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    لاب سيركت 1

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    AseeR
    This document provides an overview of circuit analysis methods including Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, and superposition theorem. It includes the theory, objectives, and process for each method. Tables show calculations and measurements for circuit examples, verifying the theoretical analyses. The conclusion states that the experimental results validate the theoretical analyses and discusses how Thevenin/Norton equivalents simplify circuits and how superposition evaluates individual source responses.

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    لاب سيركت 1

    Uploaded by

    AseeR
    30 views8 pages
    This document provides an overview of circuit analysis methods including Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, and superposition theorem. It includes the theory, objectives, and process for each method. Tables show calculations and measurements for circuit examples, verifying the theoretical analyses. The conclusion states that the experimental results validate the theoretical analyses and discusses how Thevenin/Norton equivalents simplify circuits and how superposition evaluates individual source responses.

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    This document provides an overview of circuit analysis methods including Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, and superposition theorem. It includes the theory, objectives, and process for each method. Tables show calculations and measurements for circuit examples, verifying the theoretical analyses. The conclusion states that the experimental results validate the theoretical analyses and discusses how Thevenin/Norton equivalents simplify circuits and how superposition evaluates individual source responses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views8 pages

    لاب سيركت 1

    Uploaded by

    AseeR
    This document provides an overview of circuit analysis methods including Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, and superposition theorem. It includes the theory, objectives, and process for each method. Tables show calculations and measurements for circuit examples, verifying the theoretical analyses. The conclusion states that the experimental results validate the theoretical analyses and discusses how Thevenin/Norton equivalents simplify circuits and how superposition evaluates individual source responses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    ‫‪Thevenin & Norton‬‬

    ‫‪Superposition‬‬
    ‫‪Groub‬‬
    ‫المعتصم باهلل حسن عوف‬
    ‫ابراهيم حبوش‬
    ‫محمود عواد‬
    Index:
    1- Introduction about experiment (page 2)
    2-Opjecteves(page 2)
    3-Theory overview about (Thevenin)+(Norton)
    (Superposition) (page 3+4)
    4- Table+ circuits+ calculations page( 5 + 6 +7 +8)
    5- Conclusion(page 8)

    introduction about experiment :


    in this experiment we will study Methods of analyzing an electrical
    circuit , Thevenin , Norton and superposition .

    $Objectives:
    1* simplify resistive circuit in DC by using thevenin & Norton
    equivalents.
    2* verify maximum power transfer theorem.
    3* learn about potentiometers (variable resistors).
    $Theory:
    You can simplify any circuit by using the method you learn in the
    previous two experiments but now we will learn addition method to
    simplify the circuits.

    A# Thevenin’s Theorem:
    The meaning of this theorem is that any linear network may, with
    respect to a pair of terminals be replaced by an equivalent voltage
    source VTh(equal to the open circuit voltage) in series with a resistance
    RTh seen between these terminals. To evaluate VTh and RTh follow the
    steps:
    1. Open-circuit the terminals to which Thevenin’s equivalent is desired.
    2. RTh is the total resistance at open circuit terminals, when all voltage
    source replaced by short circuits, & all current sources replace by open
    circuits. 3. VTh is the voltage across the open-circuit terminals. 4.
    replace the original circuit with Thevenin’s equivalent circuit.

    B# Norton’s Theorem:
    The concept of this theorem that any linear network may, with respect
    to a pair of terminals, be replaced by a current source IN (equal to the
    short-circuit current) in parallel with the resistance RTh seen between
    the two terminals. To evaluate IN and RN follow the steps:
    1. Open-circuit the terminals to which Norton’s equivalent is desired.
    2. RN=RTh.
    3. IN represent the short circuit current passing through the terminals.
    4. replace the original circuit with Norton equivalent circuit.

    C# Superposition Theorem:
    The superposition theorem is a theorem that states that the voltage
    or current in any part of a linear circuit with multiple sources is
    equal to the sum of the voltages or currents caused by each source
    acting alone. A linear circuit is a circuit that follows two principles:
    homogeneity and additivity. Homogeneity means that if you
    multiply the input by a constant, the output also gets multiplied by
    the same constant. Additivity means that if you add two inputs, the
    output is the sum of the outputs for each input.

    Table+ circuits+ calculations:


    Thevenin’s Theorem:

    2.16k/(3.26+2.16)k = 4.78 V

    Vth=4.78

    2.16k×3.26/(2.16k+3.26) + 980 = 2.28 kΩ


    2.28 kΩ = RTh

    IL = 2.91 *2.16/(1.447k +2.16)=1.74mA


    Calculated and measured VTh , RTh and IL :
    Vth Rth IL
    Calculated 4.78V 2.28 kΩ 1.74mA
    Measured 4.80V 2.27kΩ 1.76mA

    Norton’s Theorem:
    Total Resistance of the circuit to the Source is:-
    2+ (6||3)….. (||=in parallel with)
    RT = 2+ [(3× 6) / (3+ 6)]
    RT = 2 + 2=4
    RT=4Ω
    IT=v/RT
    IT=12V/4Ω
    IT=3A

    Current Divider Rule


    ISC = IN =3A × [(6 / (3+6)] = 2A
    ISC = IN = 2A

    3 + (6||2)……. (|| = in parallel with)


    RN = 3 + [(6 × 2) / (6+2)]
    RN = 3 + 1.5
    RN = 4.5Ω

    In1 In2 InT Rn IL


    Calculated 5.3A __> 6.7A<___ 1.4A 4.5Ω 1.5A
    Measured 5 .8A__> 6.5A<___ 0.7A 4.46Ω 1.43A

    Superposition Theorem:
    Rt: 1/3.3+½.2=1.32Ω
    Rt=1.32+1.2=2.52KΩ
    IT=10/2.52=3.97mA=I3^
    I3^^=5.24/2.2=2.38mA
    I3=3.97-2.38=1.6
    I3^ I3^^ I3 V3^ V3^^ V3
    Calculated 3.97A 2.38A 1.60A 4.76V 5.24V 0.48V
    Measured 3.96A 2.36A 1.58A 4.8V 5.2V 0.4V

    Conclusion :
    1. the experimental result allow the verification of the theoretical
    analysis.
    2. in Norton & thevnin analysis the equivalency is with respect to a
    selected pair of terminals(& it's used to reduced amore complex
    circuit).
    3. the superposition theorem, the response across each element in a
    linear, active, bilateral network with more than one source is the sum
    of the responses obtained from each source evaluated independently,
    and all other sources are replaced by their internal resistance.

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