Expt. No. Page No.

Date.

txPEPIMENT- 1
AiM 7o STUDY THE O1E RMINATIoN oF POLLEN ON
A SUDE

Mateials Requiucl:
Fncsh mature flower LUKe
Uly, Jasmine
China Rose, Petunia etc
C1 Lass sLicde -Bonic acic Disilled wath
Lass Roc Compounc Micnoscope Daoppch
SucHOsee Coven SLip Magne5s iom
Potassium NtHote SuLphate
BeaKen5.

Thepn
follen 9uatns
Pollenqnains Mepe sent the male
gametophyte FoH eg i f tha_open onthuis of
anyflouwen is Seen ellouish pouD aleny 4ains
ane found. They_a genenally spheruca in
Shape measiuing
S-So mtomethes in
diametn TE has a
phominen t wo
Layend
wa ll ThL hahcL Oten Layen caLLed the
exine fs macdeUp o SpoMO pollenin. The
ONTORD
exine has pMominent apehtunLA calLe ol
nunm pone s. The inne uall op ho pollen
gtauno caLo Hhintfne
aun TE is a thio ancl
continvoUS oN_ maole wp celLvlose
and pectn. Teacher's Signature.
 TNTINE TuBE oF
LINE
VEGETATVE Ci L TuBE
CYTOPLASM NUCLEUS

CALLOSE

NCLEUS
GERM PO RE GENERA TIVE GERM GENERIT1VE
ELL POR

VA CUDLE
POLLEN TuBE
MALE
AME 7ES

CeLLOSE
PLUG5 CTTO PLASM DENSE
SEATH CTofLM
GENERATIVE
CELL
D
 Page No.
Expt. NO.
Dote

PoLlen lvmains 7eamination T natue, pollcn

qnains guminate on tha compaHible stigmas
canpel This p0cess is calleel pishL
polLen in totactio. Thay_canals0 be incduccd
O germinate aSynthetic medium_using
chemials whch pavouh
poLlen 9iminahon
Such as jo/ suCHDse solution .
Duutng minahon Inine LTanen wa LL
o pollen gnaun_emguo v t a s pollen
ube tmiuoughaene of tma guu ponesin
exineCowten uwalL.

nocedune:
P e p a u eihe medfum f o n polen qeumina Hon- by

dissolvi9 IO qram SucHOse 2o

mg potuss iom
nitnate
bonic a i
309 magnesium sulphate and 19
inloo mL _op dishuee wate
Usinga nlass RoplSH fhe Solution to mix i t
well
Using a dhoppo, takKe some meliom ancL

put onopsof t On a clean gLass stide

Nou take a fhesh matune plouOL and dust-

POLen 91aLnSHOm_ts Stomen on to

ONTORD pe
fhe duoP on me sude

Apten feuo minvtes,place tne g laSS slide on

the s bage o me Ompouncl micnosco2e

eachers Signature
 Drate

Obsenve the slide caneeullyundi a mfcaoscope at

RequLa Intuivals
InlhaLy pollen qMaun is obseivcL as oni-nuclea ted
which at time Libenahon beomes wo elled
he polLen qncLo takes he medivm and
up
stants eumina ting AE finst staga tha ube
CeLL enlig ancd out
cmunge fHom_one of
he geum poe o apoLLen gnain toponma pollen
hwbe
The poLen tube PUMtheN quouS In the same
manne as E o u S muough m StyLe f o the

oNa oaPlouwen
The nucleus op wbe cell anel genenaive ce
passesinto t and lescenet+owands tho tte
apo LLen aun
Ve SOonqenny ve ceu divfdes into two
maLe 9 a m e t e :

Each male Opmete So foxm ec is Lenhiula

to spheucal n shape

Precaufon
The
pollengeamination meolium should be pupasud
Couy
Fesnly pluckec PLOwenL Should be used.
Only Puo polLen aauns should be dusted on ha
drop on me sLude in oxdu o o vofcL ovencxDsing
be poyoumed
Pmocedww sholld Toacher's Signature
o t noom empenauw
 oNION ONLON

ROOTS

ONID N
ROOTS
BOTTLE
BEAKER
WATER

WATERR

METHOD OF SROHINGØNLDN RODT TIPS

 Page No.
xpt. No.
Date.

