Rma - Chapter 1-3 PDF

Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
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E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design
A PROPOSED BATANGAS CITY MEDICAL TOURISM

CENTER
Prepared by:
Apdua, Kristine Emerald B.
Domingo, Jennifer D.
Mañosca, Ma. Micaela
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE 4TH YEAR - ARC 4102
Dissertation:
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the 1st Semester in
ARCH 537- Research Methods for Architecture
To:
Ar. Bernadine M. Ilagan
ARCH 537- Research Methods for Architecture
Instructor
November, 2023
Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives, Building the Nation

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF TABLES vi
CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Problem and Its Background 1
1.2 Background of the Study 4
1.3 Statement of the Problem 6
1.3.1 Major Problems 6
1.3.2 Minor Problems 7
1.4 Significance of the Study 7
1.5 Objectives of the Study 8
1.5.1 Project Objectives 8
1.5.2 Design Objectives 10
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study 12
1.7 Theoretical Framework 13
1.8 Conceptual Framework 15
1.9 Definition of Terms 16
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1.9.1 Contextual Definition 17
1.9.2 Operational Definition 18
1.9.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms 18
CHAPTER II - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Related Literature 20
2.1.1 Foreign Researches 20
2.1.2 Local Researches 31
2.1.3 Synthesis of Reviewed Literature 40
2.2 Related Studies 43
2.2.1 Foreign Studies 43
2.2.2 Local Studies 49
2.2.3 Synthesis of Reviewed Studies 55
CHAPTER III - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 60
3.1.1. Research Paradigm 60
3.2 Data Analysis and Presentation 63
3.2.1 Site Selection 63
3.2.1.1 Site Criteria 63
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3.2.1.2 System of Evaluation and Ratings 69
3.2.1.3 Site Justification 71
3.2.2 Site Data 72
3.2.2.1 Micro Site 72
3.2.2.2 Macro Site 74
3.2.3 Site Analysis 86
3.2.3.1 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities 88
and Threats (SWOT) Analysis
3.2.3.2 Summary of site analysis 89
3.2.4 User’s Analysis 90
3.2.4.2 Organizational Structure 97
3.2.4.3 Behavioral Pattern Analysis 97
REFERENCES 99
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LIST OF TABLES
No. Title Page
Table 1.0 Data Sources ` 61
Table 2.0 System Of Evaluation and Ratings 71
Table 3.0 SWOT Analysis 89
Table 4.0 Number of Tourists Arrival in the Philippines from 2019 to 2023 90
Table 5.0 Regional Distribution of Traveler around the Philippines (2017-2020) 91
Table 6.0 CALABARZON Annual Report on Number of Foreign and Domestic Tourists 91
Table 7.0 Visitors Arrival with Health and Medical Reason (2018-2022) 93
Table 8.0 Air Visitors Arrival to the Philippines with Health and Medical Reasons 96
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LIST OF FIGURES
No. Title Page
Figure 1.0 Design Paradigm 15
Figure 2.0 Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi 20
Figure 3.0 Rugerero Health Center 22
Figure 4.0 KANEKA Wellness Center 25
Figure 5.0 Los Cobos Medical Center 27
Figure 6.0 Columbia Asia Medical Centre 29
Figure 7.0 Asian Hospital and Medical Center 31
Figure 8.0 Makati Medical Center 33
Figure 9.0 Manila Doctors Hospital 35
Figure 10.0 Makati Medical Center 37
Figure 11.0 St. Luke’s Medical Center 38
Figure 12.0 A Conceptual Image of Blacktown Brain and Spinal Institute 47
Figure 13.0 CAZA Hybrid Hospital and Trauma Center Prototype Aerial View 49
Figure 14.0 Saint Luke’s Medical Center 51
Figure 15.0 Research Paradigm 60
Figure 16.0 Location Map of Site A 66
Figure 17.0 Location Map of Site B 67
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Figure 18.0 Location Map of Site C 68
Figure 19.0 Site Map and Analysis of Proposed Project 72
Figure 20.0 Map of Batangas City 74
Figure 21.0 Location Map of Batangas City 75
Figure 22.0 Annual Wind Speed and Direction of Batangas City 83
Figure 23.0 Sun Path and Wind Orientation Diagram 86
Figure 24.0 DOH Organizational Structure 97
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Problem and Its Background
'Healing Beyond Borders' depicts how individuals, over the years, have embarked on
extensive journeys in search of healthcare and well-being. Since the late 1990s, the concept
of Medical Tourism has seen rapid growth, with patients traveling overseas to access various
medical procedures, including invasive therapies and, notably, cosmetic surgery. Although
the expansion of medical tourism has led to the growth of diverse rejuvenation options, it
encompasses a broader scope. It entails global journeys in pursuit of remedies and the
resolution of more severe medical conditions, frequently involving surgical procedures, for a
multitude of motives and in varied contexts.
A Medical Tourism Center is conventionally a separate entity from a hospital. It is an
intermediary or a facilitator which serves as an interconnected branch to other medical
facilities around the globe. These centers offer a variety of services that make the process of
seeking medical treatment domestically or internationally more accessible and convenient.
The growth of medical tourism has led to the establishment of specialized
international patient wards in regions like India, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. This
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transformation has prompted hospitals to reevaluate their architecture, design, and
organization, balancing tourism industry standards with local healthcare needs.
The Philippines has made advancements, seamlessly integrated cutting-edge
healthcare technologies and international standards while preserving and showcasing
Philippine culture and traditions. Some foreign nationals choose the Philippines as their
medical tourism destination for its value-for-money medical procedures. Numerous Filipino
expatriates also return to the Philippines for medical treatment, often combining their
healthcare procedures with family reunions.
In 2006, the Philippine Congress enacted a bill that established the Medical Tourism
Bureau, marking the beginning of the nation's efforts to promote health tourism. The initial
years saw remarkable success, given the effective communication between patients and
healthcare providers being one of the fundamental pillars of healthcare delivery, propelling
the Philippines to the list of choice destinations in the industry.
