Words from Pictish:

Nouns, verbs, constructions, etc

Rules of this document:

1. It is in an early version. There are few sentences with words, I will add more over time. Just
like the words.
2. If there is a “?” next to a word it denotes uncertainty, strangeness or hypothesis.
3. When I put (the name of a language) next to some words, this does not mean borrowing, this
means the origin or connection of this word with some language.
4. All sources are at the end of the document.
5. 80% of words are taken from the Internet, only some of them I formed myself.

0. I – mi
You – tti
We – ni
You – hwi?
And – ett? (hypothesis, similar to Basque “eta”)
1. Son – maqqo
2. Hill – bryn/burn (From plase names like Burnbane, Strathburn, Newburn, etc)
3. Wall, fort – caer/din/car (From Cardean, Cargill, Carpoway)
4. Forest – keith/coed
5. Field – dôl/dal
6. Glade – llannerch
7. Swamp- mig
8. Hollow - pant
9. Top – pen
10. Town, city – tref
11. Bear – arth
12. Mountain – monadh
13. Lake – loch/llyn
14. River mouth –aber
15. Hog – twrch
16. Thunder – taran
17. Wood, grove- pert/perth
18. Confluence – cuper
19. Cross – crocs
20. Celtic – Kaltis?
21. Portion of land – peit
22. She made – gurract
23. He made – urract
24. He lies – irha
25. Unfruitful land – yell
26. God – Duv/Dyw (from duv nodnnatmaqqnahhto, or maybe Welsh dyw)
27. Bard – bardd
28. High (height)- uchel
29. Birch – bedw
30. Ardor – res
31. Lord - jʉð
32. Horse – cappyl/each/march
33. Grain, kernel – eithne
34. Brother – frater
35. Nephew – neis/neape?
36. Rich - Diuberr
37. Big – Morbet?
38. Victory – Boudicca
39. Chief – Mael?
40. One - ʉn? (Brythonic)
41. Two – dou/dau (Brythonic)
42. Three – tri/iru(Brythonic/Basque?)
43. Four – pedwar (Brythonic)
44. Five – pimp/pump (Brythonic)
45. Old – sen (Brythonic, Thx 1)
46. Six – swexs (Proto-celtic?)
47. Seven – sextam (Proto-celtic?)
48. Eight - octou
49. Nine - nau/naw (Welsh)
50. Ten - deg/decam (Welsh/Proto-Celtic)
51. Twenty - ugain (Welsh)
52. Hundred - kant (Welsh)
48. Big – mawr/mor? (Welsh)
49. I made – Gwerith? (Old Welsh?)
50. Skin – croen (Old Welsh?)
51. Woman – Ben or Gwerg?
52. Wife – Gwerg? (Brythonic)
53. Cuhett – as far as
54. In the time of – ipe?
55. Know – gnod? (Brythonic)
56. Estate –tref
57. River – avon/alyn/auna/allauna? (From river names like Alyn in Wales, Ellen in Cumbria,
Allan Water and River Allan in Scotland. Maybe from the Gaulish god Allaunus, idk. And there
is also a town Allauna from Ptolemeic map.
58. Sheep – uwi? (Created by tracing word connections in related languages)
59. Love – unust? (Created by tracing word connections in related languages)
60. Grassland, valley, vale - Srath
61. Courtyard – lios?
62. Raft – ràth (indo-european?)
63. Not – ni? (Brythonic)
64. Dog - ki? (Brythonic, but many other P-Cletic languages use similar word, so why Pictish
not?)
65. Help/to help – uoret, urad? (This is name. It is present in all Celtic languages in one form or
another, apparently being proto-Celtic. In Proto-Celtic this word apparently meant verb " to
help". In Pictish this name was slightly modified, but its meaning probably remained the same,
