I -

IMO 9120841
L160

INSTRUCTION BOOK NO. 69

L.160-M.S. "SOVEREIGN MÆRSK"

WHEELHOUSE
Section 1. Sperry Gyrocompass
2. Sperry Gyropilot
3. Emri Rudder indicator
4. Epson Course & rudder angle recorder
5. Sars Gyro repeater
6. Sperry Radars
7. Viking Reflector compass - Major-
Sperry Marine Inc.

MK 37 VT DIGITAL
GYROCOMPASS EQUIPMENT
OPERATION MANUAL

Sperry Marine Inc.

1070 Seminole Trail

Charlottesville, VA 22901

Printed in U.S.A.

JA17-5784 FEBRUARY 1995

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Title Page

GENERAL INFORMATION

1-1 Introduction 1-1

1-2 Overall Gyrocompass Equipment Description 1-1
1-2.1 Master Compass Unit 1-1
1-2.2 Display Assembly ... 1-2
1-2.3 Electronics Control Unit 1-2
1-2.4 Compass Cable Assembly 1-2
1-2.5 Display Cable Assembly 1-2
1-2.6 Optional .Equipments 1-3
1-2.6.1 Course Recorder Assembly (Optional Equipment) 1-3
1-2.6.2 Digital To Synchro Assembly (Optional Equipment) 1-3
1-2.7 Dual Compass Configuration 1-3
1-3 Reference Data 1-3

OPERATION

2-1 Operation»Overview. 2-1

2-2 Controls and Indicators 2-1
2-3 Operating Modes and Procedures 2-4
2-3.1 Cold Starting the Compass 2-5
2-3.2 Warm Starting the Compass 2-5
2-3.3 Fast Settle Procedure , 2-5
2-3.4 Automatic Operation 2-6
2-3.5 Fault Acknowledgement 2-6
2-3.6 Initializing, Enabling, Synchronizing, and Disabling Step Repeaters 2-15
2-3.7 Course Recording (Optional) 2-15
2-3.7.1 Course Recording - Graph Mode (Optional) 2-17
2-3.7.2 Course Recording - Table Mode (Optional) 2-20
2-3.7.3 Course Recording - Off Mode (Optional) 2-20
2-4 Direct Access Menus ••... 2-21
2-4.1 Mode (Active/Standby) Selection 2-21
2-4.2 Speed Input 2-21
2-5 System Turn-Off 2-23
2-6 Dual Compass Operation 2-23
2-6.1 Compass Comparator (Optional) , 2-23
2-6.2 Common Output Bus 2-24
2-6.3 Compass Transfer 2-24
 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Title . Page

1-1 MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment 1-0

2-1 Display Assembly, Controls and Indicators 2-2
2-2 Example Course Recorder Strip Chart Graph 2-19
2-3 Example Course Recorder Table 2-21

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1-1 MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment Reference Data 1-3

1-2 Available Options for the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment 1-4
1-3 MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment Physical Data 1-5
1-4 MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment Spare Parts 1-5
2-1 MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment, Controls and Indicators « 2-2
2-2 Operator Intervention Fault Codes Associated with the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass
Equipment 2-7
2-3 Course Recorder Trouble Analysis Chart 2-14
2-4 Ship's Heading Range vs. Graph Quadrant Number 2-18
2-5 Rudder Print Range Resolution 2-18

u
 SAFETY SUMMARY
The following three safety precautions apply to general service procedures such as those within this
publication. Service and operation personnel must understand and apply these safety precautions during
maintenance and operation.
KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS
Operating personnel must at all times observe all safety regulations. Do not replace components inside the
equipment with the voltage supply turned on. Voltage is not present when power is turned off.

DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE

Under no circumstances should any person reach into or enter the enclosure for the purpose of servicing or
adjusting the equipment except in the presence of someone who is capable of rendering aid.

RESUSCITATION
Personnel working with or near high voltages should be familiar with modern methods of resuscitation.

The following cautions appear in the text of this publication and are repeated here for emphasis:

CAUTION
The compass indication is only used for service and installation purposes as
it is not corrected for errors caused by latitude or speed, (page 1-1)

CAUTION
After initializing any repeater, make certain the repeater and the compass
are in synchronization. This double check is especially important if the
repeater is used for steering or establishing a bearing. If necessary repeat
the synchronization process, (page 2-15)

CAUTION
It is important to update speed when using manual speed entry because
speed correction is used to maintain an accurate corrected heading. A
compass system with improper speed input may report a corrected heading
with äs much as 5 degrees of error, (page 2-22)

CAUTION
It is important to update latitude when using manual latitude entry because
latitude correction is used to maintain an accurate corrected heading. A
compass system with improper latitude input may report a corrected heading
with as much as 5 degrees of error or 10 degrees of error if the hemisphere
is wrong, (page 2-23)

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DISPLAY ASSEMBLY

MASTER COMPASS

ELECTRONICS CONTROL UNIT

Figure 1-1. MK-37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment

1-0
 CHAPTERl

GENERAL INFORMATION

1-1 INTRODUCTION.

The MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment consists of a Master Compass Unit, a Display Assembly, an
Electronics Control Unit, and the interconnecting cable assemblies. The MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass System
computes a true heading with corrections for speed and latitude. The system's standard features allow simple operation
while the system's flexibility supports several options.

This manual provides general information and operational procedures for the single or dual MK 37 VT Digital
Gyrocompass System (Figure 1-1). Please refer to the following quick reference for an overview of the manual's,
organization.

Chapter lr fGeneraHnformationy?' Provides- informatien-on-the -use and format, of the manual, the equipment
configuration, and the equipment's interface requirements.

Chapter 2 ('Operation'): Provides operating procedures for the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment.

1-2 OVERALL GYROCOMPASS EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION.

The MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment (Figure 1-1) is comprised of a microprocessor-based Electronics

Control Unit (ECU), a Display Assembly, and a Master Compass Unit. The Master Compass provides uncorrected
heading data to the Electronic Control Unit. The Electronic Control Unit processes the data and provides output
signals representing the corrected heading and rate of turn. It transmits the corrected heading as 24 VDC step data
and as serial data. The Display Unit is the system's primary user interface consisting of a Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD), LED lights and displays, and push button switches. Optional accessories of the gyrocompass equipment include
a Digital-To-Synchro Assembly which provides a IX synchro output, and a Course Recorder Assembly containing an
RS232 channel dedicated to a dot matrix printer. The Course Recorder Assembly provides a hardcopy of true heading
and rudder angle data. If a dual MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass system is installed on the ship, one gyrocompass
system will be selected as the primary MK 37 VT gyrocompass system and the other gyrocompass system will be
selected as the secondary MK 37 VT gyrocompass system that serves as a backup.

1-2.1 Master Compass Unit The Master Compass Unit provides uncorrected heading data to the Electronics Control
Unit for signal processing. The Master Compass Unit physically consists of a shock mounted, fluid filled binnacle
assembly sealed and designed for deck mounting.

CAUTION
The compass indication is only used for service and installation purposes as it is not corrected for
errors caused by latitude or speed.

The MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment contains an electro-mechanical gyrocompass with three precision
gimbals. The gimbals and additional electro-mechanical components compensate for the earth's rotation and gravity
while taking advantage of gyroscopic inertial properties. The result is a gyrocompass that automatically seeks and
aligns itself with a meridian pointing toward true north.

The gyrosphere containing the gyroscope rotor is immersed in silicone fluid and is designed and adjusted to have
neutral buoyancy. This feature is a distinct advantage in that:

1-1
 • The weight of the gyrosphere is removed from the sensitive axis bearings

• The gyrosphere and bearings are protected from excessive shock loads

• Sensitivity to shifts of the center of mass of the gyrosphere relative to the sensitive axis is
eliminated, thereby providing improved accuracy

• The effects of accelerations are minimized because the center of mass of the gyrosphere and the
center of buoyancy are coincident

The system's application software compensates for the effects of the ship's varying speed and local latitude. A servo
followup system works with the azimuth axis to keep the yoke aligned with the gyrosphere as the vessel turns. The
servo system also provides unconnected heading data to the Electronics Control Unit. The system doesn't require
heaters due to the low viscosity of the suspension and ballistic fluids.

1-2.2 Display Assembly. The Display Assembly is the operator's primary user interface to the system and contains
the controls and indicators- used during «normaloperation^of the gyrocompass-equipment. The Display Assembly
contains a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), LED indicator lights and displays, and switches.

