Rado Financials FY 21-22
Rado Financials FY 21-22
Rado Financials FY 21-22
[BLDG NO. 39/3B & 39/3B1, OPP. KRISHNA HOSPITAL, CHITTOOR ROAD, COCHIN-682011]
BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31st MARCH 2022
(All amount are Indian rupees, except share data and where otherwise stated)
As at 31st March 2022 As at 31st March 2021
Particulars Notes
₹ ₹
Assets
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 3 9,486 1,785
Financial Assets:
Non-current Investments 4 25,000 25,000
Other non-current financial assets 5 47,000 883,481
Other non-current assets - -
Total Non-current assets 81,486 910,266
Current assets
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents 6 48,782,141 52,745,559
Short term loans and advances 7 1,431,366 1,330,062
Other current financial assets 8 160,924 258,388
Prepayments 9 - 25,857
Other current assets 10 24,457 547,195
Total Current assets 50,398,888 54,907,061
Non-current asset held for sale 11 9,189,561 9,262,560
Total Assets 59,669,935 65,079,887
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Equity Share Capital 12 64,316,200 64,316,200
Other Equity 13
Retained earnings (158,040,176) (158,184,096)
Other Reserves 1,318,432 1,318,432
Total Equity (92,405,544) (92,549,464)
Non-current liabilities
Financial Liabilities
Long term borrowings 14 151,000,000 151,000,000
Other financial liabilities - -
Deferred tax liability (net) - -
Other non-current liabilities - -
Total non-current liabilities 151,000,000 151,000,000
Current liabilities
Financial Liabilities
Trade and other payables 15 - -
Other current financial liabilities 16 140,686 5,140,686
Other current liabilities 17 934,793 1,488,665
Total current liabilities 1,075,479 6,629,351
Total equity and liabilities 59,669,935 65,079,887
Significant Accounting Policies and notes on Accounts 1-27
The notes referred to above form an integral part of the Financial Statements.
As per our report of even date For and on behalf of Board of Directors of
For G. Joseph & Associates Rado Tyres Ltd
Chartered Accountants
(Firm Reg. No.006310S)
Expenses:
Employee benefit expense 19 36 37
Depreciation and amortization expense 20 1,799 6,600
Impairment loss on non current assets held for sale 21 - 10,943,379
Other expenses 22 1,862,866 2,561,483
Total Expenses 1,864,701 13,511,499
CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH 2022
(All amount are Indian rupees, except share data and where otherwise stated)
For the year ended on For the year ended on
Particulars March 31st, 2022 31st March 2021
₹ ₹
Cash flows from operating activities
Profit/(loss) before taxation 143,921 6,504,285
Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortisation 1,799 6,600
Interest income (2,008,407) (1,540,585)
Impairment loss of plant and machinery including building - 10,943,379
Provision no-longer required written-back - (5,345)
Profit on sale of inventory - (764,929)
Profit on sale of assets held for sale - (17,695,236)
Operating cash flows before working capital changes (1,862,687) (2,551,831)
(Increase)/decrease in trade receivables -
(Increase)/decrease in inventories - 9,473
(Increase)/decrease in loans and advances 1,580,928 192,076
Increase/(decrease) in liabilities and provisions (5,553,872) 5,629,170
Cash from operations (5,835,631) 3,278,888
(Taxes paid) / refund received, net (199,693) (114,897)
Net cash from operating activities (A) (6,035,324) 3,163,991
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of fixed assets (9,500) -
Proceeds from sale of assets held for sale 72,999 44,989,700
Proceeds from sale of inventory - 925,000
Interest received 2,008,407 1,540,585
Net cash used in investing activities (B) 2,071,905 47,455,285
As per our report of even date For and on behalf of Board of Directors of
For G. Joseph & Associates Rado Tyres Ltd
Chartered Accountants
(Firm Reg. No.006310S)
John M John Sanjay Bhatia P. A. Krishnamoorthy
Director CFO Director
DIN:584201 DIN:2432816
Raphael Sharon
Partner Geeta M Bandekar Payal Kailash Joshi
M.No:233286 Company Secretary Manager
NOTES FORMING PART TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST
MARCH 2022
1. CORPORATE INFORMATION
Rado Tyres Limited is a public company incorporated in India under the provisions of the
Companies Act. The Company was engaged in the business of an Automobile Tyre
manufacturing based at Nellikuzhy near Kothamangalam.