meaning "one who helps" or "helper).
66. Water – duor/dwr? (from Brythonic duβr, or cognate to Welsh dwr)
67. Red – ru/ruth? (Ru from oghams, ruth from toponim Ruthven)
68. Sea –môr /mori? (Welsh, Proto-Celtic)
69. Leaf – deilen (Welsh)
70. Region – bro (Welsh)
71. Man – gwur/gwir (Brythonic)
72. Peninsula – ross?
73. Down – den (from carden, a words that found in the names of places in Scotland and Wales,
which suggests its Pictish origin and that Pictish and Welsh were related)
73. Camp – car (from carden too)
74. Enclosure, fence– carddPoen
75. Island – inch? (Brythonic and Goidelic)
76. Farm – pit?
77. Settlement –tra? (Brythonic)
78. Ruler – brude (hypothesis)
79. Daughter – dattr (Scandinavian???)
80. House – teg (Thx 1)
81. Land, country - tər/tir
82. Good – mat(s)(From INEITTEMEN MATS, where MAT is 99% means «good»)
83. Druid – draoi/drawi? (the word «druid» came from Irish, so maybe Picts borrowed it from
irish with oghams.
84. Father – tadd (very good hypothesis)
85. Mother – mamm/matir? (Because all P-Celtic languages have one of this words
86. Name – anw? (Proto-Celtic, but hypothesis)
87. Wrong – Irrha (Latin? Hypothesis)
88. There – onno? (From onnorranrr oghams. Its very similar to Irish/Gaelic ann, Breton eno,
Welsh yno. Or maybe its a Proto-Celtic onkos, means “at”)
89. Small - bɨx (Brythonic)
90. Very - oso (Basque?!??!?)
91. Door/s - doors (Indo-european)
92. Naked - naid? (Latin)
93. On - ar (Welsh, hypothesis)
94. Oak - deru (Welsh, from Dairsie or Deer, -es, -in are forming suffixes, hypothesis)
95. Place - lle (Welsh, hypothesis)
96. Young pig - orc
97. High place - aran? (Welsh, but can mean other, non-indo-european word like Skye, Lewis,
Islay, etc)
98. Bent, crooked - cam (Gaelic, From Cambo, historically Camboc, cam + -ok, a noun forming
suffix)
99. Cape - ross?
100! Cat - cat (Indo-european, hypothesis)
101. Pool - pul (Welsh, hypothesis)
102. Hard - caled (Welsh, hypothesis)
103. Beacon - Lumon (Welsh, hypothesis)
104. Stone or mead - meth (equivalent to Welsh medd (“mead”) and Welsh maen (“stone”)
106. Water - ned/noid (Brythonic, hypothesis)
107. Niece - nith/ nėθ (Brythonic)
108. Tree - pren (Welsh, hypothesis)
109. Side, area - part
110. Clearing - yell? (Brythonic)
111.Throw - caith? (Irish, from Caithness)
112. Sick - sallc (Welsh, from (e)tmiqavsallc, can mean “sick” like in Welsh “sâl”. So, if that’s
true, the sentence below can be translated like “And I got sick)
113. To wash - neht? (From Nehtan, Rhys 2015)
114. Stream - nassa (Idk, Rhuto and some guys said this)
115. Peak - bann (From Bannatia, a town from Ptolemeic map)
116. Crooked - loksa (From Greek λοξός??? Idk, Guto said this)
117. Lead, guide - tuesis/tywys? (From Ptolemeic town Tuesis and Welsh tywys).
119. Cry, shout - Ilach (Guto caid this, also from Bun Ilidh, a river in Scotland)
120. Omen - Kailo/Koil (From Proto-Celtic Kailos, from Brythonic Koil. Also from Ptolemeic
map river Caelis. which nowadays can be a river South Esk in Angus.
121. In this day - in die hac (Latin, from Tarbat Rossshire)
122. Manage - reolii (From Tarbat Rossshire, cognate with Welsh rheoli)