The operator refers to the indicator lights to determine the current operating mode. Possible modes are ACTIVE,
STANDBY, SETTLE, PRIMARY, OR SECONDARY. A separate indicator light informs the operator of FAULT
detection. The operator has front panel access to ten switches on the Display Assembly. The switches enable the
operator to select operating modes, mute audible alarms, adjust the intensity of the indicator lights, adjust the Display
Assembly's backpanel lighting, scroll through menu options, and enter data.

The Liquid Crystal Display provides the operator with menu options and fault messages. The LED displays provide
the operator:

• Current heading to the nearest tenth of a degree.

• Current speed to the nearest knot.

• Local latitude to the nearest degree. A horizontal indicator light determines if the latitude is
North or South.

1-2.3 Electronics Control Unit The Electronics Control Unit contains a microcomputer and other control circuitry
-needed to. operate the Master Compass and the Display Assembly. It contains the circuit boards that drive the step
repeaters. Connections are provided on the mother board for up to eight 24 VDC step repeaters. Included in the
Electronics Control Unit is software which compensates for errors due to the effect of the vessels latitude and speed.
The corrected heading data output is provided in both serial and step data format. An analog rate-of-turn output is
also provided from the Electronics Control Unit.

1-2.4 Compass Cable Assembly. A cable connects the Master Compass unit to the Electronics Control Unit. This
cable includes a connector for the Master Compass and connectors for connection to boards within the Electronics
Control Unit. The standard cable length is 10 feet; however, other lengths are available as options.

1-2.5 Display Cable Assembly. A cable connects the Display Assembly to the Electronic Control Unit. This cable
includes a connector for the Display Assembly and a connector for connection to the Electronics Control Unit. The
standard cable length is 6 feet; however, other lengths are available as options.

1-2
1-2.6 Optional Equipment Two circuit board assemblies are available as optional equipment. One option functions
as a course recorder to provide serial data to a printer for a hard copy record of heading and rudder information. The
second option includes a converter module that provides the current heading using standard synchro format.

1-2.6.1 Course Recorder Assembly (Optional Equipment). The Course Recorder Assembly option contains 256K bytes
of nonvolatile RAM memory, a Clock\Calendar circuit, an Analog to Digital Converter, a serial communications
interface to a serial printer, and a serial communications interface to the alternate compass to support a compass
comparison function for dual MK 37 VT installations.

1-2.6.2 Digital-To-Synchro Assembly (Optional Equipment). The Digital-to-Synchro Assembly converts digital azimuth
data to IX synchro format for applications that require a IX synchro output. The optional Digital-to-Synchro
Assembly uses a 14 bit converter module. The circuit's output is designed for 90 volts line-to-line, with a 115 VAC
at 400 Hz reference. The maximum power output is 4 VA

1-2.7 Dual Compass Configuration» •This-configuration allows-two-complete-MK-37 VT gyrocompass systems to be

installed on the ship. The gyrocompass systems are designated as primary and secondary. The primary and secondary
gyrocompass systems share a common output bus. However the system that is currently operating in the active mode
maintains control of the output bus. Only the outputs from the active gyrocompass system are available to external
devices.

1-3 REFERENCEDATA.

Refer to the following tables for general information concerning the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment:

• Table 1-1 provides the functional and interface requirements for the MK 37 VT Digital
Gyrocompass Equipment.

• Table 1-2 lists and briefly describes the options for the gyrocompass equipment.

• Table 1-3 lists the equipment physical data.

• Table 1-4 lists the spare parts.

Table 1-1. MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment Reference Data

Inputs:
Speed:
Pulsed Automatic from 200 pulse-per-nautical-mile speed log

Serial Automatic from digital sources via RS232/422 in NMEA 0183

format $VBW, SVHW
Manual Manually via the control panel on the Display Assembly
Latitude: Automatic from the Global Positioning System (GPS) via
RS232/422 in NMEA format SGLL, $GGA
Automatic from digital sources via RS232/422 in NMEA 0183
format SGLL
Manually via the control panel on the Display Assembly
Power: 24 VDC + 20%, -20%

115/230 VAC ± 15% 47-64 Hz

1-3
 Table 1-1. MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment Reference Data (Continued)
Outputs:
Rate of Turn: 50 mV per deg/min (± 4.5 VDC full scale = ± 90 deg/min)
Step Repeaters: Eight 24 VDC step data outputs. (An additional twelve step data
output at 35 VDC or 70 VDC from the optional Transmission Unit
PN 1977023.)
7 - switched
1 - unswitched
Heading data: One RS422, capable of driving up to ten loads in NMEA 0183
format SHEHDT
Two RS232, each capable of driving one load in NMEA 0183
format SHEHDT

1 - 232 switched
1 - 232 unswitched
1 - 422 switched
Alarm Outputs: An audible alarm is part of the Display Assembly.. A relay and a
battery powered circuit activates a fault indicator and the audible
alarm during a power loss.

Compass alarm - NO/NC contacts

Power alarm - NO/NC contacts
Course Recorder (optional): Output: RS232 to dot matrix printer
Synchro Output (optional): Output: 90 volts line-to-line with a 115 VAC 400 Hz reference.
Maximum power output of 4 VA, Can be switched or unswitched.

Table 1-2. Available Options for the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment

Part Number Name and Description
1980711-1 Digital-To-Synchro Assembly (provides IX synchro output @ 115 VAC 400 Hz)
1980709 Course Recorder Assembly
T968606-10 Course Recorder Printer Cable (10 feet / 3 meters)
1812264 Course Recorder Printer, 24 pin print head, dot matrix printer, serial interface accessory
available in two versions:

-1: 115 VAC 60 Hz

-2: 230 VAC 60 Hz
1977023 Transmission Unit (JA17-4488 Operator and Service Manual)
1887020 Alarm Unit (Remote)
T968593-1 Display Cable (15 feet / .5 meters)
T968593-2 Display Cable (3.0 feet / 1 meter)
T968593-3 Display Cable (6.0 feet / 2 meters)
T968593-4 Display Cable (25.0 feet / 15 meters)
T968593-5 Display Cable (50.0 feet / 15 meters)
T968572-10 Compass Cable Assembly (10 feet / 3 meters)
T968572-20 Compass Cable Assembly (20 feet / 6 meters)
T968572-30 Compass Cable Assembly (30 feet / 9 meters)

1-4
 Table 1-2. Available Options for the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment (Continued)
Part Number Name and Description
T968572-40 Compass Cable Assembly (40 feet / 12 meters)
T968607-110 Dual Compass Interconnect Cables ( 10 feet / 3 meters)
T968607-210 (All three required for dual installation)
T968607-310

Table 1-3. MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment Physical Data

Part Number System Component Overall Dimensions (HxWxD) Weight: lb(kg)
1891974-VAR Master Compass 17.5(445) x 145(368) x 12.8(325) 84 lb (38 kg)
1980693 Display Unit 5.7(144) x 113(288) x 1.7(42.3) 2.6 lb (1.2 kg)
1980690 Electronics Control Unit 18(475) x 17(432) x 10(254) 40 lb (18 kg)
(estimated)

Table 1-4. MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment Spare Parts

Quantity Required Description
1 1980697 CPU Assembly
1 1980699 Analog/Digital/Serial Assembly
1 1980701-1 Synchro/Digital Converter Assembly
2 1980705 Step Driver Assembly
1 1980694 Motherboard I/O Assembly
1 1980713 DC/DC Converter Assembly
1 1980703 Gyro Control Assembly.
1 1980715 Servo Regulator Assembly
1 1980936 AC/DC Power Supply Assembly
1 1980711-VAR Digital-To-Synchro Assembly (Optional)
1 1980709 Course Recorder Assembly (Optional)
1 1980743 Display/Driver Assembly
1 1980745 Switch Assembly
1 1980737 LCD Display Assembly
1 1810252-4 5 Amp Metric Cartridge Fuse
1 1810252-5 15 Amp Metric Cartridge Fuse
1 1810252-6 1/8 Amp Metric Cartridge Fuse

1-5/(1-6 blank)
 CHAPTER 2

OPERATION
2-1 OPERATION OVERVIEW.
The Display Assembly contains the operating controls for the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment. During
normal operation, the HEADING display continuously shows the corrected heading to the nearest tenth of a degree.
The data display presents the operator with menu options and fault messages. SPEED and LATITUDE are also
displayed.