Looking ahead to 2023, The Department of Tourism (DOT) is currently engaged in
proactive efforts to enhance medical tourism in the Philippines, by leveraging the expertise of
the country's acclaimed physicians and the unique Filipino approach to healthcare.
Additionally, Boracay, and CALABARZON are being explored as potential wellness
destinations within the Philippines.
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The continuous global growth of medical tourism in the Philippines can be attributed
to the convergence of economic, demographic, epidemiological, communication, and
transportation factors. Despite offering more competitive prices in surgical procedures than
its Asian counterparts, it continues to get a minuscule share of the medical tourism market. A
challenge the Philippine tourism sector is facing might be somewhat rooted to inadequate
infrastructure and services, resulting in overcrowding at major medical tourism facilities in
the country.
This study primarily centers on imbuing the development with distinctiveness by
seamlessly integrating vernacular and sustainable approaches. These strategies aim to
highlight the culture of the locality while ensuring that the development aligns with the
specific needs and behaviors of its users through cultural integration, particularly catering to
the requirements of both local and international medical tourists.
Thus, this project proposal entitled, “A Proposed Batangas City Medical Tourism
Center”, intends to provide state of the art Architecture which involves new facilities and
spaces that are patient-centric, culturally integrated, and universally designed through
adapting innovations that aspires to pave the way for the locality to transform into a
designated special economic zone (SEZ), marking a noteworthy stride elevating the country’s
economic status.
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1.2 Background of the Study
Healthcare facilities typically don't come to mind as a place for leisurely visit or even
as points of curiosity. Nevertheless, there are some with striking architecture in which it
imbues a sense of compassion into the pain, suffering, and relief that are felt within the walls
of the structure that capture the attention of people.
From the aesthetics and atmosphere with its cultural and destination appeal, a
Medical Tourism Center should project an attractive image since it has a huge impact on how
domestic and international patients will perceive the facilities’ progress.
The Philippines is renowned for its wide array of tourism and recreational activities.
Patients and their companions can immerse themselves in the country's cultural heritage, visit
historical sites, and appreciate its natural wonders.
According to the Department of Health (DOH), the field of international medical
travel and wellness tourism (MTWT) presents a promising opportunity to catapult the
Philippines into a sustainable economic growth, but only if it is developed and managed with
precision. On the contrary, the Philippines is notably lagging behind other ASEAN countries
which is clearly evidenced by trade negotiations for which the DOH participates in.
The Department of Tourism (DOT) is actively investing into the country’s potential as
a viable global destination for medical and wellness tourism, to utilize it as a marketable
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product around the world and strengthen its position as a hub for health and wellness tourism
in Asia, as well as globally.
One of the potential locations here in the country for a medical tourism center is in
Batangas City.
Batangas City, as the provincial capital of Batangas, holds a critical role in driving
economic growth within the region. It is among the cities in the country with significant
economic prospects.
As per the municipality's Comprehensive Land Use Plan, the economic structure of
Batangas City, particularly in the realm of human health, comprises 266 registered businesses
catering to the healthcare requirements of its residents. Among the services offered are
medical and dental clinics, dermatology facilities, optical clinics, and health laboratories.
Regarding tourism, Batangas City exhibits a diverse range of attractions, spanning
from historically significant and recreational man-made sites to natural wonders. The city's
tourism assets encompass pristine beaches, Mt. Banoy, plazas, historic buildings, and iconic
landmarks.
The Proposed Batangas City Medical Tourism Center can benefit from the said
aspects. This development holds the potential to make significant contributions to both the
city and the state impacting the economy and healthcare system positively.
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1.3 Statement of the Problem
This study focusing on a Proposed Batangas City Medical Tourism Center begins
with an end goal in mind conceiving a unique vernacular and sustainable design approach. In
order to make this possible, the study shall answer the following questions:
1.3.1. Major Problems
1.3.1.1 In what way can a sustainable and vernacular approach be incorporated into
the development?
1.3.1.2 What architectural strategies and innovations are required to bolster its market
presence?
1.3.1.3 How will the development promote job opportunities in the fields of
healthcare, hospitality, and tourism, thereby benefiting the local workforce given the
integration of advanced technologies in architectural design?
1.3.1.4 What can the project do to promote cross-cultural relationships and improve
the country’s global reputation?
1.3.1.5 What cost-effective materials can be utilized without compromising the
aesthetics, functionality, and technological aspects of the project?
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1.3.2. Minor Problems
1.3.2.1 What Architectural style will be used as an approach for the design?
1.3.2.2 What are the spaces needed to be incorporated in the development?
1.3.2.3 What are the Architectural elements needed to be applied in the project?
1.4 Significance of the Study
The findings of this study are significant to the following:
To the City of Batangas. The proposed project will improve local healthcare
administrations, social trade, framework advancement, and tourism cooperative energy,
collectively improving the city's success and well-being.
To the people and medical professionals of Batangas City. It presents an
opportunity to support the local healthcare infrastructure and provide access to world-class
medical services. It also makes a platform for local medical professionals to showcase their
ability and contribute to the development of medical tourism within the locale.
To users, especially tourists and travelers in Batangas City. As a first medical
tourism center in Batangas, the result of this study lies in its ability to transform the city into
a comprehensive destination for tourists and travelers by providing not only high-quality
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healthcare services but also unique healthcare and wellness tourism experience, attracting
more visitors and improving Batangas’ overall appeal as a travel destination.
To the students of the College of Architecture, Fine Arts and Design. The
proposed project will provide them with an opportunity to engage in a comprehensive
architectural design project, allowing them to apply their knowledge and abilities to the
specific needs of a modern healthcare facility.
To the future researchers of the same or related study. The study may provide the
researchers with new experiences. This study’s findings may serve as a reference guide
which will help the future researchers who wish to conduct the same study or any
study-related study in completion of their own design projects.
1.5 Objective of the Study
1.5.1. Project Objectives
This project aims to propose a unique, sustainable Batangas City Medical Tourism
Center, integrating local design elements, ensuring financial viability, and fostering economic
growth and healthcare excellence in the region.
