Physics Lab Report

Experiment 3 Forced Oscillation

GROUP 34

LÊ HOÀNG QUÂN (10223104)

TRẦN ĐÌNH HOÀNG QUÂN (10223098)
ĐẶNG MINH TRÚC (10223106)

1/11/2023

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 1. Introduction
In our experiment, we considered the idea of the free oscillator and the
constrained symphonious oscillator utilizing the torsion pendulum after
Pohl, one of the least complex mechanical system whose movement
follows a direct differential condition with consistent coefficients. The
pendulum after Pohl utilized in the investigation comprises of a ring-
molded copper plate with a homogeneous mass dispersion, joined to a
pivot hub through the focal point of mass. The rest position is
implemented by the spiral spring and the redirection can be perused off
an angle scale. By recording the movement of the pendulum's pointer
from its balance position and the time it takes for the pendulum to finish
one cycle, we decided of the characteristics frequency of the pendulum
during normal oscillating and the reverberation bend of the oscillating
system during forced oscillating through mathematical investigations.
2. Necessary Equipment
1 Torsion pendulum after Pohl
1 Variable transformer, 25 VAC/ 20 VDC, 12 A
1 Bridge rectifier, 30 V AC/1 A DC
1 Stopwatch, digital, 1/100 sec.
1 Digital multimeter 07134.00
2 Connecting cord, l = 250 mm, yellow
2 Connecting cord, l = 750 mm, red
3 Connecting cord, l = 750 mm, blue

Figure 1: Experiment set-up for Task A: Natural oscillation (PHYWE System GmbH & Co.)

3. Preparation and Setting Up Free Oscillation

a. Task

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 i. Free Oscillation
1. Determine the period and the characteristic
frequency for the case of natural oscillation.
2. Determine the oscillating periods and the
corresponding characteristic frequencies for different
damping values. Calculate the corresponding ratios of
attenuation, the damping constants and the logarithmic
decrements.
1. Realize the aperiodic and the creeping case.
ii. Force Oscillation
1. Determine the resonance curves and represent
them graphically with different damping current
values. Determine the corresponding resonance
frequencies and evaluate them against the given
resonance frequency values.
2. Observe the phase shifting between the torsion
pendulum and the stimulating external torque
for a small damping value for different external
frequencies.
b. Set up
i. Natural Oscillation
The experiment is set up as shown in Fig. 1 and 2. The
DC output of the power supply unit is connected to the
eddy current brake and DMM, which is set to amps.
The DC current supplied to the eddy current brake, IB,
is set with the adjusting knobs of the power supply
and is indicated by the ammeter.
A rectifier is inserted between the AC output (12 V) of
the power supply unit and to the two right sockets of
the motor (Figure 3) to supply the motor with DC
current.

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 Figure 2: Simplified electrical connection of task A (PHYWE System GmbH & Co.)

Figure 3: Connection of the DC motor to the power supply (PHYWE System GmbH &
Co.)

ii. Force Oscillation

The experiment is set up the same to the one in task A
initially. Then, a voltmeter is inserted to the remaining
two left sockets of the motor indicating the DC
voltage regulated by the motor, which is set with the
adjusting knobs on the motor.

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 Figure 4: Simplified electrical connection of task B (PHYWE System GmbH & Co.)

4. Experiment Procedure
a. Free Oscillation
1. Determine the period and the characteristic frequency in the
natural oscillating case.
To determine the characteristic angular frequency of the torsion
pendulum without damping, in other words, when the supply
ampere to the eddy current break is (IB = 0) , the procedure for
each measurement in our experiment as shown below:
- Manually set the pointer of the pendulum to the value of 15.
- Let go of the pointer without applying additional force.
- Record the time for 2 oscillations.
The measurement was carried out 20 times to calculate the mean
value of the characteristic period and the mean value of the
characteristic angular frequency.
2. Determine the periods and the corresponding characteristic
frequencies for different damping values. Calculate the
corresponding ratios of attenuation, the damping constants and
the logarithmic decrements.
To record the successive unidirectional maximum amplitude as
a function of time, the experiment conformed to the following
procedure:
- Manually set the pointer of the pendulum to the value of
15.
- Let go of the pointer without applying additional force.