The Display Assembly provides the operator with indicators to determine system status. For dual compass
configurations, a compass can be configured as PRMRY (primary) or SEC (secondary). Compass configuration as the
PRMRY or the SEC is set by the field service technician by setting a jumper on the Gyro Control Assembly. In a dual
compass system, the compass can operate in either the ACTIVE or STBY (standby) mode. Normally, the PRMRY
system operates in the ACTIVE mode while the SEC system operates in the STBY mode. The GYRO indicator is
set ttreither 1 or 2 depending«n the>Motherboard jumpei^seuing. -Thecompass enters the SETTLE mode which is
indicated on the display after completing the initial power up sequence.

The Display Assembly provides the operator with controls for entering data, selecting the operating mode, testing the
display elements, acknowledging audible alarms, and adjusting the backlighting. The controls operate either as a toggle
switch or as incremental adjustments. Systems equipped with the optional Course Recorder have controls to start and
stop printing along with other printer controls.

Up to eight external step repeaters can be connected to the gyrocompass system. ON/OFF switches associated with
the repeaters are contained on the Step Driver Assembly in the Electronics Control Unit. These maintenance switches
are normally set to "ON" during the installation process by the field service technician and remain set in this position.
Control of the repeaters for synchronization is performed from the Display Unit (see Paragraph 2-3.6).

2-2 CONTROLS AND INDICATORS.

Refer to Figure 2-1 for an illustration of the operator controls and indicators for the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass
Equipment. Refer to Table 2-1 for a description of each control, indicator, and display that makes up the Display
Assembly. The operator should have a complete understanding of the Display although normal operation does not
require continuous attention to the controls, indicators, and displays.

In general, menus are accessed using the SCROLL control arrow or the special use keys (MODE, SPEED,
LATITUDE). Some menus have a timeout associated with them which either locks in the requested value or changes
to another menu. Values that may not be changed or that have timed out are indicated in square brackets [ ].

Values are changed by pressing the right or left cursor key. Some menus provide wrap around of the selection values
and other menus stop when one end of the range is reached. By pressing and holding one of the cursor keys, the
values change at an accelerated rate based on the time the key has been depressed. Releasing the cursor key will
terminate the value change and allow for slower increments or reverse direction. Many menus provide a delayed
activation of a newly entered value until all operator entry has stopped on a timeout basis or the menu has been
changed.

Pressing SCROLL without having pressed the right or left cursor key will not change or enter a new value. SCROLL
simply passes on to the next menu. Only by leaving the menu or waiting through the timeout after using the right and
left cursor keys will a value be entered.

2-1
 ACME srer SCTilE
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Figure 2-1. Display Assembly, Controls and Indicators

Table 2-1. MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment, Controls and Indicators

Figure 2-1
Find Number Control, Indicator, or Display Functional Description
1 MODE switch When the gyrocompass system is in a dual compass
configuration, used to select the active or standby mode. In
single systems the switch is fixed and the ACTIVE mode
indicator is lit.
2 ACTIVE indicator Indicator lights to indicate that the gyrocompass is controlling
outputs and is supplying heading data. When the
gyrocompass is in a dual compass configuration, indicator
lights to indicate if the compass is active and controlling the
outputs and supplying data.
3 STBY indicator When the gyrocompass system is in a dual compass
configuration, indicator lights to indicate if the gyrocompass is
in standby mode (is not controlling outputs)
4 SETTLE indicator Indicator lights during the gyrocompass start-up (settling)
process (it takes up to five hours). Upon completion of the
settling process, the compass enters the normal mode of
operation and the indicator is turned off.

2-2
 Table 2-1. MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment, Controls and Indicators (Continued)
Figure 2-1
Find Number Control, Indicator, or Display Functional Description
5 PRMRY indicator Indicator lights after power up to indicate the gyrocompass is
the primary compass system. When the gyrocompass is in a
dual compass configuration, indicator lights to indicate if the
compass is the primary compass.
6 SEC indicator When the gyrocompass is in a dual compass configuration,
indicator lights to indicate if gyrocompass is the secondary or
backup compass.
7 HEADING display After the compass has obtained operating speed, it provides a
continuous display of the corrected heading to the nearest
tenth of a degree
8 FAULT.indicator.. Indicator lights when a fault is detected in the gyrocompass
equipment. The indicator flashes when there are
unacknowledged alarms.
9 TEST switch When switch is pressed, all displays and indicators on the
Display Assembly are lit and the audible alarm sounds for one
second.
10 MUTE switch The MUTE switch serves two functions:

• Used to silence the audible alarm when a fault is

detected by the system. This acknowledges new
faults.

• If the switch is held down when a fault is detected

by the system, it is used to step through the
stored detected faults displayed in the data display.
11 Increase intensity control When switch is pressed, increases the intensity of the
indicators on the Display Assembly and generally darkens the
backpanel lighting
12 Decrease intensity control When switch is pressed, decreases the intensity of the
indicators on the Display Assembly and generally increases
the brightness of the backpanel lighting
13 Gyro indicator Used to identify the hardware as gyro "1" or gyro "2".

NOTE

In a dual system configuration the primary

system should be designated gyro 1 and the
secondary system should be designated gyro 2.
14 Speed display Used to indicate the current speed to the nearest knot
15 Latitude display Used to indicate the current latitude to the nearest degree

NOTE

A horizontal bar appears opposite an

inscribed "N" or "S" to indicate the sign of the
local latitude

2-3
 Table 2-1. MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment, Controls and Indicators (Continued)
Figure 2-1
Find Number Control, Indicator, or Display Functional Description
16 Data Display Used to display the menu options and fault messages. The
display is arranged as follows:

• The first line indicates the current value/setting

and what values are available for adjustment.
, - •

• The second line indicates what the available

options are. The presence of square brackets
around any of the items on the second line
indicates that selection is not available and may
not be selected. If all entries are bracketed, the
item is fixed and cannot be altered.

Normally, the display remains at the last item scrolled in by

the operator.
17 Increase switch Used to increase the values displayed in the data display or
select next value.
18 Decrease switch Used to decrease the values displayed in the data display or
select previous value.
19 Scroll switch Used to scroll the menu displayed in the data display
20 Latitude switch Used to provide manual input of ship's latitude
21 Speed switch Used to provide manual input of ship's speed

2-3 OPERATING MODES AND PROCEDURES.

Upon initial power up and prior to entering the Settle mode, the system performs the automatic BITE process or Built
In Test and Evaluation. The system determines the hardware configuration. The system then proceeds to diagnose
and initialize the system's hardware components. Specifically, the system starts the watchdog timer, looks for a Course
Recorder Assembly and a Digital to Synchro Assembly. It checks the Gyro jumper (on the Motherboard) and sets the
GYRO indicator to either 1 or 2. It checks the primary/secondary jumper (on the Gyro Control Assembly) and turns
on either the PRMRY or SEC indicator. The system configures serial communication channels (on the Analog,
Digital, Serial Assembly, etc.). The settle mode indicator lights during gyro wheel auto leveling and settling of the
compass. The primary gyrocompass asserts control over the common output bus at power up, however data is not sent
and all remote heading repeaters are disabled until the gyro is up to speed.

The appropriate ACTIVE or STBY indicator is lit on the Display Assembly of each gyrocompass system (for dual
gyrocompass configurations) to indicate the operating mode. The primary gyrocompass system normally operates in
the active mode indicating that the system is controlling the output bus. In a dual configuration, the redundant (SEC)
system normally operates in the standby mode and is configured as the secondary system. The primary system by
default controls the common output bus that is shared by the primary and secondary gyrocompass systems. Only the
outputs from the active gyrocompass system are enabled onto the common output bus and made available to external
devices.

The state of the gyro determines whether compass cold or warm starting procedures should be followed. The cold start
procedure is used when the gyro wheel is inactive and the warm start procedure is used when the gyro wheel is active

2-4
as defined in paragraphs 2-3.1 and 2-3.2. Power is applied to the system by turning the main power switch on the
Electronics Control Unit to the ON position. The power switch is accessed by removing the small cover plate on the
top of the ECU cabinet. Upon power-up the gyro control circuitry is initialized and the gyro wheel is checked for
movement. If the wheel is stopped, the system will go through the "cold" start.

2-3.1 Cold Starting the Compass. The following sequence of events will occur when performing the cold start
procedure. Some of the listed steps allow operator intervention.