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General Objectives
The proposed project aims to establish a successful Batangas City Medical Tourism
Center that enhances local healthcare services, promotes economic development, and
showcases sustainable design principles while respecting the region’s vernacular architecture,
culture and environment.
Specific Objectives
1.5.1.1 To develop a healthcare facility that provides a wide range of medical
specializations and services, addressing local healthcare requirements and enhancing the
community's healthcare quality and accessibility
1.5.1.2 To create a financially successful and sustainable Medical Tourism Center that
creates jobs, attracts medical tourists, and promotes the local economy through increased
tourism and healthcare-related revenue.
1.5.1.3 To integrate eco-friendly architectural and operational practices into the
center's design and operation, encouraging environmental sustainability and serving as a
model for regional sustainable healthcare infrastructure.
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1.5.1.4 To include local architectural traditions and cultural components in the design
to ensure that the center connects with Batangas City's legacy and values, contributing to a
feeling of place and identity.
1.5.1.5 To implement eco-friendly measures that reduce the center's environmental
footprint, such as energy-efficient systems, waste reduction, and responsible resource
management, in alignment with larger efforts to protect the local environment and natural
resources.
1.5.2 Design Objectives
The following are the design objectives of the project in order to create a proposed
Batangas City Medical Tourism Center.
General Objectives
The proposed design of the project aims to create an architecturally striking and
sustainable healthcare facility that integrates with the local culture and environment,
providing a patient-centered, safe, and technologically advanced space for medical tourists
while contributing to the city's visual identity and environmental harmony.
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Specific Objectives
1.5.2.1 To Incorporate vernacular architectural elements and design motifs specific to
Batangas City to reflect local culture and legacy, resulting in the creation of a distinct and
culturally resonant architectural character for the center.
1.5.2.2 To implement sustainable design principles, such as energy-efficient systems,
natural lighting, and green building materials, to reduce the facility's environmental footprint
and promote long-term eco-friendly operation.
1.5.2.3 To create a healing-focused design that improves the patient experience by
using calming and therapeutic aesthetics, natural components, and well-planned patient areas
to encourage comfort and emotional well-being.
1.5.2.4 To design a facility that is culturally integrated, inclusive and accessible, with
features that accommodate people with disabilities, and that is easy to navigate and use for all
patients, staff, and visitors.
1.5.2.5 To integrate innovative healthcare technology, capabilities, and efficient
infrastructure to enable high-quality medical services while keeping the center at the
forefront of healthcare innovation.
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1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
Scope
The study primarily centers on instilling the development with distinctiveness by
seamlessly integrating vernacular and sustainable approaches. These strategies aim to
highlight the culture of the locality while ensuring that the development aligns with the
specific needs and behaviors of its users, particularly catering to the requirements of both
local and international medical tourists.
This study examines the project from various angles, including its physical, social,
environmental, cultural, and economic dimensions. This study covers the following:
1. Conceptualization
2. Designing and Planning
3. Innovation
The studies and researches on different aspects will be discussed in this study
through:
1. Feasibility Study
2. Site Selection, Site Analysis, and Site Justification
3. Site Development Plans
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4. Space Programming
5. Floor Plans
6. Elevations
7. Sections
8. Exterior and Interior Perspectives
Limitations
This study will focus on architectural aspects and will be limited in terms of structural
engineering. Despite these limitations, the research provides necessary details into the project
and serves as a foundation for future investigations and considerations.
Additionally, an economic evaluation will be carried out to assess the cost-efficiency
of sustainable design strategies within the project. The extent of this economic assessment is
influenced by financial limitations and may not encompass a comprehensive long-term cost
analysis.
1.7 Theoretical Framework
This study is anchored on the Vitruvian triad, a fundamental principle for all
structures that serves as a cornerstone, emphasizing durability (firmitas), utility (utilitas), and
aesthetics (venustas). It's relevant as the project uses vernacular materials, considers local
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climate and human scale, prioritizing efficiency and cost-effectiveness over aesthetics while
tailoring dwellings to occupants.
One way to innovative and healing architecture is through biomimetic architecture.
According to Janine Benyus, it is a technology-driven approach that applies nature's
principles in three key ways: as a model for inspiration and problem-solving, as a measure to
judge human innovations against ecological standards, and as a mentor that encourages new
ways of observing and valuing nature.
According to Bhabha (1988), Cultural diversity is an epistemological object— culture
as an object of empirical knowledge—whereas cultural difference is the process of the
enunciation of culture as ‘knowledgeable’, authoritative, adequate to the construction of
systems of cultural identification. Architectural design and concepts should transcend
surface-level cultural allusions and actively involve the diverse communities they cater to.
This approach enables the creation of spaces that not only cater to the requirements of
various ethnic groups but also serve as a medium for expressing and embodying culture. It
guarantees that architectural designs are not just visually appealing but also hold cultural
significance, enhancing the built environment with a profound appreciation of cultural
diversity.
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The study also draws support from the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) theory formulated
by John Elkington in 1994, which centers on three fundamental dimensions of performance:
people, planet, and profits. The adaptability of the TBL enables organizations to tailor the
concept to align with their specific needs. It pertains to confronting sustainability challenges,
advocating for accountable architecture, and adapting to evolving client preferences and
regulatory standards.
1.8 Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Figure 1.0 Design Paradigm
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The design paradigm presented in Figure 1.0 illustrates the relationship between
dependent and independent variables in conceptualizing the design for the envisioned
medical tourism center. In this framework, the dependent variables consist of the design
concept and innovation as a process, resulting in the Proposed Medical Tourism Center as the
output. The independent variables include the strategies and approaches, as well as the
procedures employed by the researcher to come up with the proposal.
The idea behind the medical tourism center is to promote the Philippine tourism
industry and healthcare sector; and to boost the country's economy. The development will
serve as a medical hub incorporating a balanced combination of a vernacular and sustainable
approach, and cost-efficient strategies. It will include a culturally integrated design which
also incorporates Filipino culture at the same time. The proposed development will introduce
new architectural innovations that will yield advantages not just for the government but also
for the City of Batangas.
