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    3 Datalink Framing

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    HEER PATEL
    The data link layer is responsible for reliable communication between two adjacent nodes on a network. It provides services like framing, error control, flow control, and access control. Framing involves breaking the data stream into discrete frames with header and trailer fields. Error control involves checking for errors using checksums and retransmitting corrupted frames. Common framing methods include fixed-size, variable-size, and byte/bit stuffing where special characters are added to frames to delimit boundaries.

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    3 Datalink Framing

    Uploaded by

    HEER PATEL
    43 views25 pages
    The data link layer is responsible for reliable communication between two adjacent nodes on a network. It provides services like framing, error control, flow control, and access control. Framing involves breaking the data stream into discrete frames with header and trailer fields. Error control involves checking for errors using checksums and retransmitting corrupted frames. Common framing methods include fixed-size, variable-size, and byte/bit stuffing where special characters are added to frames to delimit boundaries.

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    The data link layer is responsible for reliable communication between two adjacent nodes on a network. It provides services like framing, error control, flow control, and access control. Framing involves breaking the data stream into discrete frames with header and trailer fields. Error control involves checking for errors using checksums and retransmitting corrupted frames. Common framing methods include fixed-size, variable-size, and byte/bit stuffing where special characters are added to frames to delimit boundaries.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views25 pages

    3 Datalink Framing

    Uploaded by

    HEER PATEL
    The data link layer is responsible for reliable communication between two adjacent nodes on a network. It provides services like framing, error control, flow control, and access control. Framing involves breaking the data stream into discrete frames with header and trailer fields. Error control involves checking for errors using checksums and retransmitting corrupted frames. Common framing methods include fixed-size, variable-size, and byte/bit stuffing where special characters are added to frames to delimit boundaries.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    Data link Layer

    Framing
    Data Link Layer
     Data link achieving reliable, efficient communication between two
    adjacent machines.
     Machines are connected by a communication channel that acts
    conceptually like wire (coaxial cable, telephone line, or point-to-
    point wireless channel)
    Data Link Layer – design issues
     Services Provided to the Network Layer
     Framing
     Error Control
     Flow Control
     Access Control
    Data Link Layer – design issues
    Services Provided to the Network Layer
    (a) Virtual communication
    (b) Actual communication

    The actual services offered can vary from system to


    system.
     Unacknowledged connectionless service.
     Acknowledged connectionless service.
     Acknowledged connection-oriented service.
    Framing
     Framing is a approach to break bit stream into discrete frames and compute the
    checksum for each frame.
     When a frame arrives at the destination, the checksum is recomputed.
     If the newly-computed checksum is different from the one contained in the
    frame, the data link layer knows that an error has occurred and takes steps to
    deal with it
     Discarding the bad frame and possibly also sending back an error report.

    Fixed-Size Framing
    Variable-Size Framing
    Framing

    A B C D

    A,D Data Trailer


    Framing
     Fixed –Size Framing
     Variable – Size framing
    Fixed Size Framing
    Physical Layer

    0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

    Problem: if data size is small then frame then we require to do padding


    Variable Size Framing
    Framing Methods
     Character Count
     Byte stuffing
     Bit stuffing
     Physical layer coding violations
    Character/Byte Count
     Uses a Field in a header to specify the number of bytes into frame
    Character/Byte Count
     Problem with byte count
    Character/Byte Count
     Problem with byte count

    The trouble with this method is that the count can be garbled by a transmission error.
    Parts of Frame
     Frame Header − It contains the source and the destination addresses of the
    frame.
     Payload field − It contains the message to be delivered.
     Trailer − It contains the error detection and error correction bits.
     Flag − It marks the beginning and end of the frame.
    Byte Stuffing ( character oriented protocol)

     Insert FLAG byte before each frame staring and ending

    1 2 3 4 6 7 9 3 1 2 1

    Flag 9 3 1 2 1 Flag
    Byte Stuffing ( character oriented protocol)
     Problem : FLAG byte is occur in data
    Byte Stuffing ( character oriented protocol)
    Byte Stuffing ( character oriented protocol)
    Byte Stuffing ( character oriented protocol)
     Byte stuffing is the process of adding 1 extra byte whenever there is a flag or escape
    character in the text.
    Byte Stuffing

     Uses a special 8- bit pattern flag 01111110 as the delimiter to define the beginning of the
    frame
    Byte Stuffing
    Bit Stuffing ( bit oriented protocol)
     Bit stuffing is the process of adding one extra 0 whenever five consecutive 1s follow a 0 in the
    data, so that the receiver does not mistake the pattern 0111110 for a flag.
    Bit Stuffing ( bit oriented protocol)
    Bit Stuffing and unstuffing
    Physical layer coding violations
     It only applicable to network in which the encoding on the physical medium contains some redundancy
     Example
     LANs encode 1 bit of data by using 2 physical bits.
     Normally ,a 1 bit is high-low pair and 0 bit is a low-high pair
     Easy for the receiver to locate the bit boundaries
     High-High and Low-Low are not used for data but are used for delimiting frames in some protocols

    11.25

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