(1) Two audio beeps are sounded and the operator will be prompted for a heading input. Enter the ship's
heading when the ENTER HEADING prompt appears on the LCD display. If heading data is not
entered within five (5) minutes, the gyro proceeds with an auto level process.

(2) The yoke will be offset based on the reference heading (operator provided or last known heading).
The yoke will be slewed clockwise or counterclockwise.

(3) The gyro wheel is brought up to speed within fourteen (14) minutes.

(4) The gyro wheel is leveled by slewing the yoke back towards the heading until the wheel is level.

(5) The yoke is toggled by slewing back and forth to level the ballistic. This process takes approximately
4 minutes.

(6) The gyrocompass will enter the run mode and settle automatically within five (5) hours without any
operator action other than turning the power on. If the operator enters a heading, the gyrocompass
will settle within one hour as described in 2-3.3. The SETTLE indicator lamp will go off after one
hour.

2-3.2 Warm Starting the Compass. The following sequence of events will occur when performing the warm start
procedure.

(1) The gyro wheel speed is checked. If the gyro wheel is not at run speed, the gyro wheel is brought up
to speed as described in 2-3.1 (3).

(2) If the gyro wheel is already level then the HEADING display is available and displayed momentarily.
The system will then enter the run mode. After entering the run mode the system will settle within
five hours. The SETTLE indicator lamp will go off after five hours.

(3) If the gyro wheel is not level then the gyro wheel leveling process is initiated and continues to step
(4).
(4) After the gyro wheel is brought up to speed and leveled the yoke is toggled as described in 2-3.1 (5).

(5) The compass enters the run mode and indicates settled within 5 hours.

2-3.3 Fast Settle Procedure. If the turn-on self-test routine is successful and a cold start-up is in process, ENTER
HEADING will appear on the Display Assembly. Entering the ship's present heading allows a much faster settle
process. The system will settle within one hour if the operator enters true heading from a reliable source. The
ENTER HEADING message appears as:

ENTER HEADING XXX0

0-359°

Where XXX is heading in degrees

2-5
 NOTE
If the operator enters a heading which is off by more than 20° of the true heading,
the settle process will take five (5) hours even though the compass system will report
settled within one hour.

NOTE
The operator may ignore the system's request to ENTER HEADING information.
The system will time out after 5 minutes and proceed with automatic alignment of
the compass with the actual heading.

Enter the correct heading by pressing and holding either the right arrow for increasing the heading value or the left
arrow for decreasing the heading value toward the desired heading. Use the control arrow that will adjust the heading
value in the most efficient way. Remove your finger from the control arrow when thé desired heading is displayed.
Ten seconds later the, ENTER.HEADING message will be removed and the Electronic Control Unit will drive the
Master Compass to within 30° of the operator entered heading.

Bypass the Fast Settle Option by pressing the scroll switch and the system will proceed into automatic operation. If
a heading is not entered and scroll is not pressed, the system will time-out after five minutes and proceed with
automatic operation.

2-3.4 Automatic Operation. The system enters automatic operation when startup BITE functions are complete, the
heading is manually updated, the five minute system time-out expires, or upon warm start. No further operator action
is required until the system has attained wheel speed and completed auto-leveling procedures unless faults occur. This
will take approximately 10 minutes. With no further operator action, the system will display the repeater initialization
menu; however, the second line of the Display Assembly is bracketed until the gyro is up to speed.

2-3.5 Fault Acknowledgement Along with performing basic power checks, the system proceeds with the system
monitoring BITE process. The audible alarm activates if any failures occur during the BITE process. An advisory
message appears on the Display Assembly if the MUTE control button is pressed. The audible alarm is also silenced
when the operator pushes the MUTE control button. After the operator silences the alarm, the fault lamp will remain
on if the fault condition still exists. If the fault condition no longer exists, releasing the MUTE key will clear the fault
from the display. Record any fault messages that appear on the display. Each fault will be displayed for two seconds
before the next fault, if any, is displayed. A small arrow at thé end of the second display line will indicate that
additional faults are present. After the last fault is displayed, the first fault will be displayed again. Table 2-2 lists the
fault messages which the operator can respond to and lists the corrective actions. Table 2-3 lists common problems
that can occur with the optional course recorder and that can be corrected by the operator.

Several faults are considered critical faults and will stop the gyro wheel. This means the system is non-functional and
heading data is not useable. In single systems the operator should attempt to correct the problem by cycling the power.
If the problem persists, an alternate heading source should be used. In a dual system an attempt will be made to
transfer to the secondary compass (see paragraph 2-6.3). Critical faults include the following:

PROM checksum self-test failure at powerup

Volatile RAM read/write self-test failure at powerup
Excessive start current
Excessive gyro spin motor current
Excessive pickoff voltage fault
Excessive heading rate fault
Gyro Control Assembly fault
Excessive starting voltage
Synchro/Digital Converter Assembly fault

2-6
 Table 2-2. Operator Intervention Fault Codes Associated with the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment
Appropriate Action

Fault Message Fault Code Description Explanation

Software PROM fails 00 PROM checksum self-test failure Attempt to clear fault by cycling
to verify (power-up) power. If problem persists, use an
Critical fault alternate heading source. Record
fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.
Software RAM fails 01 Volatile RAM read/write self-test Attempt to clear fault by cycling
to read/write failure (power-up) power. If problem persists, use an
Critical fault alternate heading source. Record
fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.
Panel data fails to 02 . Nonvolatile RAM operator's data Record fault and contact the Sperry
verify checksum self-test failure (power-up) Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
- actions.
Panel LCD display busy 03 LCD update not complete within 60 Faulty Display Driver Assembly
fault JJS 1980743 or Analog/Digital/Serial
Assembly 1980699. Record fault
and contact the Sperry Marine Inc.
field service department to provide
corrective actions.
Excessive start current 10 Gyro spin motor current fails to drop Attempt to clear fault by cycling
below acceptable threshold. power. If problem persists, use an
Critical fault alternate heading source. Faulty
Servo-Regulator 1980715 or
Binnacle. Record fault and contact
the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Excessive current after 11 Gyro spin motor current has failed to Attempt to clear fault by cycling
speed stable •drop below acceptable threshold after power. If problem persists, use an
gyro wheel has reached operational alternate heading source. Faulty
spin rate Servo-Regulator 1980715 or
Critical fault Binnacle. Record fault and contact
the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Excessive pickoff 12 Pickoff Error exceeds 0.353 volts Attempt to clear fault by cycling
voltage Critical fault power. If problem persists, use an
alternate heading source. Faulty
Servo-Regulator 1980715. Record
fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.

2-7
 Table 2-2. Operator Intervention Fault Codes Associated with the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment
(Continued)
Appropriate Action
nv
Ui
Fault Message Fault Code Description Explanation
Heading Change Excessive 13 Heading rate exceeds 80 Attempt to clear fault by cycling
degrees/second for at least 2 seconds power. If problem persists, use an
Critical fault alternate heading source. Gyro
Wheel has possibly dumped.
Record fault and contact the Sperry
Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Gyro Control analog 14 A/D conversion not completed within Attempt to clear fault by cycling
busy fault 20 microseconds power. If problem persists, use an
Critical fault alternate heading source. Faulty
Gyro Control Assembly 1980703.
Record fault and contact the Sperry
Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Gyro Control analog 15 Gyro Control Interface A/D Faulty Gyro Control Assembly
test fault converter fails the self-test 1980703. Record fault and contact •
the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Course Recorder analog 16 A/D conversion not completed within Faulty Course Recorder Assembly
busy fault 4 microseconds 1980709. Record fault and contact
the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Course Recorder analog 17 Value readback from A/D converter Faulty Course Recorder Assembly
test fault does not match value written to DAC 1980709. Record fault and contact
in test mode the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective .
actions.
Excessive Voltage fault 18 Voltage sense exceeds 19V BIT fault Attempt to clear fault by cycling
(power-up) power. If problem persists, use an
Critical fault alternate heading source. Faulty
Servo Regulator Assembly. Record
fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.
Panel Data Out of 19 User NOVRAM data contains illegal Faulty CPU. (This could also
Range values (power-up). occur if PROMS are upgraded. In
this case all user entered settings
should be checked). Record fault
and contact the Sperry Marine Inc.
field service department to provide
corrective actions.