1.9 Definition of Terms
For better understanding, the following terms are defined contextually and
operationally as used in this study to avoid misinterpretation.
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1.9.1. Contextual Definition
Cosmetic Surgery. It is a plastic surgery for improving a person's appearance by
restoration of damaged areas of skin, removal of wrinkles or blemishes, etc.
Diverse Rejuvenation. It is a broad or varied process of renewal, revitalization, or
revival that encompasses a wide range of aspects, elements, or areas.
Epidemiological. It is a branch of medicine which deals with the incidence,
distribution, and control of diseases.
Expatriates. It refers to a person who lives outside of their native country.
Global Growth. The expanding of business operations into new and potentially
untapped international markets.
Invasive Therapy. It refers to a medical or therapeutic procedure that involves the
insertion of instruments or devices into the body to treat a condition or perform a specific
medical intervention.
Medical Tourism. It refers to people traveling abroad to obtain medical treatment.
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1.9.2. Operational Definition
Catapult. It refers to a significant boost, advancement, or catalyst that propels a
company or project forward.
Fundamental pillar. It denotes a foundational and indispensable element or
component that is essential to the concept it supports.
Market. It is the process of promoting, advertising, and selling goods or services in
order to make them available to the end-users.
Patient-centric. It refers to an approach that prioritizes the needs, comfort, and
well-being of patients when planning and creating healthcare facilities.
Vernacular. It refers to the local or traditional architectural style and building
practices of a specific region or community.
1.10 Abbreviations and Acronyms
DOT- Department of Tourism
DOH- Department of Health
ASEAN- Association of Southeast Asian Nation
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MTWT-Medical Travel and Wellness Tourism
CALABARZON - Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon
SEZ - Special Economic Zone
TBL-Triple Bottom Line
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Related Literature
2.1.1 Foreign Researches
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
Figure 2.0 Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi

https://www.telematics.ae/2020/07/15/cleveland-clinic-abu-dhabi/
The Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, designed by HDR firm and recognized as one of
Abu Dhabi's prominent healthcare facilities, spans 23 acres and comprises 5 clinical floors, 3
levels for diagnostics and treatment, along with 13 floors dedicated to critical and acute
inpatient units. The comprehensive facility, modeled after the U.S.-based Cleveland Clinic,
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brings a multi-specialty approach to healthcare, providing a wide array of tertiary and
quaternary medical services.
The facility presents a picturesque view, featuring lush gardens, a radiant
double-skinned patient tower, unique diamond glazing, contemporary interiors, and vibrant
massing, an embodiment of the high standards in medical care. Infused with a collection of
cultural influences, the design firmly anchors the project in Abu Dhabi. The chosen palette
mirrors the hues of the Gulf waters, which includes the turquoise shade, and draws from the
neutral tones of the desert. Interior patterns and motifs resonate with its local vernacular,
evident in the Arabesque-patterned screen elements throughout the building.
Diverging from the typical intricate layout found in many hospitals, each healthcare
unit is represented by a distinct architectural form strategically arranged to convey the
seamless progression of healthcare services. Organized in gracefully arranged blocks
surrounding a central reflective pool, which serves as both a literal and symbolic foundation
rooted in water, signifying tranquility and the process of healing. This design not only
enhances operational efficiencies for the staff but also offers clear navigation for visitors,
replacing convoluted corridors with sleek glass walkways that connect every area seamlessly.
The interior architecture follows a concept aimed at slightly erasing the distinction
between a hospital and a hospitality setting. The use of radiant onyx and warm soothing
wood tones serves as a grounding element for both the interior and exterior spaces.
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Incorporating indoor water features introduces gentle white noise, contributing to patient
calmness and an overall sense of tranquility. Additionally, strategically placed green spaces
not only enhance mental alertness but also establish communal gathering areas, fostering a
sense of community within the hospital environment.
Rugerero Health Center
Figure 3.0 Rugerero Health Center

https://www.climate-design.org/rugererohealthcentre
In the rural regions of Rwanda, where the structure is situated, the majority of
communities lack access to fundamental healthcare services. These particular communities,
identified as the most economically disadvantaged, are in critical need of such services.
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Rugerero marks the inaugural health center crafted by ASA studio, aiming to cater to an
approximate population of 35,000 residents, as well as an additional thousand individuals
who will commute by foot, bicycle, or bus.
The development's concept lies in the notion of providing a sustainably enhanced
healthcare facility that engages the community in both design and construction processes,
utilizing locally sourced materials and traditional techniques. The design is rooted in
straightforward principles, focusing on accessibility and deliberate separation of flows to
prevent cross-contamination between outpatients and inpatients.
The programs are organized into interconnected blocks with a central corridor. The
entry block includes reception, waiting areas, nutrition, vaccination, triage, consultations,
labs, and administration. The upper block houses wards, isolation and nurse rooms, laundry,
and maternity, accessible by ambulance through a designated gate. A separate service block
includes an incinerator, generator, storage, and water treatment. Green filter spaces with
landscaping and seating areas characterize the areas between the blocks. To enhance energy
efficiency and overcome power cuts, cross ventilation and interior daylighting are achieved
through wall perforations, shading devices, green patios, and skylights, reducing reliance on
expensive power consumption in waiting areas.
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Low-cost architecture involves converting a minimal budget into maximum space by
prioritizing flexibility and sheltered exterior circulation. This approach allows for visual
connections, control, increased space capacity, and a seamless connection to the immediate
context. The development also applies a rainwater collection and reuse enabled by two
underground water tanks which collects 70.000 L of rain, then filters and is distributed to
toilets, fountains, showers and sinks. Toilet flushes connected to separate septic tanks are
integrated and are fed rain water by gravity.
In spite of the affordable architecture of the health center, aesthetic impacts are still
intact that makes the center appealing to the users and serves functionality by making it
easier to locate. The accessibility is ensured to everyone through its ramps and smooth
surfaces.