As of 31st March 2022, CEAT Limited holding 58.56%, Instant Holding Ltd holding 17.07%
and Swallow Associates LLP (formerly RPG Cellular Investments & Holdings Pvt Ltd)
holding 9.6% of Company’s equity share capitals are the major Shareholders. The Registered
office of Company is situated at Cochin, Kerala.
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian
Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards)
Rules, 2015.
The Board of Directors had taken all possible initiatives to revive the operations of the
factory. Taking into account the Company’s financial strain coupled with the technological
advancement for the manufacture of 2/3 wheeler tyres, the Board had to come to the
conclusion that it will not be viable to continue the business of manufacture of tyres in the
Company’s manufacturing facility located in Kothamangalam.
Consequent to suspension of the factory operations, the Board of Directors, at their meeting
held on 20th November, 2018, decided to explore the options to dispose of the assets of the
Company and to invite quotations from prospective buyers.
Accordingly, the financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will not
continue as a Going Concern. Consequently assets are stated at the cost or net realizable value
whichever is lower. Liabilities have been stated at the values which they are payable.
Further, all assets which are available for sale have been reclassified under Non-Current
Assets Held For Sale.
The outbreak of COVID -19 pandemic is causing significant disturbance and slowdown of
economic activity. Though, the Board is not in a position to ascertain the possible impact on
the market values of the remaining assets held for sale in the prevailing uncertain market
scenario, the management feels that it is unlikely to have a significant impact on the valuation
of the assets and its ability to sell off these assets at prices which are higher than that stated
in the financial statements.
3. Current versus non-current classification:
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current
classification.
• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability
for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their
realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its
operating cycle.
4. Revenue recognition:
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to
the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is
being made.
Revenue from contracts, if any, priced on a time and material basis is recognised as services
are rendered and as related costs are incurred.
For all debt instruments measured either at amortised cost or at fair value through other
comprehensive income, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR).
EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the
expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross
carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability. When
calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by
considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment,
extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses. Interest
income is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss.
Government grants, if any, are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant
will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to
an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the
related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to
an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related
asset.
When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are
recorded at fair value amounts and released to profit or loss over the expected useful life in a
pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual installments.
When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an
interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favorable interest is
regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at
fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying
value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the
accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.
6. Taxes
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside
profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are
recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations
in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions
where appropriate.
Deferred tax:
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax
bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the
reporting date.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:
•When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability
in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction,
affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry
forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are
recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against
which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax
credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:
•When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from
the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business
combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit
nor taxable profit or loss
•In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in
subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are
recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will
reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the
temporary differences can be utilized
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to
the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow
all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-
assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable
that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in
the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws)
that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or
loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in
correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to
set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same
taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
The Company classifies non-current assets and disposal groups as held for sale/ distribution
to owners if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale/ distribution
rather than through continuing use. Actions required for completing the sale/ distribution
should indicate that it is unlikely that significant change to the sale/ distribution will be made
or that the decision to sell/ distribute will be withdrawn. Management must be committed to
the sale/ distribution expected within one year from the date of classification.
Non-current assets held for sale/for distribution to owners and disposal groups are measured
at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell/ distribute. Assets and
liabilities classified as held for sale/ distribution are presented separately in the balance sheet.
Property, plant and equipment once classified as held for sale/ distribution to owners are not
depreciated or amortised.
Accelerated depreciation has been provided for assets which have been exhausted due to
higher wear and tear before completion of their useful life.