2-8
 Table 2-2. Operator Intervention Fault Codes Associated with the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment
(Continued)
Appropriate Action
\Jl

Fault Message Fault Code Description Explanation

Gyro, synchro converter 20 Synchro/Digital Converter BIT fault Attempt to clear fault by cycling
fault Critical fault power. If problem persists, use an
alternate heading source. Faulty
Synchro-to-Digital Converter.
Record fault and contact the Sperry
Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Step channel 1 data 21 Heading repeater data is erroneous Faulty Step Data Driver card # 1 in
failure. . (step code readback differs from step slot J5. Record fault and contact
code sent) the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Step channel 2 data 22 Heading repeater data is erroneous Faulty Step Data Driver card # 1 in
failure (step code readback differs from step slot J5. Record fault and contact
code sent) the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Step channel 3 data 23 Heading repeater data is erroneous Faulty Step Data Driver card # 1 in
failure (step code readback differs from step slot J5. Record fault and contact
code sent) the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.

Step channel 4 data 24 Heading repeater data is erroneous Faulty Step Data Driver card # 1 in
failure (step code readback differs from step slot J5. Record fault and contact
code sent) the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Step channel S data 25 Heading repeater data is erroneous Faulty Step Data Driver card # 2 in
failure (step code readback differs from step slot J6. Record fault and contact
code sent) the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Step channel 6 data 26 Heading repeater data is erroneous Faulty Step Data Driver card #2 in
failure (step code readback differs from step slot J6. Record fault and contact
code sent) the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Step channel 7 data 27 Heading repeater data is erroneous Faulty Step Data Driver card #2 in
failure (step code readback differs from step slot J6. Record fault and contact
code sent) the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.

2-9
 Table 2-2. Operator Intervention Fault Codes Associated with the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment
(Continued)
Appropriate Action
nr

Fault Message Fault Code Description Explanation

Step channel 8 data 28 Heading repeater data is erroneous Faulty Step Data Driver card #2 in
failure (step code readback differs from step slot J6. Record fault and contact
code sent) the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Auto Level failed: 5 hour 30 The Fast Settle process has failed. A Electronics Unit was not able to
settle required normal 5 hour settle for the compass erect the tilt of the compass. Must
is required wait on normal settle to erect Tilt.
Not a critical fault, however, it may
indicate failures in the tilt sensing.
After 5 hour settle, heading should
be verified against a magnetic
compass to ensure proper
operation. If heading does not
report correctly, record fault and
contact the Sperry Marine Inc. field
service department to provide
corrective actions.
Excessive error between 40 Difference between corrected heading One or both of the compasses may
compasses values exceeds operator-set error be malfunctioning or the tolerance
tolerance may be too narrow for a tight turn.
(Dual compass configurations only) If a visual examination indicates
that both compasses are
functioning properly, try increasing
the error tolerance; otherwise, call
the service representative.
Serial 232A-RX data 50 Loss of receiver interrupts for 30 sec Either sender is down or the serial
input missing on serial channel 232A-RX (if any connection has failed. Record fault
NMEA 0183 installed) and contact the Sperry Marine Inc.
field service department to provide
corrective actions.
Serial 232A-RX data 51 Framing Error; invalid bit format (if Sender's message protocol is
input invalid any NMEA 0183 installed) incorrect. Record fault and contact
the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Serial 232A-RX data 52 Overrun Error; input too fast (if any Indicates DUART failure. Record
input invalid NMEA 0183 installed) fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.
Serial 232A-TX data 53 Loss of transmitter interrupts for 1 DUART failure. Faulty CPU or
output missing sec after character sent ADS Assembly. Record fault and
contact the Sperry Marine Inc. field
service department to provide
corrective actions.

2-10
 Table 2-2. Operator Intervention Fault Codes Associated with the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment
(Continued)
Appropriate Action

Fault Message Fault Code Description Explanation

Serial 422B-RX data 54 Loss of receiver interrupts for 30 sec Either sender is down or the serial
input missing on serial channel 422B-RX (if any connection has failed or DU ART
NMEA 0183 installed) failure. Record fault and contact
the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Serial 422B-RX data 55 Framing Error; invalid bit format (if Sender's message protocol is
input invalid any NMEA 0183 installed) incorrect or bad connection.
Record fault and contact the Sperry
Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Serial 422B-RX data 56 Overrun Error; input too fast (if any Indicates DUART failure. Record
input invalid NMEA 0183 installed) fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.
Serial 422B-TX data 57 Loss of transmitter interrupts for 1 DUART failure. Faulty CPU
output missing sec after character sent and/or ADS Assembly. Record
fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.
Serial 232C-TX data 58 Loss of transmitter interrupts for 1 DUART failure. Faulty CPU
output missing sec after character sent and/or ADS Assembly. Record
fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.
Serial PRINT-TX data 60 Loss of transmitter interrupts for 1 Printer off, cable bad, or DUART
output missing sec after character sent (Course failure. Faulty CPU.and/or ADS
Recorder option only) Assembly. Record fault and
contact the Sperry Marine Inc. field
service department to provide
corrective actions.
Serial INTR_COM_X data 70 Loss of receiver interrupts for 30 sec Either standby compass serial
input missing on serial channel INTR_COM_X connection is down or the primary
(dual compass configuration only) connection has failed. Record fault
and contact the Sperry Marine Inc.
field service department to provide
corrective actions.
Serial INTR_COM_X data 71 Framing Error; invalid bit format Standby compass message protocol
input invalid (dual compass configuration only) is incorrect. Record fault and
contact the Sperry Marine Inc. field
service department to provide
corrective actions.

2-11
 Table 2-2. Operator Intervention Fault Codes Associated with the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment
(Continued)
Appropriate Action

Fault Message Fault Code Description Explanation

Serial INTR_COM_X data 72 Overrun Error; input too fast (dual Indicates DUART failure. Record
input invalid compass configuration only) fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.
Serial INTR_COM_X data 73 Loss of transmitter interrupts for 1 DUART failure. Faulty CPU
output missing sec after character sent (dual and/or ADS Assembly. Record
compass configuration only) fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
rr provide corrective actions.
Speed Log XXXXXX data - 80» No VBWyVHW message^receivedfor • Eithersender down or the serial .
input missing 30 seconds connection has failed. Record fault
and contact the Sperry Marine Inc.
(Where XXXXXX is "Serial" or Loss of Pulse data for S minutes if field service department to provide
"Pulse" depending on speed of at least 15 knots has been corrective actions.
configuration) reached.
Speed log not functioning properly.
Speed Log Serial data 81 Invalid VBW/VHW message format Transmission failure or fault in
format invalid sender. Check sender for failure or
format fault. Record fault and
contact the Sperry Marine Inc. field
service department to provide
corrective actions.
Speed Log XXXXXX data 82 Speed data is outside 0-99 knots Transmission failure or fault in
out of range range (any speed <0 or >99 knots) sender (Serial). Check speed log.
Record fault and contact the Sperry
(Where XXXXXX is "Serial" or Marine Inc. field service
"Pulse" depending on department to provide corrective
configuration) actions.

Missing pulse data or pulse interval

too short. Check speed log.
Record fault and contact the Sperry
Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Speed Log Serial data 83 Speed data null or marked invalid Sender's method of indicating data
input invalid unavailable or data invalid. Record
fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.
Latitude Serial data 84 No GGA/GLL message received for Either sender down or the serial
input missing 30 seconds connection has failed. Record fault
and contact the Sperry Marine Inc.
field service department to provide
corrective actions.

2-12
 Table 2-2. Operator Intervention Fault Codes Associated with the MK 37 VT Digital Gyrocompass Equipment
(Continued)
Appropriate Action
Ul
Fault Message Fault Code Description Explanation
Latitude Serial data 85 Invalid GGA/GLL message format Transmission failure or fault in
format invalid sender. Record fault and contact
the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Latitude Serial data 86 Latitude data is outside of [0..80 deg Transmission failure or fault in
out of range N/S] range sender. Record fault and contact
the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Latitude Serial data 87 Latitude data null or marked invalid Sender's method of indicating data
input invalid unavailable or data invalid. Record
fault and contact the Sperry Marine
Inc. field service department to
provide corrective actions.
Comparator Serial data 88 No intercompass message received PRIMARY or SECondary compass
input missing for 30 seconds. (Dual installations" is faulty or serial connection has
only) failed. Record fault and contact
the Sperry Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions.
Comparator Serial data 89 Invalid intercompass message format Transmission failure or fault in
format invalid (Dual installations only) secondary compass. Record fault
and contact the Sperry Marine Inc.
field service department to provide
corrective actions.
Comparator Serial data 90 Heading data is outside of [0-359.9°] Transmission failure or fault in
out of range range or Settle data is settled or not secondary compass. Record fault
settled. (Dual installations only) and contact the Sperry Marine Inc.
field service department to provide
corrective actions.
Comparator Serial data 91 Intercompass data null Transmission failure or fault in
input invalid (Dual installations only) secondary compass. Record fault
and contact the Sperry Marine Inc.
field service department to provide
corrective actions.