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KANEKA Wellness Center
Figure 4.0 KANEKA Wellness Center
http://surl.li/nclww
KANEKA Wellness Center is KANEKA Corporation's welfare facility, which also
functions as a medical facility. In its construction plan, TAISEI DESIGN Planners Architects
& Engineers provided design, which used various environmental technologies developed by
Kaneka under Kengo Kuma & Associates' supervision.
Its design goal was the construction of buildings surrounded by greenery, preserving
as many existing trees as possible, tree felling, mainly of invasive alien species of trees, and
was carried out so as to preserve tree species suitable to the area. Expansive polyhedral roofs,
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seamlessly extending from the ground, envelop the buildings, harmonizing the architecture
with the surrounding woods.
Polyhedral roofs incorporate tile-integrated solar cells, transparent solar cells, and
green roofs, incorporating various environmental technologies into the buildings. For
instance, the structures employ external insulation and a dual ventilation approach for
wooden construction for detached houses was adopted to the buildings to install a system that
changes ventilation routes according to outdoor air temperature.
Furthermore, the incorporation of extended eaves and exceptional heat insulation
properties played a crucial role in attaining Net-ZEB status, where the energy balance is
maintained at zero. The facility has been awarded the WELL Platinum Certification by
IWBI, acknowledging its health-centric features and designs. These include an interior that
extensively utilizes wooden materials and abundant greenery visible through the windows.
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Los Cobos Medical Center
Figure 5.0 Los Cobos Medical Center

https://archello.com/story/79013/attachments/photos-videos/1
Los Cobos Medical Center sets a relevant design parameter that gives a more human
perception onto hospital spaces so that it will not project as a hospital. It also aims to enhance
good life qualities for patients with spaces meant for accompanying parties and for medical
personnel including students. It also promotes a highly functional medical environment with
high standards.
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This project envisions two elements including a platform with a tower above it, where
the first one hosts the hospital facilities, while the other allocates hospitalization services.
The platform was conceived as a stripped building that generates a rhythmic composition
among built up and voided areas, stripes with greenery enhance the appearance of a
lightweight building where the mass got fractured.
Furthermore, the stripped solution also allows the volumes to be autonomous while at
the same time it interconnects, a situation that enhances the hospital services and its inner
functionality. Finally, the stripes increase the access of natural light and connection with the
environment.
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Columbia Asia Medical Centre
Figure 6.0 Columbia Asia Medical Centre
https://msiaarch.blogspot.com/2012/02/columbia-asia-medical-centre-by.html
A healthcare facility situated in Nusajaya, Malaysia, the Columbia Asia Medical
Centre, crafted by Environmental Design Practice Sdn Bhd, stands as a unique medical
institution. The design brief aimed to deviate from the conventional hospital appearance,
seeking a space that instills confidence in users, projecting an aura of scientific precision in
healthcare. The owner enlisted Environmental Design Practice Sdn. Bhd. to develop the
prototype design for their 82-bedded community hospital, marking the second construction
following the same prototype.
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Diverged from the conventional approach of local hospitals that often use vernacular
or tropical architectural styles, this hospital boldly breaks away from the traditional design
paradigm in the region. It utilizes a curtain wall system to optimize natural daylight, creating
a visually pleasing and proportionate facade. The cladding features bright silver composite
aluminum panels and blue-tinted glass, presenting a contemporary curtain wall aesthetic with
a clean and sleek image. This functional, high-tech appearance is intentionally crafted to
instill confidence in the advanced healing technology within. Despite the relatively simple
structural elements, the architect achieves elegance by intricately detailing the building's
design language
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2.1.2 Local Researches
Asian Hospital and Medical Center
Figure 7.0 Asian Hospital and Medical Center

https://www.asianhospital.com/contact-us/
Founded in 2002, the Asian Hospital and Medical Centre boasts a meticulously
planned 17,250-square meter space, AHMC accommodates 296 beds, ensuring a sanctuary
that prioritizes the safety of every patient, guest, and staff member. The medical team
comprises over 1,000 doctors trained in various specialties from leading global institutions,
complemented by a team of more than 400 highly skilled nurses and a total staff of 1,000
employees. This collective effort allows AHMC to consistently deliver high-quality patient
care.
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Partially owned and affiliated with Bumrungrad International Hospital in Bangkok,
Thailand, the Asian Hospital and Medical Center received recognition in 2005 as the Most
Outstanding Modern Hospital from the Philippine Marketing Excellence Award.
Additionally, it holds accreditation from the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation.
Collaborating with the Department of Health and the Department of Tourism, the hospital
actively contributes to the promotion of medical tourism in the Philippines.
Pioneering a hospital design that mirrors a hotel-like atmosphere, AHMC is
committed to fostering an environment that prioritizes healing, comfort, and care for both
patients and their families.
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The Medical City
Figure 8.0 Makati Medical Center

https://www.themedicalcity.com/our-network/medical-city-ortigas-main
The Medical City (TMC), a private tertiary care hospital, has inaugurated its
state-of-the-art healthcare complex, catering to approximately 40,000 inpatients and 380,000
outpatients annually. Positioned along Ortigas Avenue in the business district of Pasig City,
Metro Manila, this remarkable facility serves as a hub for providing advanced health
services. It houses centers of excellence specializing in Cardiovascular, Cancer,
Neuroscience, Regenerative Medicine, and Wellness services.
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The hospital complex showcases a modern and inviting architectural and interior
design, featuring hotel-like interiors and a warm ambiance. The rooms are thoughtfully
designed to provide calming views of the verdant gardens, the Pasig and Makati skylines, and
the Antipolo mountains.
Ensuring the safety and security of both clients and staff, the complex is equipped
with an extensive array of cutting-edge features, including an advanced Building
Management System. Additionally, specific patient areas within the complex incorporate
biosafety features for enhanced protection.
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Manila Doctor’s Hospital
Figure 9.0 Manila Doctor’s Hospital

https://www.rchitects.ph/projects/project/don-norberto-ty-tower/
The Manila Doctors Hospital was established in the year 1956 under the ownership of
Manila Medical Services, Inc. and serves as a significant socio-corporate health
responsibility project of the Metrobank Foundation, Inc. Situated in Ermita, Manila, this
private tertiary hospital boasts a 300-bed capacity. It achieved the distinction of being the
first hospital in Manila to obtain an ISO 9001:2000 Certification. Additionally, it holds
current accreditation from both the Philippine Department of Health and the Philippine
Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth).