Owing to the shutting down of operations the Company has reclassified assets except office
equipment’s and furniture as Non-Current Assets Held For Sale. The office equipment’s and
furniture are depreciated on the basis of the remaining useful life of such assets.
9. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following
initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and
accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, excluding capitalised
development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in profit or loss
in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.
The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for
impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The
amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful
life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful
life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset
are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as
changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite
lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of
carrying value of another asset.
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment
annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite
life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable.
If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.
Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference
the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the
statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.
Intangible assets are amortised on straight line method as under:
• Software expenditure have been amortised over a period of three years.
• Technical Know-how and Brands are amortised over a period of twenty years.
As on the reporting date the Company does not own any intangible assets.
Research and development costs:
Research costs, if any, are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual
project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Company can demonstrate:
• The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be
available for use or sale
• Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset
• How the asset will generate future economic benefits
• The availability of resources to complete the asset
• The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development
Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried
at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation
of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. It is
amortised over the period of expected future benefit. Amortisation expense is recognised in
the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another
asset.
During the period of development, such assets are tested for impairment annually.
Inventories, if any, are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and conditions are accounted
for as follows:
• Raw materials, components, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net
realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of
inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be
incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a weighted
average basis.
• Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.
Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads
based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is
determined on a weighted average basis.
• Traded goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes cost of
purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and
condition. Cost is determined on a weighted average basis.
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less
estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
As on the reporting date the Company does not have any item of inventory.
The Company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may
be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is
required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable
amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (CGU) fair value less costs of
disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless
the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets
or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable
amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that
previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication
exists, the Company estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously
recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used
to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised.
The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable
amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation,
had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised
in the statement of profit or loss.
13. Provisions:
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive)
as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic
benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the
amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be
reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a
separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a
provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current
pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting
is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
As on the reporting date the Company does not have any employees who fall within the ambit
of any statutory benefit/retirement plans.
Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the
contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are initially measured
at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of
financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at
fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value measured on
initial recognition of financial asset or financial liability.
The Company has made an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income
subsequent changes in the fair value of equity investments not held for trading.
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Equity instruments
An equity instrument is a contract that evidences residual interest in the assets of the company
after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments recognised by the Company are
recognised at the proceeds received net off direct issue cost.
Financial liabilities
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and
borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings
including bank overdrafts, financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.
Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.
Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are
designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are
satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes
in own credit risks are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred
to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All
other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition
and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as
finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
The following table shows various reclassifications and how they are accounted for:
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-
term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an
insignificant risk of changes in value.
For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and
short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are
considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.
Basic Earnings per share (EPS) amounts are calculated by dividing the profit for the quarter
attributable to equity holders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding
during the quarter.
Diluted EPS amounts are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to equity holders by the
weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the quarter plus the weighted
average number of equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential
equity shares into equity shares.
a) Taxes
Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation of complex tax regulations and the
amount and timing of future taxable income. Given the wide range of business relationships
and the long-term nature and complexity of existing contractual agreements, differences
arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such
assumptions, could necessitate future adjustments to tax income and expense already
recorded. The Company establishes provisions, based on reasonable estimates, for possible
consequences of audits by the tax authorities of the respective countries in which it operates.
The amount of such provisions is based on various factors, such as experience of previous tax
audits and differing interpretations of tax regulations by the taxable entity and the responsible
tax authority. Such differences of interpretation may arise on a wide variety of issues
depending on the conditions prevailing in the Company’s domicile.
