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    Behavioral Science - Chapter 1

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    fsherif423
    This document outlines the course for an introduction to behavioral sciences. It covers 7 chapters, including foundations of business psychology, understanding yourself, emotions and moods, problem solving and creativity, personality and values, perceptions and decision making, and managing conflict and anger. It also discusses what business psychology and psychology are, major fields of psychology like industrial/organizational, clinical/counseling, developmental, experimental, health, and exercise/sport psychology. Finally, it outlines schools of thought in psychology including structuralism/functionalism, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, cognitive psychology, and humanistic psychology.

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    Behavioral Science - Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    fsherif423
    45 views57 pages
    This document outlines the course for an introduction to behavioral sciences. It covers 7 chapters, including foundations of business psychology, understanding yourself, emotions and moods, problem solving and creativity, personality and values, perceptions and decision making, and managing conflict and anger. It also discusses what business psychology and psychology are, major fields of psychology like industrial/organizational, clinical/counseling, developmental, experimental, health, and exercise/sport psychology. Finally, it outlines schools of thought in psychology including structuralism/functionalism, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, cognitive psychology, and humanistic psychology.

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    Behavioral Science -Chapter 1

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    This document outlines the course for an introduction to behavioral sciences. It covers 7 chapters, including foundations of business psychology, understanding yourself, emotions and moods, problem solving and creativity, personality and values, perceptions and decision making, and managing conflict and anger. It also discusses what business psychology and psychology are, major fields of psychology like industrial/organizational, clinical/counseling, developmental, experimental, health, and exercise/sport psychology. Finally, it outlines schools of thought in psychology including structuralism/functionalism, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, cognitive psychology, and humanistic psychology.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views57 pages

    Behavioral Science - Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    fsherif423
    This document outlines the course for an introduction to behavioral sciences. It covers 7 chapters, including foundations of business psychology, understanding yourself, emotions and moods, problem solving and creativity, personality and values, perceptions and decision making, and managing conflict and anger. It also discusses what business psychology and psychology are, major fields of psychology like industrial/organizational, clinical/counseling, developmental, experimental, health, and exercise/sport psychology. Finally, it outlines schools of thought in psychology including structuralism/functionalism, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, cognitive psychology, and humanistic psychology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 57

    Fall Semester

    Introduction to Behavioral Sciences

    • Dr.Mohamed Elmasry
    Course Outline:

    Chapter (1) : FoundationsOf BusinessPsychology

    Chapter (2) : Understanding Yourself

    Chapter (3) : Emotionsand Moods

    Chapter (4) : Problem Solving and Creativity

    Chapter (5) : Personality and values

    Chapter (6) : Perceptions and Decision Making

    Chapter (7) : Managing Conflict &Anger


    Chapter 1

    Foundations Of Business Psychology


    Introductory Questions
     What is BusinessPsychology?

     Why We Study Psychology?

     What PsychologistsDo?

     Major Fields of Psychology.

     Schools of thought In Psychology.


    Why is the study of behavioral sciences important?
    What is Psychology ?
     Definitionof Psychology

     Themajor purposes of Psychology

     Psychology : Science and Profession.


    7

    Review Question

    A major purposeof psychologyis to understandwhy


    a. Organismsbehave,think, and feel as they do.
    b. People often refuse to obey orders.
    c. Organisms are similar from one speciesto the next.
    d. It is difficult for people to live together peacefully.
    8

    Review Question

    The use of the term profession in regard to psychology refersto the fact that
    psychologists
    a. Conduct scientific research.
    b. Provide services to people.
    c. Receive salaries as well as other forms of compensation.
    d. Publishmany of their researchresults.
    What is Business Psychology ?
     Definitionof BusinessPsychology

     Themost influential areas of psychology .


    What is Business Psychology ?
     This area considers how people make decisions and what their purchasing decisions
    are basedon.
     Before making a purchase, some factors determine whether you will make a purchase
    or not. Knowing these factors and how to use them, whether in sales or advertising, is
    an important part of psychology.
    What is Sales psychology ?
     One of the first important area is the psychology of sales.

     The "psychology" of what motivates people to buy goods or services affects


    advertising, be it on television, radio, movies,or the Internet.