The words from Pictish language research group:

121. Here - əs (Old Irish)
122. Oh – i?
123. Purity – nacht
124. Again – ette, ehte (seems very legit because of Welsh eto and Gaelic eile)
125. Black – dub (seems very legit because of Welsh du, Irish dubh and Cornish dhu. You can
see it in IDBMIRRHANNURRACTKEFFCERROCCS).
126. There – ann (hypothesis, and I like my own theory about the word “onno”)
127. Erected - fədad
128. Bird – en (From Irish and Gaelic eun?)
129. You – thu (Gaelic?!)
130. Jesus – Iosie (Gaelic and Irish Iosa is very similar to this. perhaps there were Christians
among the Picts...)
131. Feather – eite
132. Of - na (Actually, the word “de” is better here, its from gedevem...dos and similar to Irish
“de” meaning “of”, or maybe its “south” in Welsh lol)
133. With - cə
134. Thy - da (From CRROSCC:NAHHTFFDDADDS:DATTRR:ANN
BENNISES:MEQQDDRROANN and others. Actually, I like a Basque theory of the word “da”.
I describe it later in the document.
Sentences:
Oghams:
1. Urract c(e)roccs – «Someone» made a cross
2. Cuhett gnod (gned?) – as far as I know
3. Resad jili Spusscio and Resad fili spusscio. There is a hypothesis (which I personally do not
support) that filly (or jilly) means son. I also assume that Resad may mean row (from Welsh rhes
or res)
4. irataddoarens – some scholars belive that «ira» may be cognate with Old Breton "he lies".
Im also have a theory that «tadd» is cognate to Welsh, Breton and Brythonic "tadd" and Cornish
"tas" which means father.
5. idbmirrhannurractkevvcerroccs – Very interesting sentence, here is the word irrha, which
seems borrowed from Latin irrha, which means «wrong», or maybe it means «he lies» too. But I
have a little translation - idbmirrhann - Oh black old sea. d(u)b - dub, which means black, mirr -
sea, for Welsh mor, and hann or just han - old, from Brythonic hen.
6. duv nodnnatmaqqnahhto - there is a word “nod” in Welsh, which means aim. But I don’t
think its true.. There is also “nahhto” which is probably name.
7. rginngchqodtosombs - there is a word “qod” which can be related to Welsh “codi” which
means “get up”. And there is also a word “oso” which may be a Basque “oso” which means
“very” or “whole”.
8. ttlietrenoiddors ..uhtuoaged… - there is the word “noid” which can be a borrowing from
Latin “nudes” which means naked. Also, “ddors” can just mean “door”. Wait, does that mean
“naked doors”?!
9. (e)tmiqavsallc - too strange. Maybe “et” means “and” and mi is me, I am, I? Sallc can mean
sick as I said above (N. 112). So as I already said, this can mean “And I got sick”. In Welsh.
“got” or “have” is “cael”. So maybe its connected to Pictish qav?
Latin:
[I]N
1. NOM[IN]E IHU
X[PI CRUJX
X[PIIN]
COM[MEM]ORA[TIO]NE
REO[...]LII
- From inscription in Tarbat-Rossshire. Ora, actually is very interesting, because it can be Basque
and Welsh. In Basque the word “now” sounds like “orain”. And in the Welsh it sounds like “yn
awr” or “nawr”. There are some similarities between this words…
2. U-D D-D A-R-O-T-N-U-
N ‘N
-ORRMAONNEAPEIOSAEI - some scholars belive this means…
Ud < ude, vocative of udos, “last, ultimate, final”;
Dd < d.d., abbreviation of dede, first person indicative
of verb dô “give,” meaning “I gave, I have given”;

Arotnun < arotnun, accusative singular of arotnu, c.f.n. “agrarian time, farming season,” aro
“agro
, agrarian“+ tnu < atnu < atenouu c.f.n. cyclical time, cyclical recurrence;”
‘Norr < ‘narr
- < anare- < ande-are-
, prefix “versus, counter, comparatively, in return;” or maybe anaris < anareios “non
free;”
Maon < magon < magons “being great”; adj. mag
-os/-a/-
on “great, strong”;
Magons / Maguns, Celtic war god worshiped in Gaul and Britain. Neape < nepe, vocative of
nepos > nepots / nipots “descent, grandson, nephew”; Ios, pronoun “he”;
Aei < Aei / Aii, genitive of Aiio, p.m.n. “the affirmative, the verbal”; Celtic god
So, maybe they are right, But I didn’t find any prove to these theories…
3. EÐÐEECATAMUSHw/GwUOLOGÔWLNLÊGSIBh/VANNILOGOURÔTL - Some
shcolars believe this means….
Eđđe ec
-atamus gwuolowo-
gô wl’n lêgsi bhanni Logou Rot(alos). “There, out of breath, glimmer, of whole location, order
belonging to Logus Rotalos.”
Eđđe < eđđic “there”;
Ec-atamus < ex-
atamos “out of breath”;
Hwuolowo-gô / gwuolowo-
gô golouo > uolouo “glimmer, glow, light emitting”; go, preposition “for”;
Wl’n
< ul’n
< ulânos / uolânos “fullness, whole”;
Lêgsi, genitive of legsos / lecsos “site, location, place”; leucsis > leuxsis brilliance,
brightness; Leucs > leuxs light;
Bhanni < bannis “order, command, interdict”;
Logou < Logu, instrumental of p.m.n. L(o)ugus
in relation, belonging, pertaining to Lugus; Lugos / Lugus, the Celtic king of gods and law of
right, similar to the Roman Mercury, Greek Hermes, Germanic Odin and Hindu Indra; Logu,
dative, c
ommitative, instrumental of logos “location, place.” Rôtl < Rotalos “(having) a large forehead.”
From Pictish language research group:
ETTLIETRENOIDDORS - O strong current water way heed shore here (UH?) you near gate
ETTECUHETTS:AHEHHTTANNN:HCCFFEFF:NEHHTONS - Oh house from this place here:
his Oh Chatan of: the island as far as Fife: Nechton here (
IDDARQNNNFORRENN IKU(A) IOSIE - Oh Tarkin of the splendid salvation descendant of
Jesus
CRROSCC:NAHHTFFDDADDS:DATTRR:ANN BENNISES:MEQQDDRROANN - cross
with: purity erected here: thy land: glorious on high Jesus: son of steadfast
ETTLIETRENOIDDORS …UHTUOAGED - O strong current water way heed shore here
(UH?) you near gate
Some crazy Baskque hypothetical words:
1.Where - non (from vuunon itedovob b)
2. Three - iru (from iru, similar to Basque hiru)
3. Was - sen (from nehhtvrobbacCENnevv maqqotalluorrh, Basque zen)
4. Mother - amma??? (From ammaqqtallv lv bahhrrassudds, and actually very strange
because uses the first letter of word “maqqo” which is 100% means son. So maybe just
“am”, without “a”? Because in Basque it's “ama”.
5. You - tua? (It's not Basque but stays near “da” in etteca... ..v:dattua ...rtt..)
6. Is - da? (From etteca... ..v:dattua ...rtt.., very interesting because “da” is “is” in
Basque, and also it stays near “tua” which can mean “you”. So, that means “..Is you”?
But this theory blocks the word “tec” which is “teg” which is “house”)
7. Very - oso (From rginngchqodtosombs)
8. Now - ora (From Basque Orain, from Latin inscription of Tarbat Rossshire)