ExPE RIMENT-2-
AIM:10 pMupae temponay acto camine staine
mount op onlon noo Hip to study vatious

stages op mitosi's

Keubument: Onion bulbs, confcal fasksaloss botlles

ConK tube petuidishesscissons needlles,
7
methylalcohol acctic acidl, hydnoch loMuC a ud
acetocamine, tisHLed watenspinit Lamp,
miLnoscopesLide jcovenslip blottingpapen ett

Pruinaple:
AL celLs aMe phocluc ecl by divsions f phe
exishng_cells. Conkfnuuty o Lipe clepenes opon
ceLL dfusion ceLs diwia by mitasis
I t helps io qoustnhyincheaaîng tha numb
c e l l s Eoth cellolivlsion- con sistso
events-
Kayokinesis division op he Nucleus
CytdKineisdinston op thecytoplasm. The
Stageof celphion
to division is ca Llec
Intonphase

Amitotic ceLL divisin con be dividled fnto

polloui phases

eachersSignaure,
 NuCLEAR MEMBRANE

HROMATIN FiBERS

NuC LEDLiS

CELL ME MBPA ME

INTER PMASE STAÁE

TETELL WALL
NUCLEA
|MEMBRANE
NUC LEAR
DISA PPERIMG
MEMDRA NE
NUC LEO LES

NUCLEOLES
CHROMDsO MES

CHRDMOsoMES LCEL ALL

LAPE PROPHASE
EARIY PROPYASE

SPIN DLE FIBRE

KXKI CHRDMATIDS

META PHASE SJA6E

xpt. NO

Date

Kauyokinesis
Popha se apptananLe of chom
050rne
Mebapha Se.:spindle poma ti and a
angnnt
of chuomo Som es otCauatonL
Anapha sc: Moverment oe odughten chnom
os ones
ouan dA pole
lelophase Foumaion op daughter ncleus

Cytokînesis: Diviston of Cytopla sm to foHm te

daahten ces
The meriomahc celuS_Locate in me aoot hps
pLovide the msE suitabLe matenials pon
studyoR mitpsis. Thachnomosomes oA
monocoty Ledenous plants a Lge Sized.
and better visiblethufDHeonioo ootips
a L Used to Study mitosis

noceduHe:
Take a mediom sizec bulb a onfon an
Eim ofp tne ole 1cots f o m its base ay

means op o shanp bladLe

Place h e onion ona conicalp loskgoss bottie
foLL Of waten oltn its base toeh Png the
D
waten keep E p o n
Hot sandput TraM
CUE 5.mm o fma ips o
amintwu of L3
containng
leacher s Signarure..
L
 Pagc NO.
Dalc

acchc acto. ancl methanoL Kecp pon oneh: his

pocess is calLeol fixahion
Remove on 3
moot Hps ancL
hyduolyse manm
by wa1ming to 60'C in IN hycnocisorut aic
pon ISmênutes
Remove he Oot ips and wash fham
in oaten fhooughly
PLace a dop op acetoxa mine en a stide. Pot
ne hydnoly sed ucottip in adnoP and p lac
coealip_on the oot
Cnendyy he uoot by Eappirg the
cOVeoLip uwth me bLun t end op a penciL
on needle
niL 7 na cells sepanate a n o l
Spaad out into a vey nin LauLN
nen Uaum fhe sLicle Ovenaplame#on c
Pe Seconds
Observe p fnsEunclen taa Louo powen op
micostope to Locate tne dividing celLs
Examine madipnunt Stages op mitosis
undeL hhon POue Op me mic0Scope

OBSERVATIONS
n Oncwr Lou pouen d the micuosco, uctongulan
ceus wfm pînK noclets a a seen scatteeL
Ondlen high pooEn omfcnospec pollowing
Stage bepme disinct
Teacher's Signaiuio
 Page No.
Expt. NO.
Doic.

Tntephase
T t a non- dividing phase op tme ceeycle betwcen
rwo successive celloivisions
u Ch-oma tin pibrea appea in t r ponmop a
netwonk within n e nucleus
Nuclean enxetope ancd nucleolus ane dishinc

Puophase
Choma tin mateialShonkos and conclenses
inho thwaol Like stuctunes callec
ChnomosomesS
Each chnomosome consfsts oPchnomatid S, jointecl
aut a poYnt_callec centrom eL
Nuclea membrane an nucleok.us stantE
disinkanaionand disappeen ai the ecl a
Phophase

3 Mctaphase
A bipolan spindle deveLops intne cell Chonosomco
betorne nteK and tuwo Chruomatio S op eah
chhomosome become clea
Chomosomes héome oHangec a t fhe equatoh
op The spinghe

iiiEath chhomoson e 9ets attachecL to spindle

pibes at fts cenEiomexe _

cocher's Signiature
 Dt. to.

4 Anaphase.
CThe two si'stechnomarids op eoch chwm osrE
Sepanatc fnom the cen tomone and moHC
touwands te
pposi'te pdc
Li The daught chnemoSo mes sepanatec
Chnomaids appea V, ana L shaped
th posiio op the CentxorneC
pencun 9 upon

Telo phose:
w)The spinale shapecl disoppeas and the
daughter_chnomosomes ae Jonming the
chuomatinflbens a t fha uwopoles
Nudlean membnanc and Nucleolus appean
andtoo daughten nucle neappean at oposite
poles
i Cytokinesis OcuAs_by celLplate okma tio
betuweD theAuo daughte Nuclet

PRECAUTIONS
onion bolb be in contat o p oatez
The base op

be be in t h
Root tips should pimud
betwep 8to /o Am
rOnD be
wam ed gent
3The SLide shaykd
much above o p Spfet lamp.
h o plame

Tecchers Signature"..