2-13

•••&-
 Table 2-3. Course Recorder Trouble Analysis: Chart
Symptom Probable Cause Remedy
Unable to print Course Recorder If date or time is changed It is not advisable to modify date
historical data (decreased) during normal or time during normal operation.
operation, the ability to print
historical data may be unusable
until 27 hours after the time or
date was changed.
Rudder data line prints on the Rudder print range probably Rudder print range should be set
edge of the rudder graph or is configured smaller than the at installation to encompass all
missing (no data) maximum or minimum achievable possible rudder angles. Contact
rudder angles. the Speny Marine Inc. field service
department to provide corrective
actions. ./
While printing Course Recorder When a historic time is requested None. This is normal operation.
historical data, a time gap. greater. that is newer than some samples in .Subsequent 10 minute header data
than 10 minutes is present memory, but which cannot be will be 10 minutes apart as usual.
located because the system was off
during that time, the printout will
begin with the last 10 minute
header data stored prior to the
entered time. As printing -
continues, a time gap greater than
10 minutes will be noticed at the
next 10 minute header.
Question marks (????) are printed If the printer is accidently turned Turn printer off at the MK 37
instead of graphic characters on a off during operation, the system panel and restart. The printer
graphic print or a strange font on a will normally reinitialize the should be turned on and remain on
tabular print printer when power is restored. If at all times.
the printer is off for a very short
time (less than 2 seconds) so that
the MK 37 VT has not detected
the problem and issued an alarm,
the printer may not recover.
Printer output in the wrong font or One of the printer buttons may The only buttons that should be
wrong characters have been pressed. pressed are:
1. LF/FF to load and remove
paper
2. ON/OFF (Operate)
All other buttons should not be
pressed.
Course Recorder historic printout Possible printer fault or Restart the printer at the MK 37
is in current time momentary loss of power Display Assembly
Course Recorder does not print Printer may not be on. Paper may Verify that printer power is on,
not be loaded.. Printer cable may paper loaded, and that the printer
not be connected to serial port. cable is attached to the serial port.
Course Recorder leaves a blank Printer Paper-Release lever not in Place lever in the middle position
page every 8-10 inches or has paper the middle, push-tractor position for push tractor installation.
feed problems

2-14
2-3.6 Initializing. Enabling. Synchronizing, and Disabling Step Repeaters. The system displays the repeater screen
to allow the operator to initialize or disable the repeaters. Optionally, the operator may decide to bypass the current
repeater screen by pressing the Scroll control arrow. If no repeaters are enabled, a NO REPEATERS menu will be
displayed instead. The Display Assembly presents the following information for each enabled repeater.

REPEATER CH 1-8: XXX

OFF, 0-359°

Where XXX indicates: ON if applicable repeater 1 through 8 has been selected; OFF
if applicable repeater is not initialized or selected; < value in degrees > during slew
to initialize a repeater to the heading value.

To initialize a repeater, read the repeater's current position. If the repeater is set to OFF, use the right arrow switch
to scroll through numeric values. The first number to appear will be the ship's current heading. Using the left or right
arrow switches, scroll the display to the repeater's current position. If the desired position is overshot, immediately
press the arrow in the other direction. As soon as the correct heading is obtained, remove your finger from the switch.
After 10 seconds have elapsed or upon moving to another menu, the system will step the repeater to the compass
heading. Remember to note the repeater's initial position, then use the MK 37 controls to enter the repeater's initial
position rather than the desired heading. Repeat this procedure until the repeater's heading indication agrees with
the master compass heading indication.

CAUTION
After initializing any repeater, make certain the repeater and the compass are in
synchronization. This double check is especially important if the repeater is used for
steering or establishing a bearing. If necessary repeat the synchronization process.

After completing initialization of the first repeater, press the Scroll control arrow to access the next repeater. Scroll
through the repeaters while looking at the channel number. The Display Assembly will display either OFF or ON.
To turn the repeater OFF, press the left arrow switch once.

All heading repeaters with a stored status of "enabled" at power-up will be turned on after the gyro is up to speed.
Synchronization of all the repeaters must be made using the above procedure.

2-3.7 Course Recording (Optional). The course recording feature allows the operator to plot a graph or to provide
a tabular listing of the ship's course. This feature is optional and is accessed from the data display menu. The graph
mode is the preferred method of course recording. The tabular mode is primarily used when closer examination of
a section of graphic print is desired. Press the Scroll control arrow to reach the optional Course Recorder menu to
adjust the date, time, and control the EPSON Compatible Graphics Set, 24-pin dot matrix printer. These screens are
not available unless the Course Recorder Option is installed.

Course recording in the graph mode is available for current heading data or for 27 hours of stored heading data. If
printing historical data, data is printed twice as fast than when printing current data as the CPU does not have to wait
for the data to be generated. After completing the printing of historical heading data, the printer will begin printing
current data. If the system loses power while in the course recorder mode, the system will begin printing when power
is restored.

The course recorder stores heading and rudder angle data in NOVRAM every second. Stored data is maintained
during power loss. Every ten minutes the following information is stored:

• Date and Time

• Speed and Latitude Source
• Speed and Latitude Values

2-15
 • Compass Status: Primary or Secondary, Active or Standby, Settle or Not Settled,
Critical Fault or No Critical Fault

After 27 hours the oldest stored data gets overwritten with new data. If the system is turned off, gaps in stored data
will occur. The NO VRAM will still contain up to 27 hours worth of data, but two ten minute blocks of stored data
may not be 10 minutes apart in-actual time. Gaps can also occur when the course recorder time or date are adjusted.
When a prior time before any stored samples is requested for historical print, the following message will be printed:

Selected time cannot be found.

Oldest available data: DD-MM-YY

There will be cases when, after restoring system power, the recorded heading data will not have any connection to the
new heading data. It may not even be within the same heading scale or quadrant. This case is known as a
discontinuity in heading. If the course recorder is requested to print historic data before and including a discontinuity,
the following message will be printed:

***** »Discontinuity in Heading Data, New Scale******

If a discontinuity occurs while the system is powered within a ten minute block that would require a heading change
greater than 30 degrees from the previous quadrant limits, the following message is printed:

******ERROR2******

If the discontinuity remains and is printed for four contiguous samples, the new heading data will be accepted, the
discontinuity line will be printed and a quadrant change will be made.

NOTE
During normal operation, it is not advisable to modify the date or time. If the date
or time is changed, especially decreased, the ability to print historical data may be
unusable until 27 hours after the date or time was changed.

DATE: DD-MMM-YY

Where DD is the day; MMM is the month; and YY is the year.

The DATE menu is accessed by pressing the SCROLL key from the repeater synchronization menu. Either use the
left pointing arrow to scroll backward one day at a time, or use the right pointing arrow to scroll forward one day at
a time. Day, month and year will wrap around as range limits are reached. If the cursor key is held, the days will
change at an accelerated rate. Press the Scroll control arrow to accept the displayed date and advance to the TIME
set menu. The course recorder date will be maintained and updated during power loss.

TIME: HH:MM
00:00-23:59 HH:MM

Where HH is hours and MM is minutes.

The TIME menu is accessed by pressing the SCROLL key from the DATE menu. Either use the left pointing arrow
to scroll toward 00:00, or use the right pointing arrow to scroll toward 23:59. The minutes will change at an
accelerated rate if the cursor key is held. Hours and minutes will wrap around as range limits are reached. Use the
Scroll control arrow to accept the displayed time and advance to the printer control menu.

2-16
 PRINTER: XXXX
GRAPH, OFF, TABLÉ

Where XXXX is the printer mode setting: OFF, GRAPH, or TABLE. Use either
the left or right pointing arrow to reach the desired mode.

The PRINTER menu is accessed by pressing the SCROLL key from the TIME menu. The current printer status will
be displayed. If the system has not completed auto level, the options will be bracketed [ ] indicating that they may not
be changed. The initial default printer mode is OFF. The course recorder mode will be maintained through power
loss. If the mode before power loss had been GRAPH or TABLE, printing will resume as soon as possible after power
up (wheel up to speed).

