagao + pani
    Anhyd. AlCl3
    1ᴼ- no turbidity
    AgNO2 Test Haloalkane & Haloarene AgNO2 AgCl (white ppt) Cl hatao, NO 2 lagao
    [Ag(NH3 ) 2 ]⁺ Aldehyde + [Ag(NH3)2]⁺ → RCOO⁻ + Ag￬
    Tollen's Reagent Aldehyde & Ketone Alakaline Silver Mirror (Ag) But
    medium Ketone + [Ag(NH3)2]⁺ → X

    Aldehyde & Ketone


    Fehling's Test 2Cu2+ + 4OH⁻ Red-Brown ppt (Cu2O) -
    (Aromatic Aldehyde also)

    Aldehyde & Ketone


    CH3CO- + NaOH + I2 → CHI3 (yellow ppt)
    Iodoform Test having minimum one CH3 NaOH + I2 Yellow ppt (CHI3)
    CH3CHOH + NaOH + I2 → CHI3 (yellow ppt)
    group
    RCOOH & Phenol
    NaHCO3 Test NaHCO3 CO2 RCOOH + NaHCO3 → RCOONa + CO2↑
    RCOOH & Ester
    Either RCHO
    2,4 DNP Test Orange red
    or Ketone
    Double or triple bond
    Bayer's Test Br2 / H2 O Decolorise C- + Br2 (Red) → -C(Br)-C(Br) (Colorless)
    present in straight chain

    Aliphatic and Aromatic β-napthol


    Azo-Dye Test HNO2
    1ᴼ Amines Orange dye (insoluble in water)

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