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It provides residency and fellowship programs in various medical specialties, catering
to physicians pursuing advanced training in areas such as Internal Medicine, Pediatrics,
General Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pulmonology, Gastroenterology, and more.
This healthcare institution encompasses diverse medical departments and facilities to
meet the needs of its patient community. Among these are Nuclear Medicine, Industrial
Medicine, Radiology Department, Rehabilitation Medicine, Special Diagnostics, Laboratory
Medicine, and several Clinical Departments. Its services extend to both local and
international patients.
The development’s architectural design seamlessly integrates modern elements with a
focus on functionality and aesthetics. Both the exterior and interior of the hospital embody a
contemporary style that places a premium on patient comfort and the streamlined delivery of
healthcare services.
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Makati Medical Center
Figure 10.0 Makati Medical Center

https://www.qunomedical.com/en/makati-medical-center
Established in 1969, Makati Medical Center was the vision of esteemed Filipino
doctors and businessmen. The collective aim was to establish a world-class medical facility
in the burgeoning city of Makati. It boasts a substantial in-patient capacity, with 717 beds in
total. Among these, 570 allocated for acute care, 64 for the nursery, and 50 for the
emergency Established in 1969, this privately owned and operated hospital occupies a
significant land area of 50,000 square meters.
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With a staff of 814 physicians specializing in various medical fields, 530 are actively
present for patient consultations, while 284 serve as special visiting physicians. Notably,
Makati Medical Center achieved several medical milestones, including hosting the
Philippines' first successful heart surgery. The center introduced the country's initial intensive
care unit, Cardiology training center, and Computer Imaging Institute.
St. Luke’s Medical Center
Figure 11.0 St. Luke's Medical Center (Quezon City & Global City)
https://www.stlukes.com.ph/news-and-events/news-and-press-release/better-normal-with-st-l
ukes-medical-center
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Established in 1903, St. Luke's Medical Center holds a distinguished status as the
Philippines' premier healthcare institution. Its state-of-the-art facilities in Taguig, Quezon
City, and Global City are on par with the most advanced hospitals worldwide, showcasing the
center's commitment to excellence. Accredited and affiliated with esteemed international
organizations, St. Luke's is a beacon of quality healthcare.
It spans a 154,000 square meters on a 1.4-hectare lot at the crossroads of 32nd Street
and 5th Avenue in Bonifacio Global City, the hospital complex features two integrated
medium-rise buildings and a 6-storey Energy Center.
The hospital includes a comprehensive capacity of 650 beds, including critical care,
suites, private and semi-private rooms, as well as ward and pediatric beds, St. Luke's
addresses diverse medical needs. Hosting 450 private clinics with over 1,700 affiliated
medical consultants for out-patient care, the institution comprises 9 institutes, 13
departments, and 19 specialty centers, embodying a multifaceted healthcare approach.
Pioneering in the Philippines, St. Luke's achieved accreditation from the Joint
Commission International in 2003, marking a historic milestone. The hospital has further
expanded its reach with a newly constructed building in Fort Bonifacio Global City,
facilitating additional private clinics and patient rooms. Offering a broad spectrum of medical
specialties, from cardiovascular medicine to neurology and neurosurgery, St. Luke's serves a
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diverse clientele, extending its healthcare services globally to patients from the United States,
Europe, the Middle East, Micronesia, and Asia.
2.1.3 Synthesis of Reviewed Literature
The proponents used the related literature from foreign and local literatures as the
basis of different ideas that will be applied on their project proposal. This research focuses on
creating a culturally integrated, architecturally dynamic and innovative development entitled:
A Proposed Batangas City Medical Center.
This present study adapts some ideas from the relevant foreign researches like in the
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi. The development integrates local patterns observed in the
surroundings into the structures' motifs and designs. Unlike typical healthcare facilities, it
features a unique architectural layout strategically arranged to establish a seamless
connection between spaces. Additionally, the incorporation of water features serves as
grounding elements, contributing to the serene atmosphere of the development. This bears
relevance to the current study, providing potential inspiration for its sustainable and
vernacular approach.
Rugerero Health Center demonstrates significant dedication to optimizing its spaces
on a limited budget. Despite financial constraints, the project successfully addresses the
facility's spatial requirements, highlighting that aesthetic and functional low-cost architecture
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is indeed achievable. This serves as a noteworthy architectural approach worthy of
consideration.
The KANEKA Wellness Center employs a range of environmental technologies,
constructing buildings within green surroundings and preserving locally suitable trees.
Featuring an expansive polyhedral roof, this functional architectural element utilizes external
insulation and a dual ventilation approach, resulting in a zero-maintained energy balance.
This aligns with the current study's quest for innovative architectural strategies that can
contribute to the growth of tourism.
The Los Cobos Medical Center adopts a design philosophy that meticulously
considers its exterior aesthetics, aiming to present a visually appealing facade that diverges
from the typical hospital ambiance. Simultaneously, the interior spaces are optimized to
enhance the quality of life for both patients and staff. With its efficient medical environment
and elevated standards, the center effectively contributes to market growth—a strategy that
holds relevance for the current project. Through a streamlined solution emphasizing
increased access to natural light and connection with the surroundings, the medical center
also achieves minimal energy consumption.
The Columbia Asia Medical Centre presents a deliberate technological aesthetic,
symbolizing the advanced healing technology within its walls. Despite its straightforward
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structural components, the center attains elegance through meticulous detailing in its design
language, a departure from the traditional design norms in the region. Implementing these
elements from the prior study would contribute to infusing a technological ambiance into the
project, benefiting the local workforce while advancing architectural technology.