Use the left or right pointing arrow to print data in real time. Select OFF to disable the MK 37 output to the external
dot matrix printer. Select GRAPH to print the data using a graph format. Select TABLE to print the data in a
tabular format. Wait five seconds or press the SCROLL key and current data printing will begin. To print historical
data, press the SCROLL key before the five second timeout in order to enter the time of the data to be printed.

To print a prior time frame of stored heading data press the Scroll control arrow immediately after selecting GRAPH
or TABLE to display the following menu. Print the recorded data by selecting a beginning time and date using the
left and right pointing arrows.

PRINT: DD-MMM-YY
TIME: : HH:MM

Choose the printout's start time by using the left pointing arrow to scroll backward to the date and time. Use the right
pointing arrow to scroll forward in case of overshooting the desired start time. The printer will start five seconds after
releasing the pointing arrow or upon moving to another menu. The printer can be stopped by scrolling to the
PRINTER screen and selecting OFF.

NOTE
It is recommended that the printer settings such as font select, form feed, etc. NOT
be changed without first switching the PRINTER menu to OFF .

2-3.7.1 Coarse Recording - Graph Mode (Optional). The graphic printout contains the following:

(1) An initial banner including which compass (Primary or Secondary) is controlling the course recorder
output, an indication of vertical scaling, and a current time stamp
(2) Vertical lines with numeric labels defining the scaling for heading, rudder 1 and rudder 2 (when
present)
(3) Horizontal lines at two minute intervals indicating time, with a time stamp every ten minutes: XX:XX
(4) A graph within the vertical scaling lines representing:

• Current heading to the nearest tenth of a degree

• Current Rudder 1 and Rudder 2 position (when configured) to the nearest degree

The heading data scale represents 90 degrees of heading range, in four quadrants. The quadrant is marked by a
quadrant graph to the left of the heading plot. The quadrant number is used to select the scale numbers associated
with a given heading. Heading values increase to the right in quadrants 1 and 3 and decrease to the right for quadrants
2 and 4 as shown in Table 2-4.

2-17
 Table 2-4. Ship's Heading Range vs. Graph Quadrant Number
Quadrant Number Heading Range Increasing Direction Decreasing Direction
1 0°- 90° Right Left
2 90°- 180» Left Right
3 180°- 270° Right Left
4 270°- 360° Left Right

Rudder data representation has a fixed scale, centered at 0°, with the range set at system installation. The print range
of the rudder is configureable at installation in five degree increments. Each dot of the horizontal line represents a
given amount of rudder motion based on the configured rudder print range. The rudder scale is divided into ten
segments between 0° and the maximum (plus & minus) configured print setting. Table 2-5 gives the degrees per dot.
resolution versus configured rudder print range.

Table 2-5. Rudder Print Range Resolution

Rudder Print Range (in degrees) Degrees Per Dot
-20....+20 2.0
-25....+25 2.5
-30....+30 3.0
-35....+35 3.5
-40....+40 4.0
-45....+45 4.5
-50....+50 5.0
-55....+55 5.5
-60....+60 6.0
-65....+Ö5 6.5
-70....+70 7.0
-75....+75 7.5

NOTE
If the rudder print range at time of installation is set smaller than achievable rudder
. range, no graphic representation for rudder will be printed when the rudder is
outside of the limited range.

NOTE
If the rudder print range at time of installation is set much larger than the possible
rudder input values, rudder resolution on the graphic course recorder output will be
reduced.

For example, Figure 2-2 shows a graph of the active compass which is the primary compass. The number of rudders
is set up during the installation process. For graphs showing no rudder or one rudder printout, each dot on the
heading graph represents 2° per dot. For dual rudder printouts, each dot on the heading graph represents 3° per dot.
When the ship's heading reaches a limit shown on the graph, a quadrant change occurs. The plot of the quadrant will

2-18
 Sptrry lUrin* OaU tecordcr

Virtual Scale: 10 in/hr, 2 iin tiie grid port (-), starboard (•)

Priiary Coipa» (SEE NOTE

24 HOUR
COURSE RECORDER
TIME STAMP

QUADRANT 1

QUADRANT

QUADRANT

QUADRANT 2

QUADRANT 3 <

DATE STAMP

J
QUADRANT RUDDER POSITION
PLOT COURSE HEADING PLOT
PLOT

Notes:
1. Indicates Active compass (either Primary or Secondary for Dual Configurations)

Figure 2-2. Example Course Recorder Strip Chart Graph (Shown for Illustrative Purposes Only)

2-19
switch to the new quadrant and the line representing heading will touch the heading graph edge on the edge that was
exceeded. Data will increase in the opposite direction from the previous quadrant. As Figure 2-2 demonstrates, the
course position starts in quadrant 2 where at 09:11 the ship's heading decreases to the right from 116° towards 90°.
When the heading plot reaches the scale limit at 90°, the plot moves into quadrant 1 where the ship's heading
continues to decrease to the left toward 0°. When the heading plot reaches the scale limit at 0°, the plot moves into
quadrant 4 where the ship's heading continues to decrease to thé right toward 270°. When the heading plot then
reaches the scale limit at 270°, the heading plot then moves into quadrant 3 and the ship's heading continues to
decrease to the left toward 180°. When the heading plot reaches the scale limit at 180°, the plot moves into quadrant
2 where the ship's heading continues to decrease to the right toward 90°. The ship's heading remains in this quadrant
from 09:20 to about 09:30 and changes direction several times until it reaches the scale limit at 180° and increases to
the right in quadrant 3 where it then again changes direction several times.

2-3.7.2 Course Recording - Table Mode (Optional). This choice will print a continuous table of the date, time, current
heading, and rudder angle sampled every second. Begin printing by using the left or right arrow to select TABLE.
After 5 seconds, the printer will begin to print and will continue to print until the operator sets the MK 37 PRINTER
menu option to OFF. A sample printout is shown in Figure 2-3. The following information is included in the tabular
printout:

(1) Header printed once every .ten, (10) minutes:

Date
Time .. ' ••'. V"'*" . . • '
Velocity Source
Latitude Source
Velocity
Latitude

(2) Four columns containing:

• Current time to the second in 24 hour format (XX:XX:XX)
• Current heading to the nearest tenth of a degree
• Current Rudder 1 position to the nearest degree or the words "Not Cfg"
• Current Rudder 2 position to the nearest degree or the words "Not Cfg"

2-3.73 Course Recording - Off Mode (Optional). The printer will stop printing by pressing the left or right pointing
arrow to select OFF. However, the heading information, time marks and rudder angle data will continue to be stored
inNOVRAM.

PRINTER: XXXX
GRAPH, OFF, TABLE

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 Sperry Marine Data Recorder
^&& SEENÖTE 1
Primary Compass •^^*fi*
—
- - ~ * _
— • - — • — ^^^
Dato "' I t a f i ^ —' VeJSfiuccA LatSouiBft^-^ Velodty juthnA»
17JUN94 15:52:57 MANUAL MANUAL 10.0 kt« ON /

Compac* Status: Primary/Active/ SetÜed / N o Critical Fault I

Buddst2
~-^ Heading
TJma / - - ^ Budded.
.—..
~^. _^ —-___
15:52:57 ^ 10 deg 10deg Æ
15:52:58 343.3 deg 10 deg 10deg W
15:52:59 344.2 deg 10 deg 10 deg M
15:53:00 344.8 deg 10 deg 10deg g
15:53:01 345.6 deg 10 deg 10deg M
15:53:02 346.5 deg 10 deg 10 deg m
15:53:03 347.3 deg 10 deg 10 deg SEE NOTE 2
15:53:04 348.5 deg 07 deg 07deg öcciwicÄ
15:53:05 348.9 deg 05 deg 05 deg
15:53:06 349.3 deg 04 deg 04 deg
15:53:07 349.7 deg 03 deg 03 deg
15:53:08 350.0 deg 02 deg 02 deg

NOTES:

1. INDICATES ACTIVE COMPASS (EITHER PRIMARY OR SECONDARY FOR DUAL CONFIGURATIONS)

2. HEADINGS PRINT EVERY 10 MINUTES

Figure 2-3. Example Course Recorder Table Mode (Shown for Illustrative Purposes Only)

2-4 DIRECT ACCESS MENUS.

The operator has the ability to directly access MODE, SPEED, and LATITUDE settings. The Display Assembly
provides a control switch for each of these items along with separate displays for SPEED and LATITUDE. The
Display Assembly provides MODE indicators for GYRO, ACTIVE, STBY, PRMRY, and SEC.

