CH 54 - Community Ecology
CH 54 - Community Ecology
CH 54 - Community Ecology
unity Ecology
Community :
a group of populations of different species living in close
proximity
lnterspecificlnteractions relationships between life of:
an organism da its
Ecolog.la/NlChe- :
specific set of biotic da abiotic
P q
resources an
organism uses in envlr .
living non
living
( competition)
← Resource Partitioning
7 species of lizards can coexist w/ same
niche by occupying different areas
-
another example is if one species only
eats at night & other during the day
( competition)
← diff beak
SIZES in
same island
txpotatonlt ,
-1 :
pre dotation ,
herbivory parasitism
,
•
Parasitism -
if live with hosts body :
endoparasites ( tapeworms )
species richness
is same but relative
abundance is
different
a-
greater diversity
b/c both
Energeticttypothesls :
length of food chain
is by the inefficiency
limited of energy
transfer along the chain .
Dominants :
species that are the most abundant or that collectively have
the highest biomass .
( chestnut blight) minimal impact
keystones : not the most abundant but have large impact if removed b/c
of their ecological role ( wolves)
Ecosystemtngineers :
species that dramatically alter environment ( beavers)
Bottom-up :
V - o H ,
unidirectional influence from lower to higher
trophic levels ex . add nutrients to plants ,
it will benefit from bottom → up
effects :
alternating + I -
effects
Disturbance :
an event such as a storm ,
fire ,
flood , drought or human activity
that changes a community by removing organisms or altering resource availability
Nonedel constantly changing .
communities after a disturbance
Ecologies :
when a disturbed area is colonized by a species that is
1st life forms prokaryotes & protists lichens & soil grasses & trees
are - o mosses → →
Secondary :
area where disturbance left soil intact ( less time to recover)
Zoonoticpathgens :
diseases that are transferred to humans by animals by
direct contact or intermediate species called a vector ( lice , mosquitos)