As for the combined local literature reviewed, the researchers can synthesize a
practical approach for the hospital's design encompassing its spatial layout, external
appearance, and internal atmospheres. This process facilitates a clear differentiation in terms
of which architectural form can maximize space utilization within the structural plan and
prove to be more efficient. These studies delineate the most suitable development for a
hospital with a focus on hospitality. This knowledge can be directly applied to the ongoing
study conducted by the proponents of the Proposed Medical Tourism Center in Batangas
City.
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2.2 Related Studies
2.2.1 Foreign Studies
Vernacular Architecture as a Sustainable Approach
The study emphasizes the continued vitality of vernacular heritage, asserting its active
role in contemporary society and architecture. Vernacular buildings have adapted over time
to address environmental, socioeconomic, and sociocultural needs, all while minimizing their
environmental footprint.
Initially rooted in ecologically friendly approaches, the concept of sustainability has
evolved into more advanced and costly solutions. The practical implications of embracing a
vernacular architecture approach involve designing buildings that seamlessly blend with their
surroundings and have a minimal environmental impact.
The preservation and revitalization of vernacular heritage not only contribute to
safeguarding cultural identity but also support local craftsmanship and traditional building
techniques. Integrating principles of vernacular architecture into contemporary design can
result in more sustainable and contextually fitting buildings, aligning with the overarching
objective of fostering a more sustainable society.
Incorporating passive design strategies, such as optimizing orientation, shading, and
natural ventilation, helps reduce energy consumption and dependence on mechanical
systems. The use of locally available materials and traditional construction techniques
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minimizes the carbon footprint associated with transportation and supports local economies.
Designing buildings with adaptable spaces caters to changing needs, reducing the necessity
for demolition and reconstruction.
Rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling systems are implemented to conserve
water. Integration of renewable energy sources like solar panels and wind turbines generates
clean energy on-site. Emphasis on sustainable and low-impact materials, such as recycled or
reclaimed materials, minimizes resource depletion and waste generation.
Community engagement ensures that buildings align with the specific needs and
aspirations of the local community. These sustainable building practices, developed and
refined over time, contribute to creating environmentally responsible and socially conscious
built environments.
Link Between New Technologies and Traditional Architecture
In the new millennium, architecture is recognized as the most communal art,
possessing the capability to foster development and civilization by creating spatial and
situational unity along with temporal continuity.
Globalization has led to social, economic, and cultural changes worldwide, with cities
being the most impacted. Modern technologies, such as information technology,
telecommunications, and transportation systems, have played a significant role in enhancing
the importance of cities in the world.
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The study examines the application of contemporary composition technologies and
innovative building materials in architecture. Additionally, it explores the synthesizing of
modern technologies with traditional and ancient structures, aiming to uphold cultural values
and principles inherent in local and traditional architecture.
Blending modern and traditional architecture entails incorporating contemporary
technologies, materials, and design principles into traditional structures, all while
safeguarding the cultural values and principles of local and traditional architecture. This can
be achieved through the use of modern composition technologies and new building materials
in the construction and renovation of traditional buildings.
Examples of integration include the incorporation of energy-efficient systems, such as
solar panels, into traditional rooftops, or the use of lightweight and durable materials in the
restoration of old facades.
Cross Cultural Integration
In contemporary architectural practice, the incorporation of cross-cultural integration
stands as a pivotal element. This entails a deep comprehension and integration of diverse
cultural contexts, fostering intercultural relationships, and cultivating intercultural capital.
The influence of globalization on architecture underscores the necessity for nuanced
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responses to intricate local environments. Architectural education systems are increasingly
emphasizing cross-cultural education.
Designing interfaces that bridge diverse cultures necessitates a conceptual framework
that carefully considers the spaces where reality and actuality interact, the shared
experiences, and the establishment of coherence within interactions. By embracing
cross-cultural integration, architects can forge spatial and social harmony, enhance
architectural identity, and contribute to sustainable development.
Moreover, this approach equips students with indispensable skills for navigating a
globally connected world. Ultimately, cross-cultural integration in architecture empowers
architects to sensitively respond to varied contexts and effect humanistic interventions in the
built environment.
Medical Tourism Facilities in Kolkata
The paper underscores the significance of trust and security in providing high-quality
medical services to medical tourists and explores how destinations are actively enhancing
these aspects. It highlights the continual need for modifying and upgrading medical facilities,
improving the quality of medical staff, incorporating advanced medical technology, and
enhancing concierge services to attain a global standard in healthcare delivery.
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The transformation of clinical spaces into international medical hotel spaces is
discussed, portraying hospitals as luxurious centers of clinical excellence catering to the full
spectrum of medical tourism demands.
The role of the internet as a pivotal tool connecting potential consumers to medical
service providers is acknowledged. The paper specifically concentrates on the resource
development in Kolkata to meet the increasing demand from migrating patients, emphasizing
the city's participation in the global medical tourism industry.
Proposed Medical Tourism Hospital in Blacktown, Australia
Figure 12.0 A Conceptual Image of Blacktown Brain and Spinal Institute

https://www.smh.com.au/national/blacktown-brain-and-spinal-institute-20230823-p5dytf.htm
l
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Blacktown City Council is strategizing to sell its administration center, clearing the
path for an $800 million private brain and spinal medical center led by renowned
neurosurgeon Charlie Teo.
The proposed Blacktown Brain and Spine Institute (BBSI) is slated to occupy the site
of the council's Administration Centre on Flushcombe Road, encompassing the former
Western Sydney Regional Organization of Councils building, the adjoining car park, and the
existing structure housing the Leo Kelly Blacktown Arts Centre.
The council contends that the sale of this site would generate funds for the temporary
relocation of certain administrative staff, facilitating their eventual move to newly
constructed administration offices in the CBD. Additionally, it would contribute to the
redevelopment of the Leo Kelly Blacktown Arts Centre.
The BBSI is positioned as a global leader in medical research, practice, treatment, and
recovery, anticipating an influx of "medical tourists" from South-East Asia, China, and
beyond.