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 - Let the system come to rest for at least 20 oscillations or
until the pendulum stops.
- Record the period and maximum amplitude for each
subsequent oscillation.
This procedure is repeated for different damping current. The
following current values are chosen for the eddy current brake:
IA = 0A (U~ = 0V)
IB ~ 0.25 (U~ = 4V)
IC ~ 0.45 (U~ = 5V)
3. Realize the aperiodic and creeping cases:
To realize the aperiodic case (IB ~ 2.0A) and the creeping case
(IA ~ 2.3A) the eddy current brake is briefly loaded with a
current that is larger than 2.0 A.

b. Force Oscillation
The external driving force acting on the torsion pendulum is
generated by the motion of the connecting rod of the motor
fixed to and driven by the external driving source on the motor.
Adjustment to the supplied current to the motor can be made by
changing the motor potentiometer settings using the control
knobs (Figure 5). The external period of the motor is indicated
by a circular wheel on the external source. By measuring the
time, it takes for the wheel to complete one circular motion,
which is the period, we can determine the external angular
frequency.

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 Figure 5: Control knobs for motor potentiometer
Upper knob: "coarse", Lower knob: "fine" (PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co.)

1. Determine the resonance curves and represent them

graphically with different damping current values. Determine the
corresponding resonance frequencies and evaluate them against
the given resonance frequency values.
Initially, the system is given a small external frequency. Only when
the pendulum has achieved the stationary state of oscillation that
the readings for the forced amplitude and the period of the
pendulum's oscillation taken. In the experiment, the "exciter"
voltage supplied to the motor stayed within a range from 5 V to 10
V.
2. Observe the phase shifting between the torsion pendulum
and the stimulating external torque for a small damping value for
different stimulating frequencies.
A small damping value and stimulate the pendulum in one case
with an external frequency far below the resonance frequency and
one far above it were chosen. Observe the corresponding phase
shifts between the torsion pendulum and the external torque. In
each case, readings were only taken after a stable pendulum
amplitude has been established.
5. Data Analysis

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 a. Amplitude of free moving oscillation with and without
damping

TABLE 1
No t A (I=0) t A (I=0.25) t A (I=0.45)
1 1.77 14.8 1.86 13 1.81 13.2
2 3.62 14.7 3.72 11.2 3.66 8.8
3 5.46 14.6 5.44 10 5.45 5.8
4 7.24 14.5 7.35 8.6 7.23 3.7
5 9.19 14.4 9.15 7.5 9.01 2.4
6 10.98 14.3 11 6.4 10.93 1.6
7 12.89 14.2 12.79 5.6 12.72 1.1
8 14.69 14.1 14.64 4.7 14.5 0.7
9 16.54 14 16.5 3.8 16.42 0.5
10 18.4 13.8 18.23 3.3 18.21 0.3
11 20.19 13.7 20.07 2.7 19.74 0.2
12 22.09 13.6 21.87 2.2 20.99 0.1
13 23.94 13.5 23.59 1.8
14 25.78 13.4 25.37 1.5
15 27.56 13.3 27.29 1.3
16 29.41 13.2 29.08 1.1
17 31.2 13 30.87 0.9
18 33.12 12.8 32.72 0.8
19 34.91 12.7 34.51 0.7
20 36.76 12.6 36.36 0.6