2-4.1 Mode (Active/Standby) Selection. For dual installations, the compass designated as PRMRY at installation time
may be manually placed in the ACTIVE or STBY mode with this menu option. This screen can be accessed directly
and immediately at any time by pressing the MODE switch. For single compass configurations or for SEC (secondary)
compasses in a dual configuration, the second line is shown in square brackets. Also if the secondary compass is not
powered or has a critical fault, the menu selections appear in brackets and may not be changed from ACTIVE.
Brackets indicate that the choice cannot be changed.

STATE: XXXX
ACTIVE, STANDBY

Where XXXX is ACTIVE or STANDBY mode.

Use the right or left pointing arrow to make the desired selection. See paragraph 2-6.3 for further information.

2-4.2 Speed Input. At system turn-on, the system will default to the speed source that existed when the system was
last switched off. The available modes are MANUAL or AUTOMATIC (ChA, ChB, PPM). This segment of the menu
is accessed directly and immediately by pressing the switch beside the speed control or switch. If the system is
configured for MANUAL only, AUTO will not appear on this screen. The operator sets the speed value when the
speed mode is MANUAL. Use the left or right arrow switches to scroll from AUTO to a manual value. The AUTO
mode requires a speed source from either ChA, ChB, or Pulses Per Nautical Mile (PPM).

2-21
 NOTE
ChA is the RS232 Input Channel A and ChB is the RS422 Input Channel B.

SPEED: XX
0-70 KTS, AUTO

Where XX is the speed in knots.

Use the right pointing arrow to increase the speed toward 70 knots and then to AUTO. Use the left pointing arrow
to reduce the speed toward 0 knots. If AUTO is selected no further action is required by the operator. Once the
desired selection has been made, the new value will be used by the system after a three (3) second delay or upon
changing to a different menu. Automatic speed is filtered and will take approximately six (6) seconds to display the
exact received value on the panel LEDs and to use the new speed throughout the system.

CAUTION
It is important to update speed when using manual speed entry because speed
correction is used to maintain an accurate corrected heading. A compass system with
improper speed input may report a corrected heading with as much as 5 degrees of
error.

NOTE
The speed value chosen and displayed by the MK 37 VT may not be the same value
used and displayed by other systems. The MK 37 VT must use the best available
speed to correct for the effects of motion over the rotating surface of the earth.
Other systems may have different requirements for speed input, especially steering
equipment which often uses and displays water speed.

2-4.3 Latitude Input At system turn-on, the system will default to the latitude source that existed when the system
was last switched off. The available modes are MANUAL or AUTO. This segment of the menu is accessed directly
and immediately by pressing the switch beside the LATITUDE control or switch. The operator sets the latitude value
when the latitude mode is MANUAL. Use the left or right arrow switches to scroll from AUTO to a manual value.
If the system is configured for MANUAL operation, the word AUTO will not appear on this screen.

LATITUDE: XX
80°S-80°N, AUTO

Use the right pointing arrow to move toward more northerly latitudes or use the left pointing arrow to move toward
more southerly latitudes. Three (3) seconds after releasing the pointing arrow, the LAT display and the pointing bar
at the LATITUDE indicator will switch indicating whether North (top bar) or South (bottom bar) Latitude is
applicable. On the Display Assembly, South latitude is indicated by XX°S. North latitude is indicated by XX°N. If
automatic input (ChA or ChB) is chosen no further operator action is required.

2=22-
 NOTE
ChA is the RS232 Input Channel A and ChB is the RS422 Input Channel B.

CAUTION
It is important to update latitude when using manual latitude entry because latitude
correction is used to maintain an accurate corrected heading. A compass system with
improper latitude input may report a corrected heading with as much as 5 degrees
of error or 10 degrees of error if the hemisphere is wrong.

2-5 SYSTEM TURN-OFF.

Set thesystem power &witckon,Jthe,Electronics.Control Unit to off. This action will remove all operating power to
the system.

2-6 DUAL COMPASS OPERATION.

In a dual compass configuration, one gyrocompass system is designated as the primary compass and the other
gyrocompass system is designated as the secondary or backup compass. The primary gyrocompass system is, by default,
the active gyrocompass system that controls the common bus used to communicate heading information to external
devices. Should the CPU of the primary gyrocompass system detect a critical fault, an automatic transfer enables the
control of the common bus to the secondary gyrocompass system. A transfer of control from the primary gyrocompass
system to the secondary gyrocompass system causes the outputs from the primary system to be removed from the
common bus and the outputs from the secondary system are gated onto the common bus for use by external devices.
The transfer is made only if the secondary system indicates that it is powered and is fully operational. After the
transfer is made, the secondary system operates in the ACTIVE mode and the primary system operates in the standby
mode.

2-6.1 Compass Comparator (Optional). This menu is only available in dual MK 37 VT systems equipped with the
Course Recorder option and configured at installation for the comparator feature in dual compass installations. The
menu is accessed by pressing the SCROLL control arrow from the Print Time menu. This optional feature allows the
operator to adjust the width of the comparison zone on dual compass installations. When the comparator mode is
ON, the "ACTIVE" compass generates a fault if the standby compass heading differs from the "ACTIVE" compass
heading value exceeding the operator entered error band.

COMPARATOR: XXX0
3°-10°, OFF

Where XXX is the comparison zone from 3 to 10 degrees or OFF.

Use the left pointing arrow to decrease the comparison zone, or use the right pointing arrow to increase the
comparison zone. Once the display reaches 10°, the display moves to the OFF setting. Press the Scroll control arrow
to exit from this menu.

Compass comparison occurs when both gyrocompass systems have settled and are normally computing corrected
heading values. The computed heading differences are averaged to prevent spurious alarms. Using data received from
the secondary compass, the ACTIVE compass performs the comparison and alarms during a fault condition. Heading
differences are averaged over 30 seconds and once that average exceeds the tolerance, an alarm is generated
immediately.

2-23
2-6.2 Common Output Bus. The primary and secondary gyrocompass systems share a common output bus. However,
the system that is currently operating in the ACTIVE mode maintains control of the output bus. Only the outputs
from the ACTIVE gyrocompass system are available to external devices. Indicators on the Display Assembly will light
to indicate the system's operational mode.

In dual MK 37 VT installations it is sometimes necessary for other equipment (steering systems with OFF Course
features) to monitor the output of each compass simultaneously. For that reason the following outputs are not on
the Common Output Bus (unswitched outputs):

• 24VDC Step Channel No. 8

• RS232 Serial Output Channel C
• IX 115VAC, 400Hz Synchro Output (Optional)

It is important to remember that if these outputs are used on a dual MK 37 VT system that they do not switch to the
active system.

The system enables the appropriate» ACTIVE or STBY-indicator lights OH theDisplay Assembly-of each gyrocompass
system to indicate the operating mode. The primary gyrocompass system normally operates in the active mode. In
a dual configuration, the secondary system normally operates in the standby mode. The primary system, by default,
controls the common output bus that is shared by the primary and secondary gyrocompass systems. Only the outputs
from the ACTIVE gyrocompass system are enabled onto the common output bus and made available to external
devices.

2-6.3 Compass Transfer. The compass transfer process activates whenever the operator presses the MODE switch.
and selects STBY on the Display Assembly of the primary system. The compass transfer process also activates after
a critical system fault on the primary system (see paragraph 2-3.5).

NOTE
The compass transfer process activates only if the primary system's Gyro Control
Assembly indicates the system configuration is dual, the secondary compass system
is powered, and is fully operational.

NOTE
Only the outputs from the ACTIVE compass controls the common output bus and
provides heading information to external devices.

A compass operating in STANDBY mode will not alarm if the difference in heading values between dual compasses
exceeds the operator-selected error tolerance. If, however, a transfer of the compass from the STANDBY mode to
the ACTIVE mode occurs, the operator may decide to turn the comparator feature on after both compasses have
settled (see paragraph 2-6.1).

When printing in any mode, the MK 37 system generates a banner or printed notice after a compass transfer has
occurred. The banner consists of the "Sperry Marine Data Recorder" title, the primary/secondary status of the compass
now printing, and the time (to the second) of the transfer.

2-24
 NOTE
The operator should always operate the Primary Gyro in the Active Mode. The
operator should only switch to the Secondary system under abnormal situations. If
the Secondary system should fail when Active, the operator must power cycle the
Primary unit to regain outputs from the system (cannot switch Primary back to
Active).

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