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    Md-04 Combined Stresses

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    wingsmith
    Combining different types of stresses, using appropriate combined stress theories. Gain further understanding into how these combined stresses should be compared to the stress allowables for the materials being used in the design.

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    Md-04 Combined Stresses

    Uploaded by

    wingsmith
    70 views4 pages
    Combining different types of stresses, using appropriate combined stress theories. Gain further understanding into how these combined stresses should be compared to the stress allowables for the materials being used in the design.

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    Combining different types of stresses, using appropriate combined stress theories. Gain further understanding into how these combined stresses should be compared to the stress allowables for the materials being used in the design.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    70 views4 pages

    Md-04 Combined Stresses

    Uploaded by

    wingsmith
    Combining different types of stresses, using appropriate combined stress theories. Gain further understanding into how these combined stresses should be compared to the stress allowables for the materials being used in the design.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    4.

    Combined Stress and 330:148 (g) Machine Design


    Nageswara Rao Posinasetti

    Failure Theories
    When parts have multiple types of loading or more than one type of stress from a single load

    Objectives
    Group

    Grouping Types of Stresses


    Axial and Bending Torsion and Shear
    Appendix 1 p 466

    stresses by type, separating the stresses into bending and axial versus shear and torsional stresses. Combine like types of stresses in an appropriate manner. Combine different types of stresses, using appropriate combined stress theories. Gain further understanding into how these combined stresses should be compared to the stress allowables for the materials being used in the design.
    3

    Combined Axial and Bending stresses


    Summation of stresses taking the directions into account
    Column with an eccentric load

    Example Problem 4-1: Design of a Short Column with Eccentric Load


    Determine the stress in the 2-inch diameter vertical column shown.

    S = Saxial Sbending = F M A Z
    Tensile + Compressive 5 6

    Example Problem 4-1: Design of a Short Column with Eccentric Load


    Determine the stress in the 2-inch diameter vertical column shown.

    Example Problem 4-1: Design a Short Column with Eccentric Load (contd.)
    Bending stress:
    Fe M D4 S= = 32 Z = 10,000lb( 2in) (2 in) 4 = 25,460 lb / in 2 32
    (4-1)

    S = S axial S bending S = 3183 lb / in 2 25,460 lb / in 2


    First, determine stresses. Axial stress column.

    S = 28,647 lb / in 2
    The bending stress and axial stress add on the inner side of the

    S =

    F 10,000 lb lb = = 3183 2 A in (2 in)2 4


    7

    Stresses subtract on the outer side so we are primarily concerned about the inner surface.
    8

    Coplanar Shear Stresses


    Use vectorial addition

    Example Problem 4-2: Coplanar Shear


    Determine the stress in the 1/2-inch diameter pin.

    As the bell crank is free to rotate, both forces create shear stresses in the pin.
    Adding forces vectorially:
    (perpendicular forces)

    Ft

    (F1 2 + F2 2) Ft
    =

    (600 lb)2 + (800 lb)2 Ft


    =

    1000 lb = 5093 lb/in2

    S =

    1000 lb F = A (1/2 in)2 4

    10

    Shear and Torsion


    Use vectorial addition since the stresses are of the same type S = Storsion + Sshear

    Example Problem 4-3: Combined Torsion and Shear


    A roller chain system transmits 50 hp at a speed of 300 rpm. If the chain sprocket has an effective pitch diameter of 10 inches, calculate the combined stress in the 1-inch diameter shaft.

    11

    12

    Example Problem 4-3: Combined Torsion and Shear


    A roller chain system transmits 50 hp at a speed of 300 rpm. If the chain sprocket has an effective pitch diameter of 10 inches, calculate the combined stress in the 1-inch diameter shaft.

    Example Problem 4-3: Combined Torsion and Shear (contd.)


    Driving force in chain:
    (2-5) F = T 10,500 in-lb = r 10 in 2 F = 2100 lb as: T = Fr

    (2-6) 63,000 (hp) T = n T = 63,000 (50 hp) 300 rpm

    Calculate shear and torsional stresses.


    Shear in shaft:

    T = 10,500 in-lb
    Ss =

    F 2100 lb = A (1 in)2 4

    Ss = 2674 lb/in2

    13

    14

    Example Problem 4-3: Combined Torsion and Shear (contd)

    Torsional stress:
    Ss = T Z' (Appendix 3) Z' =

    Normal and Shear Stresses


    Mohrs Circle = equivalent combined normal stress S = normal stress from bending or axial loads SS = shear or torsional stress
    2 S 2 S = SS + 2 2 1/2

    D3
    16 = .196 in3

    Z' =

    (1 in)3
    16

    Ss =

    10,500 in-lb .196 in3

    Ss = 53,570 lb/in2 (4-3) Stotal = Storsion + Sshear Stotal = 53,570 lb/in2 + 2,674 lb/in2 Stotal = 56,250 lb/in2

    This value would be compared to shear stress allowable for the shaft material.

    15

    16

    Normal and Shear Stresses


    S = F / A for axial loads S = M / Z for bending loads SS = F / A for shear loads SS = T c / J for torsion shear

    Example Problem 4-4: Combined Normal and Shear Stress


    A center mounted chain drive system transmits 20 hp at a speed of 500 rpm. If the sprocket has a pitch diameter of 8 inches, would this be an acceptable design if the shaft is made of hot rolled AISI 1020 steel and a safety factor of 2 based on yield is desired?

    17

    18

    Example Problem 4-4: Combined Normal and Shear Stress


    A center mounted chain drive system transmits 20 hp at a speed of 500 rpm. If the sprocket has a pitch diameter of 8 inches, would this be an acceptable design if the shaft is made of hot rolled AISI 1020 steel and a safety factor of 2 based on yield is desired? Torque on shaft:

    Example Problem 4-4: Combined Normal and Shear Stress


    (contd.)

    Force in chain:
    F = T 2520 in-lb = = 630 lb r 8 in 2

    63,000 hp n 63,000 (20 hp ) T = 500 rpm T = T = 2,520 in lb

    (2-6)

    Bending moment in shaft:

    (Appendix 2) Mm = FL 4

    Mm =

    630 lb 12 in 4

    Mm = 1,890 in-lb

    19

    20

    Example Problem 4-4: Combined Normal and Shear Stress (contd.)


    Calculating torsional and bending stresses
    Torsional shear stress:
    Ss = T Z' (Z' from Appendix 3) Ss = 2520 in-lb D3 16

    Example Problem 4-4: Combined Normal and Shear Stress (contd.)


    Combining stresses:
    (4-4) S S 2 = 2 Ss2 + 2

    2 2 9860 lb/in2 9860 lb/in + (6570 lb/in2) + 2 2 2

    Ss =

    (1.25 in) 3
    16

    2520 in-lb

    = 13,150 lb/in2
    (Appendix 4)
    S = M 1890 in-lb = Z D3 32
    (Z from Appendix 3)

    Ss = 6570 in-lb

    Sy = 30,000 lb/in2 Sy = 15,000 lb/in2 2 This is greater than the combined stress of 13,150 lb/in2, so it is acceptable.

    Bending (normal) stress:

    S =

    (1.25 in)3
    32

    1890 in-lb

    S = 9860 lb/in2

    21

    22

    Combined maximum shear stress


    = Maximum combined shear stress S = normal stress SS = shear stress
    2 S = SS 2 + 2 1/2

    Distortion energy theory


    Also called as von Mises theory Closely duplicate the failure of ductile materials under static, repeated and combined stresses To use this determine the two principal stresses using Mohrs circle or other means

    ' = 1 + 2 1 2
    23 24

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