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Benha Faculty of Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION
(M 1541)

Introduction

Prof. Hassan Elattar


PhD, Germany

2023/2024
Lecture 1
Agenda

▪ Course outline
▪ Grading policy
▪ Overview of Industrial Refrigeration
▪ Applications and Industries
▪ Components of Industrial Refrigeration Systems
▪ Working Principles
▪ Energy Efficiency and Environmental Considerations
▪ Safety Precautions
▪ Case Studies
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Course Outline
Lect. Topic Textbook
No.
L1 1- Introduction

L2 2- The Field of Industrial Refrigeration

L3, L4,
3- Refrigeration and freezing of food
L5
▪ Industrial Refrigeration
L6 4- Refrigerated structures Handbook, W. F. Stoecker

▪ Heat and Mass Transfer


L7 1st Mid-term Exam
Fundamentals& Applications,
YUNUS A. ÇENGEL
L8 5- Properties of Cryogenic Fluids
▪ Cryogenic Process Engineering,
L9, L10 7- Properties of Solids Thomas M. Flynn

L11,
L12, 8- Refrigeration and Liquefaction
L13

L14 2nd Mid-term Exam

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Grading Policy

Activity Grade

Final Exam 60

Midterm exams 20
Section (attend. +
10
assignments)
Lab. (attend. + assignments). 5

Lect. Attendance 5

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Overview of Industrial
Refrigeration

 Industrial refrigeration refers to the specialized


field of refrigeration systems designed for large-
scale applications, typically in commercial and
industrial settings.
 Its primary purpose is to maintain low
temperatures for preserving or cooling products,
materials, or spaces.
 Industrial refrigeration plays a critical role in
various industries, including food processing,
chemical processing, pharmaceuticals, and
logistics.
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Applications and Industries
 Food Processing: Cooling and freezing of perishable goods,
such as meats, fruits, and dairy products.

 Chemical Processing: Maintaining low temperatures for


chemical reactions and storage of sensitive materials.

 Pharmaceuticals: Cooling for drug manufacturing, storage, and


research.

 Logistics and Warehousing: Preserving the quality of goods


during storage and transportation.

 HVAC Systems: Providing air conditioning for large commercial


buildings and facilities.
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Components of Industrial
Refrigeration Systems

1. Compressor: Responsible for compressing refrigerant gas,


raising its temperature and pressure.

2. Condenser: Transfers heat from the refrigerant to a cooling


medium (air or water), causing it to condense into a liquid state.

3. Evaporator: Absorbs heat from the desired space or product,


causing the liquid refrigerant to evaporate back into a gas.

4. Expansion Valve: Regulates the flow of refrigerant, reducing its


pressure and temperature before entering the evaporator.

5. Refrigerant: The working fluid that cycles through the system,


undergoing phase changes to absorb and release heat.

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Working Principles

1. Vapor Compression Cycle:


• The most common refrigeration cycle used in industrial
systems.
• Involves the continuous compression, condensation,
expansion, and evaporation of refrigerant.

2. Absorption Refrigeration:
• Utilizes a heat source to drive the refrigeration process,
commonly used in large-scale applications.

3. Cascade Refrigeration:
• Combines two or more refrigeration cycles to achieve lower
temperatures than a single cycle can provide.

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Energy Efficiency and
Environmental Considerations
▪ Industrial refrigeration systems consume a significant amount
of energy, making efficiency crucial for cost-effectiveness and
environmental impact.

▪ Considerations for sustainable refrigeration include the use


of environmentally friendly refrigerants and optimizing system
design for energy efficiency.

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Safety Precautions

▪ Handling of refrigerants requires proper training and


adherence to safety protocols.

▪ Regular maintenance and inspections are crucial to prevent


leaks and ensure safe operation.

▪ Emergency procedures for leaks or system malfunctions


should be in place and well-known to all personnel.

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Case Studies
Certainly, here are brief discussions of successful applications of
industrial refrigeration systems in specific industries, along with
highlights of energy efficiency measures, cost savings, and positive
environmental impacts:

1. Food Processing Industry:


• Implementation: Industrial refrigeration systems are extensively used in
food processing to maintain the freshness and quality of products like
fruits, vegetables, and dairy.
• Energy Efficiency: High-efficiency compressors and advanced control
systems reduce energy consumption.
• Cost Savings: Efficient cooling processes can lead to significant cost
savings by reducing energy bills and minimizing product losses due to
spoilage.
• Environmental Impact: Properly managed refrigeration systems with
eco-friendly refrigerants reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 12
Case Studies

2. Cold Storage Warehouses:


• Implementation: Cold storage facilities play a vital role in the
logistics chain, preserving perishable goods during transport and
storage.
• Energy Efficiency: Insulation and temperature control systems
improve energy efficiency.
• Cost Savings: Effective temperature management prevents product
losses and extends shelf life, resulting in cost savings for
businesses.
• Environmental Impact: Optimized cooling systems help reduce
food waste, contributing to environmental sustainability.

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Case Studies
3. Retail Supermarkets:
• Implementation: Supermarkets rely on industrial refrigeration for
product display and storage.
• Energy Efficiency: Night blinds, LED lighting, and demand-based
cooling systems save energy.
• Cost Savings: Energy-efficient refrigeration systems lower
operational costs and maintenance expenses.
• Environmental Impact: Reduced energy consumption decreases
the carbon footprint of supermarkets.

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Case Studies

4. Chemical Manufacturing:
• Implementation: Industrial refrigeration systems are essential for
maintaining precise temperatures in chemical reactors.
• Energy Efficiency: Advanced process control and heat recovery
systems improve efficiency.
• Cost Savings: Accurate temperature control enhances product
quality and minimizes waste, reducing production costs.
• Environmental Impact: Efficient refrigeration systems reduce
energy-related emissions in chemical manufacturing. 16
Case Studies
5. Data Centers:
• Implementation: Data centers use refrigeration for cooling servers
and electronic equipment.
• Energy Efficiency: Hot and cold aisle containment, variable-speed
fans, and efficient cooling units enhance energy efficiency.
• Cost Savings: Reduced energy consumption results in lower
operating costs for data center operators.
• Environmental Impact: Efficient cooling systems in data centers
reduce electricity consumption and, consequently, greenhouse gas
emissions.

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Case Studies
6. Pharmaceutical Storage:
• Implementation: The pharmaceutical industry relies on industrial
refrigeration to store temperature-sensitive medications and vaccines.
• Energy Efficiency: Precise temperature control and backup systems ensure
product integrity while optimizing energy use.
• Cost Savings: Minimizing temperature excursions and product losses
reduces costs.
• Environmental Impact: Reliable refrigeration systems contribute to
pharmaceutical product safety and minimize waste.

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