     Theway products are packaged and sold is an important part of psychology.


    Psychology in real estate and investment banking
     If we take real estate, for example. Knowing how people think helps builders design
    homesfor the consumermarket.
     Brokers are also trained to complete sales.
    What is Organizational psychology ?
     There is also the impact of organizational psychology on starting and running a
    business. Knowing how to create a business for efficiency, for both employees and
    businesses,ultimately makes a world of difference.
    14

    Review Question

    Business psychology is the application of organized knowledge about human behavior to:
    a. Improve satisfactionand productivity on the job.
    b. Win friends and influence people.
    c. Improve worker efficiency.
    d. Help managers control their workers
    Why We Study Psychology?
    What Psychologistsdo?
     Psychologistsseek to understand and explain thoughts, emotions,feelings, and behavior.

     They use techniques such as observation, assessment, and experimentation to develop


    theories about the beliefs and feelings that influenceindividuals.
    Major Fields Of Psychology:
    1) Industrial and Organizational

    2) Clinical andCounselling.

    3) Developmental Psychology.

    4) Experimental.

    5) Health.

    6) Exerciseand sport.
    Industrial and organizational Psychology
     The field of psychology that studies behavior of people in a work environment.
     Industrial & organizational psychology was one of the first fields of applied
    psychology
     The MajorActivities of Specialistsin this field.
    Clinical & Counseling Psychology

     Clinical Psychologists

     Counselling Psychologists

     Psychiatrists

     Psychoanalysis

     Psychotherapist
    20

    Review Question

    Psychiatry is a medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatmentof
    emotional disordersand mental illness.

    a. True

    b. False
    21

    Review Question

    Psychotherapy ismethod of treating emotional problemsthat attemptsto find the right


    combinationof drugs to bring about a cure.

    a. True

    b. False
    22

    Review Question

    Tohelp patients or clientswith their personal problems,psychotherapyrelies heavily


    on
    a. Psychiatric drugs.
    b. Theexperimental method.
    c. Conversationwith the patients or clients.
    d. Training in self-management.
    23

    Review Question

    The field of psychologymost directly concerned with personal problemsis


    a. Clinical and counseling
    b. Industrial and organizational
    c. Educational
    d. Child and developmental
    Developmental Psychology

     Child psychology

     Adolescentpsychology

     Life Span Psychology


    25

    Review Question

    Developmental psychologystudieshuman developmentfrom infancy up through old


    age.

    a. True

    b. False
    26

    Review Question

    Life-span psychologistsspecialize in:


    a. Childhood
    b. Theadult years
    c. Senior citizens
    d. Life-long learning
    Experimental Psychology
     Experimental Psychologists canbe considered the most scientific of all psychologists.
     These psychologists developed many principles of human behavior as thinking,
    learning& perception.
    Health Psychology

     Isthe study and practice of howhumanbehavior canbe modified to prevent and treat
    illness to avoid emotional problem in order to increase job satisfaction.
    29

    Review Question

    Health psychologytypically attemptsto modify human behavior in order to:


    a. Prevent and treat illness
    b. Improve the power of positive thinking
    c. Overcome fears about illness
    d. Overcome mental health problems
    Exercise& Sport Psychology
     Thefield in which psychologists developed conceptsand provide direct assistanceto
    enhanceperformance of athletes.
     The focus of exercise and sports psychology is to assist athletes who are already
    performing well rather than to help them with mental health problems.
    31

    Review Question

    During an athletic contest,a good psychological techniqueis for the athlete to get
    pumpedup by thinking of the good consequencesof winning.

    a. True

    b. False
    32

    Review Question

    A typical task for an exerciseand sport psychologistis to help an athlete concentrate


    better on the task at hand.

    a. True

    b. False
    33

    Review Question

    The focus of exerciseand sport psychologyis to assistathletes who:


    a. Have becomeaddicted to alcohol and drugs.
    b. Want to psyche their opponentsintolosing.
    c. Want to enhancetheir performance.
    d. Face psychological problems whichmake them afraid to compete.
    34

    Review Question

    A good example of a techniqueof exerciseand sport psychologyis train athletes


    how to
    a. Develop a killer instinct.
    b. Focusintently on the task at hand.
    c. Overcome perceiving their coachas a parent figure.
    d. Use hypnosis to overcome fear of competition.
    SchoolsOf Thought in Psychology

    There are 5 schools:


    1. structuralism & Functionalism
    2. Behaviorism
    3. Psychoanalysis
    4. Cognitive Psychology
    5. HumanisticPsychology
    Structuralism & Functionalism
     It focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components.

     Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method


    known as introspection.
    Structuralism & Functionalism
     Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism .

     Explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner.


    Behaviorism
     Thekey to understand humanbeing is their actual behavior not their inner status”

     Behaviorism… . . observable facts…..which referred to an objective field of study.

     Positive Reinforcement
    Psychoanalysis
     This school of thought focuses on the inner motives and the unconscious part of
    personality and its influence on behavior.
     Unconscious: a reservoir of feelings, urges, thoughts, and memories that outside of our
    consciousawareness.
    Psychoanalysis
    The humanpersonality consists three elements:

     ID
     Superego
     Ego
    Cognitive Psychology
     Is the study of mental process such as thinking, feeling, learning, reasoning and
    problemsolving, remembering and making decisions& judgments.
     observable behavior + inner thought process+ cognitive psychology = offered a well
    rounded picture of people (e.g. computer)
     Became the most popular school.
    42

    Review Question

    Cognitive psychology is heavily concerned with how our perceptionof eventsinfluences


    our actions.

    a. True

    b. False
    Humanistic& Positive Psychology
     Humanisticpsychology

     Positive psychology
    44

    Review Question

    Humanisticpsychologyhasa substantial impacton the field of business psychology.

    a. True

    b. False
    45

    Review Question

    Lookinginto one'sconsciousexperienceis called:


    a. Functionalism
    b. Introspection
    c. Structuralism
    d. Formalism
    46

    Review Question

    A key principle of behaviorism is that the way to understandhumanbeingsis to


    study their
    a. Actual behavior
    b. Thinkingpatterns
    c. Unconsciousbehavior
    d. Inner states
    47

    Review Question

    According to behaviorism, the behavior of human beingsand lower formsof


    animalsis shapedby :
    a. Instinct
    b. Theenvironment
    c. Theid, ego, and superego
    d. Heredity
    48

    Review Question

    The movementto explain the behavior of humanbeingsin termsof their intellectual,


    rational selves is called:
    a. Humanisticpsychology
    b. Cognitive psychology
    c. Behaviorism
    d. Businesspsychology
    49

    Review Question

    The school of thought in psychologythat emphasizesthe intangible or "soft"


    attributesof people is called :
    a. Humanisticpsychology
    b. Psychoanalysis
    c. Cognitive psychology
    d. Structuralism
    49

    Review Question

    ______is the psychology of whatmotivates people to buy goods or services affects


    advertising, be it on television, radio, movies, or the Internet
    a. Organizational psychology
    b. Sales psychology
    c. Developmental psychology
    d. Experimental psychology
    49

    Review Question

    If we take real estate, for exampleKnowing how people think helps builders design
    homesfor the consumer market.
    a. True
    b. False
    49

    Review Question

    The majoractivities of industrial and organizational psychology specialists in this


    field include:
    a. Job Analysis
    b. Performance appraisal
    c. Quality assurance
    d. All of the above
    49

    Review Question

    ______it focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic
    components:
    a. Functionalism
    b. Behaviorism
    c. Structuralism
    d. None of the above
    49

    Review Question

    Behaviorism formed as a reaction to the structuralism. It explains the mental


    processes in a moresystematic and accuratemanner
    a. True
    b. False
    49

    Review Question

    ______assumes that the key to understand humanbeing is their actual behavior


    not their inner status.
    a. Functionalism
    b. Behaviorism
    c. Structuralism
    d. None of the above
    49

    Review Question

    Psychoanalysis focuses on the inner motives and the unconscious part of


    personality and its influence on behavior.
    a. True
    b. False
    Dr. Mohamed Elmasry
    Email: [email protected]

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