Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 26 views

    8.2 Properties of Acids and Bases

    Uploaded by

    lobna masadeh
    The document summarizes key properties and reactions of acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and have a sour taste, while bases produce hydroxide ions in water and feel slippery. It describes acid-base reactions as producing salt and water, and outlines other reactions such as acids with metals and carbonates. The document also discusses naming acids and bases, using indicators to identify them, and acid-base titration processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    8.2 Properties of Acids and Bases

    Uploaded by

    lobna masadeh
    26 views24 pages
    The document summarizes key properties and reactions of acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and have a sour taste, while bases produce hydroxide ions in water and feel slippery. It describes acid-base reactions as producing salt and water, and outlines other reactions such as acids with metals and carbonates. The document also discusses naming acids and bases, using indicators to identify them, and acid-base titration processes.

    Original Title

    8.2_properties_of_acids_and_bases (1)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document summarizes key properties and reactions of acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and have a sour taste, while bases produce hydroxide ions in water and feel slippery. It describes acid-base reactions as producing salt and water, and outlines other reactions such as acids with metals and carbonates. The document also discusses naming acids and bases, using indicators to identify them, and acid-base titration processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views24 pages

    8.2 Properties of Acids and Bases

    Uploaded by

    lobna masadeh
    The document summarizes key properties and reactions of acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and have a sour taste, while bases produce hydroxide ions in water and feel slippery. It describes acid-base reactions as producing salt and water, and outlines other reactions such as acids with metals and carbonates. The document also discusses naming acids and bases, using indicators to identify them, and acid-base titration processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    8.

    2
    Properties of Acids and Bases
    ESSENTIAL IDEA
    The characterization of an acid depends on
    empirical evidence such as the production of
    gases in reactions with metals, the color
    change of indicators or the release of heat in
    reactions with metal oxides and hydroxides.
    NATURE OF SCIENCE (1.9)
    Obtaining evidence for theories – observable properties of
    acids and bases have led to the modification of acid-base
    theories.
    ACIDS
     Tart or sour taste
     Aqueous solutions are electrolytes
     Cause indicators to change colors
     React with bases to produce salt and H2O
     Produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in H2O
    Naming acids
    HX (hydrogen and mono or polyatomic ion)

    Anion ending Ex. Acid Name Ex.


    -ide Cl- hydro(stem)-ic acid hydrochloric acid

    -ite SO3-2 (stem)-ous acid sulfurous acid

    -ate NO3- (stem)-ic acid nitric acid


    bases
     Bitter taste and feels slippery
     React with acids to form salt + H2O
     Cause indicators to change colors
     Aqueous solutions are electrolytes
     Produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in H2O –
    known as alkalis.
    Alkalis
     All alkalis are
    bases, but not all
    bases produce
    the OH- ion so
    not all bases are
    alkalis.
    Naming Bases
    Bases are ionic compounds and follow ionic compound
    naming rules.
    NaOH –sodium hydroxide
    Ca(OH)2 –calcium hydroxide
    UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA 8.2.A
    Most acids have observable
    characteristic chemical reactions
    with reactive metals, metal oxides,
    metal hydroxides, hydrogen
    carbonates and carbonates.
    UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA 8.2.B

    Salt and water are produced in


    exothermic neutralization
    reactions.
    APPLICATIONS/SKILLS

    Be able to balance chemical


    equations for the reactions of
    acids.
    REACTIONS types
     An acid plus a base yields salt and water.
     An acid plus a metal yields salt and hydrogen.
     An acid plus a metal oxide yields salt and water.
     An acid plus a carbonate yields salt plus water and
    carbon dioxide.
     An acid plus a hydrogen carbonate yields salt plus
    water and carbon dioxide.
    ACIDS PLUS BASES
     An acid plus a base yields salt and water.
     This is known as neutralization and will be
    studied with titration.
     This reaction is always exothermic.
     HCl + NaOH ↔ NaCl + H2O
     The net ionic equation for a strong acid
    with a strong base is: H+ + OH- → H2O(l)
    ACIDS PLUS METALS
     A metal mixed with an acid produces a salt and
    hydrogen gas.
     This is simply a single replacement reaction.
     2HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2(g)
     The net ionic equation is:
     2H+ + Zn → Zn2+ + H2
    ACIDS WITH CARBONATES
     When you combine acids with carbonates, you get
    salt, water and CO2.
     This is really a double replacement reaction
    yielding salt and carbonic acid, H2CO3, which
    ALWAYS decomposes to H2O and CO2.
     2HCl + CaCO3 → CaCl2 + H2CO3
     2HCl + CaCO3 → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
     Net ionic: 2H+ + CO32- → H2O + CO2
    APPLICATIONS/SKILLS

    Be able to identify the acid and


    base needed to make different
    salts.
     Since an acid and a base react to form a salt and water,
    you can backtrack from the salt to determine which
    acid and base formed it.
     Split the ionic salt into it’s ions.
     Put H+ with the anion to make the acid.
     Put OH- with the cation to make the base.
     Salts can be neutral, acidic or basic.
    INDICATORS
     Acids and bases can be distinguished using indicators.
     Indicators are weak acids or bases whose conjugates
    have different colors.
     Common examples are on page 21 of the data booklet.
     The color change can be used to determine pH.
    NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS
     Neutralization reactions are used to determine the
    exact concentration of an acid or a base.
     The equivalence point is where they exactly neutralize
    each other.
     The end point is where the indicator changes color.
     These reactions are always exothermic.
    Citations
    International Baccalaureate Organization. Chemistry Guide, First
    assessment 2016. Updated 2015.

    Brown, Catrin, and Mike Ford. Higher Level Chemistry. 2nd ed. N.p.:
    Pearson Baccalaureate, 2014. Print.

    Most of the information found in this power point comes directly from
    this textbook.

    The power point has been made to directly complement the Higher
    Level Chemistry textbook by Catrin and Brown and is used for direct
    instructional purposes only.

    You might also like