List of names:
Woman names:
1. Coblaith
2. Derile
3. Domelch
4. Drusticc
5. Eithne (Pictish and Irish, means grain, kernel)
6. Mongfind
7. Nadbroicc
8. Alpia (Female version of Alpin)
9. Nectudad
10. Lonceta
11. Caoimhe (Irish)
12. Ligach (Pictish and Irish)
13. Mael (means chief, or head of something)
Man names:
1. Vipoig
2. Talorgen/Talorcen
3. Drest
4. Nechtan
5. Galan (In late Pictish transformed to Galam)
6. Bridei
7. Cinioch (In late Pictish transformed into Ciniod?)
8. Talorgan
9. Taran
10. Alpin (Male version of Alpia)
11. Conall
12. Eogan
 13. Caustantin (Latin)
14. Uurad
15. Cinaed (Alternative verson of Ciniod?)
16. Uurgust
17. Unust
18. Mailcon
19. Edarnon (Ethernan)
20. Buthut (non-indo-european)
21. Usconbuts (non-indo-european)
22. Canutulachama (non-indo-european)
23. Spusscio (non-indo-european)
24. Uradech
25. Gartnait
26. Óengus
27. Brychan
28. Fib
29. Uid
30.
Word Offer:
1.
Bibliography:
1. https://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/pictnames/pict3_4.html
2. https://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/30061978/5._rodway.pdf
3. https://www.academia.edu/14461786/The_Pictish_Language_A_Historiography
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictish_language
5. https://www.cushnieent.com/earlychurch/celtic_king_list.htm
6. https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/50c2nb/finding_some_pictish_words/
7. https://medium.com/@shanavere/the-amazon-scythian-pictish-connection-e0a855665878
8. https://theses.gla.ac.uk/6285/7/2015RhysPhD.pdf
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Picts
10. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Brythonic_Swadesh_list
11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
List_of_generic_forms_in_place_names_in_the_British_Isles
12. https://eithni.com/pictish-names/
13. https://www.cumbric.org/dictionary-en.html
14. https://tied.verbix.com/archive/article7.html
15. https://www.facebook.com/p/Pictish-Language-Research-100069247670412/?
paipv=0&eav=AfbQq-L88F0V9kilsRwMk3A2aTvBDaElltkpe-kO-Eal11Ad-
EPN4wKFWyn8u6A5W6k&_rdr
16. https://newsnet.scot/archive/the-language-of-the-picts/
17. https://www.academia.edu/41294628/Pictish_Language_Guto_Rhys?sm=b
18. https://tied.verbix.com/archive/article7.html
19. https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Pictish
20. https://translate.google.com/?hl=ru&sl=en&tl=cy&text=Hello%20from%20Moderni
%20Albidosi!%20I%20hope%20you%20enjoyed%20my%20%22dictionary
%22&op=translate
21. https://sanderusmaps.com/our-catalogue/antique-maps/europe/british-isles/antique-map-
of-british-isles-by-ptolemy-20923
22. http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/psas/article/view/9087
23.
That is just 50% of sources I used.
 Special thanks to:
1. Raiste1901
2. Every-Progress-1117
3.