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 Figure 1: Amplitude of free moving oscillation with and without damping

b. Resonant amplitude of forced oscillation with and without

damping

TABLE 2
I=0
No Voltage T ω A
1 5 2.94 2.14 0.7
2 5.5 2.53 2.48 0.8
3 6 2.16 2.91 1.05
4 6.5 2 3.14 1.35
5 7 1.94 3.24 2.3
6 7.2 1.91 3.29 3.8
7 7.4 1.86 3.38 20
8 7.6 1.82 3.45 20
9 7.8 1.77 3.55 16.2
10 8 1.73 3.63 8.6
11 8.2 1.67 3.76 5.2
12 8.4 1.65 3.81 5
13 8.6 1.61 3.90 3.8
14 8.8 1.57 4.00 2.4
15 9 1.53 4.11 2.2
16 9.2 1.51 4.16 2
17 9.4 1.48 4.25 1.4
18 9.6 1.43 4.39 1.1
19 9.8 1.4 4.49 1
20 10 13.5 0.47 0.6

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 TABLE 3
I = 0.25
No
Voltage T ω A
1 5 2.67 2.35 0.8
2 5.5 2.21 2.84 0.9
3 6 2.14 2.94 1.1
4 6.5 1.87 3.36 1.5
5 7 1.82 3.45 2.8
6 7.2 1.68 3.74 3.9
7 7.4 1.65 3.81 6.8
8 7.6 1.63 3.85 8.4
9 7.8 1.59 3.95 5
10 8 1.54 4.08 3.3
11 8.2 1.52 4.13 2.4
12 8.4 1.46 4.30 1.8
13 8.6 1.47 4.27 1.5
14 8.8 1.33 4.72 1.2
15 9 1.35 4.65 1
16 9.2 1.36 4.62 0.85
17 9.4 1.34 4.69 0.75
18 9.6 1.33 4.72 0.67
19 9.8 1.3 4.83 0.6
20 10 1.2 5.24 0.4

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 TABLE 4
I = 0.45
No Voltage T ω A
1 5 2.66 2.36 0.6
2 5.5 2.46 2.55 0.8
3 6 2.14 2.94 1.1
4 6.5 1.94 3.24 1.4
5 7 1.75 3.59 2
6 7.2 1.72 3.65 2.4
7 7.4 1.7 3.70 3
8 7.6 1.69 3.72 3.1
9 7.8 1.67 3.76 2.8
10 8 1.64 3.83 2.2
11 8.2 1.47 4.27 1.9
12 8.4 1.57 4.00 1.5
13 8.6 1.46 4.30 1.1
14 8.8 1.53 4.11 1
15 9 1.41 4.46 0.9
16 9.2 1.27 4.95 0.8
17 9.4 1.36 4.62 0.7
18 9.6 1.13 5.56 0.6
19 9.8 1.24 5.07 0.5
20 10 1.2 5.24 0.45

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 `

25

20

15
A(cm)

10

0
5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10
VOLTAGE

A(i=0) A(i=0.25) A(i=0.45)

Figure 2: Resonance curve for different damping

6. Discussion
a. Free oscillation
1. Determine the oscillation period and the characteristic
frequency of the undamped case.
2. Determine the oscillating periods and the corresponding
characteristic frequencies for different damping values. The
corresponding ratios of attenuation, the damping constants and
the logarithmic decrements are to be calculated.
3. Realize the aperiodic and the creeping case.
b. Forced oscillation
1. Determine the resonance curves and represent them
graphically using the damping values of A. Determine the
corresponding resonance frequencies and compare them with
the resonance frequency values found beforehand.
2. Observe the phase shifting between the torsion pendulum and
the stimulating external torque for a small damping value for
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 different stimulating frequencies.

7. Conclusion
In the first experiment, when we do not apply current, the
oscillation period of the ring is very long and when we add current
and gradually increase it, the oscillation to complete one cycle of
the ring is very fast and short.
In the second experiment, when we let current flow through the
motor and gradually increase the current, the motor rotates faster
and the time it takes to complete 1 round of the motor will decrease
and the amplitude of oscillation of the loop increase, but when we
decrease the intensity of current the time it takes to complete one
round of the motor increases and the period of rotation decrease.
8. Reference
1.PHYWE LEP 1.3.27 Forced oscillations-Pohl’s pendulum
2.The physics vibrations and waves, H.J .Pain

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