Office equipments 79,488 9,500 - 88,988 77,704 1,799 - 79,503 9,485 1,784
4 NON-CURRENT INVESTMENTS
9 PREPAYMENTS
As at 31st March 2022 As at 31st March 2021
Particulars
₹ ₹
Prepayments - 25,857
- 25,857
13 OTHER EQUITY
As at 31st March 2022 As at 31st March 2021
Particulars
₹ ₹
Retained Earnings:
Surplus/(Deficit) in the Statement of Profit and Loss:
Balance as per last financial statements (158,184,096) (164,688,381)
Add: Profit/(Loss) for the period 143,921 6,504,285
Amount available for appropriation
Less: Appropriations - -
(158,040,176) (158,184,096)
Other Reserves:
Capital Reserve
Balance in Central & State Investment Subsidy Reserve:
At the beginning of the period 1,318,432 1,318,432
During the period - -
1,318,432 1,318,432
(156,721,744) (156,865,664)
14 LONG TERM BORROWINGS
Non-current portion
As at 31st March 2022 As at 31st March 2021
Particulars
₹ ₹
Preference Share Capital
15,10,000, 12.5% Redeemable Cumulative Preference Shares of
Rs. 100 each, fully paid up 151,000,000 151,000,000
151,000,000 151,000,000
Note on Preference Share Capital:
Reconciliation of 12.5% Redeemable Cumulative Preference Shares outstanding at the beginning and at the end of the reporting
period
As at 31st March 2022
Particulars
No. of shares Amount (Total)
At the beginning of the period 1,510,000 151,000,000
During the period:
Add: Shares issued / Shares bought - -
Outstanding at the end of the period 1,510,000 151,000,000
NOTES FORMING PART OF BALANCE SHEET AS AT MARCH 31st, 2022
The details of amount outstanding to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises based on available information with the
Company is as under:
18 OTHER INCOME
For the year ended on For the year ended on 31st
Particulars 31st March 2022 March 2021
₹ ₹
Interest Income
Bank Deposits
Interest on Bank and Security Deposit 2,008,407 1,540,585
2,008,407 1,540,585
Other non- operating income
Excess provision reversed - 5,345
Profit on sale of assets held for sale - 17,695,236
Profit on sale of stores and spares 764,929
Miscellaneous Income 215 9,690
215 18,475,200
2,008,622 20,015,785
24 CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
For the year ended on For the year ended on 31st
Particulars
31st March 2022 March 2021
₹ ₹ ₹
Non current Borrowings 151,000,000 151,000,000
Current Borrowings - -
Trade payables - -
Less: cash and cash equivalents (48,782,141) (52,745,559)
Net debt 102,217,859 98,254,441
Total equity capital 64,316,200 64,316,200
Capital and net debt 166,534,059 162,570,641
The following are analytical ratios for the year ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021
As at 31st As at 31st
Particulars Numerator Denominator Variance
March 2022 March 2021
Current Ratio Current assets Current liabilities 46.862 8.282 4.658
Debt-Equity Ratio Borrowings Networth (Capital+Reserves) (1.634) (1.632) 0.002
Debt Service Coverage Ratio Earnings available for debt service Debt Service NA NA NA
Return on Equity Ratio Net profits after taxes Average Shareholder’s Equity 0.001 0.202 (0.997)
Inventory turnover ratio Cost of goods sold Average Inventory NA NA NA
Trade Receivables turnover ratio Net Sales Average Debtors NA NA NA
Trade payables turnover ratio Cost of goods sold Average Creditors NA NA NA
Net capital turnover ratio Net Sales Working capital NA NA NA
Net profit ratio Profit before tax Net Sales NA NA NA
Return on Capital employed Profit before interest and tax Average Capital Employed 0.002 0.111 (0.978)
Return on investment Net return on investment Cost of Investment NA NA NA
26 RELATED PARTY DICLOSURE
Details of related parties with whom transactions have taken place during the year:
Description of relationship Names of related parties
Holding company(Parent) CEAT Limited
Director Mr. V. V Augustine
Director Mr. John M. John
Director Mr. P. A. Krishnamoorthy
Director Mr. V. Venugopal
Director Mr. Dillip Modak
Director Mr. Roopesh Rajan
Director Dr. C. K. Balan
Particulars Name of Related For the year ended on For the year ended on 31st
Party 31st March 2022 March 2022
₹ ₹
a. Transactions
Conversion charges received CEAT Limited - -
27 CONTINGENT LIABILITIES