The envisioned Blacktown Brain and Spine Institute (BBSI) is designed to encompass
a medical research institute in collaboration with a university partner, a private hospital, a
medi-hotel, retail spaces, and residential apartments. Dr. Charlie Teo, in unveiling the
institute's plan in December 2019, expressed his vision for a health center that departs from
the traditional hospital atmosphere, aiming for an environment that feels pleasant and akin to
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a vacation. It will also provide facilities to support international medi-tourism which in turn
has the potential to generate income from overseas, assisting the NSW economy.
2.2.2 Local Studies
CAZA Hybrid Hospital and Trauma Center
Figure 13.0 CAZA Hybrid Hospital and Trauma Center prototype Aerial view
https://www.archdaily.com/799145/caza-announces-first-combined-hospital-and-trauma-cent
er-for-philippines
CAZA (Carlos Arnaiz Architects), a design studio, workshop, and think tank based in
Brooklyn, has unveiled its proposal for Ospital Pacifica de Juan and Juana Angara, a
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prototype hybrid hospital and trauma center situated in rural Baler, Philippines. As the
inaugural combined General Hospital and Trauma Care Center in the country, this project
aims to significantly enhance medical assistance in the remote region.
The building spans an area of 6120 m2, accommodating a daily patient capacity of 75
individuals. CAZA approached the design concept by dividing the hospital and trauma center
into three sections, emphasizing versatile modularity and organizational development. This
approach allows for diverse configurations of patient and consultation rooms. The spatial
architecture, featuring personalized exterior presence and adaptable outdoor venues, can be
applied to different contexts, adjusting to unique local circumstances.
The facility is constructed within a nine-by-nine-meter framework to accommodate
various patient and consultation room arrangements. Additionally, the primary
interconnected spine traverses the hospital, facilitating the distribution of personnel, medical
equipment, and the establishment of a standardized care delivery system.
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Saint Luke’s Medical Center Philippine Islands Hospital in Quezon City, Philippines
Figure 14.0 Saint Luke’s Medical Center
https://www.hksinc.com/what-we-do/case-studies/saint-lukes-medical-center/
The case study focuses on the envisioned development of St. Luke's as an
internationally recognized academic medical school. The design emphasizes a state-of-the-art
Academic Medical Center, complemented by mixed-use buildings, to provide world-class
healthcare around the clock.
Designed for both the public and the hospital itself, Saint Luke's Medical Center
revolves around a central green park as its core feature. This design strengthens the bond
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with the community, inviting the neighborhood onto the campus and contributing a vital
green space to the surroundings. This setup encourages dialogue and collaboration. With its
innovative plazas that are integrated between diverse building types to further promote
interaction and collaboration.
The Academic Medical Center seamlessly integrates the three vital components –
Hospital, Research, and Classrooms – harmoniously connected through the central green
park. Thoughtfully designed informal meeting spots for medical staff and researchers aim to
nurture translational, bench-to-bed research.
The new hospital, situated in a greenfield site, includes 600 inpatient beds and a
comprehensive range of clinical services for both inpatient and outpatient care.The facility is
designed to accommodate research laboratories and classrooms, aligning with its academic
mission.
Moreover, it holds the distinction of being the first in the country and the second in
Asia to receive accreditation from the Joint Commission International (JCI), the global
extension of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
An Ergonomic Assessment of a Philippine Hospital Patient Room
As healthcare expenditures continue to increase, it becomes imperative to guarantee
that patients receive optimal value for their financial investment. Well-designed patient
rooms clearly show evidence that meticulously planned patient rooms can mitigate the risk of
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infections, enhance the effectiveness of healthcare professionals, offer sufficient space for
family engagement in the recovery process, and elevate patient safety.
Additionally, such well-designed rooms contribute to heightened patient satisfaction
and instill a sense of security throughout the entire hospitalization period. The study
underscores the affirmative influence of a therapeutic design and environment on overall
patient outcomes.
An ergonomic assessment was carried out in the study to analyze and evaluate the
design of a hospital patient room in the Philippines. The primary aim was to suggest a patient
room layout that adheres to established ergonomic criteria concerning space, safety, comfort,
and satisfaction. The assessment encompassed an examination of the room's arrangement,
anthropometric considerations, postural and workstation analysis, and an assessment of the
physical environment.
The findings indicated that the existing patient room design fell short of meeting
ergonomic standards, thereby jeopardizing the well-being, satisfaction, and safety of both
patients and nurses. The study identified constraints, such as spatial limitations and
constraints imposed by the engineering department.
Customization in Medical Tourism in the Philippines
Medical tourism is an expanding industry where individuals travel internationally to
access healthcare services. During this vulnerable period of illness and discomfort, medical
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tourists encounter an unfamiliar context, highlighting the necessity for nonclinical support to
address emotional challenges in the practice of medical tourism.
Customization plays a crucial role in catering to the specific needs of medical tourists,
as their requirements differ from those of traditional tourists or patients. The field of medical
tourism marketing is still in its early stages, and customization can enhance marketing
activities in the medical tourism sector.
Operating in an emerging market environment demands specialized managerial skills
to address both clinical and nonclinical needs of incoming foreigners through the
customization of healthcare services. It also involves understanding and navigating
institutional constraints.
This research aims to investigate how service providers market healthcare in an
emerging market context, contributing to filling a significant theoretical gap in medical
tourism research. This tackles the complexities associated with operating in emerging market
environments, encompassing challenges related to infrastructure, culture, institutions, and
politics. It underscores the requirement for specialized managerial skills for businesses—both
foreign and local—engaged in providing healthcare products and services.
The Challenges of Tourism in the Philippines
This study delves into the national government's tourism policies, encompassing the
promotion of medical tourism and ecotourism.The Philippines boasts substantial tourism
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potential owing to its diverse landscapes, opportunities for undersea diving, and rich cultural
heritage. However, it grapples with challenges related to organizational and infrastructural
deficiencies, particularly in transportation. Additionally, the inadequate maintenance of
tourism assets and issues like overcrowding on popular spots, such as Boracay Island, pose
significant concerns.
To spur growth in the Philippine tourism industry, there is an opportunity to further
explore the development of ecotourism and medical tourism. This necessitates collaborative
efforts among the government, private sector, and local communities.
2.2.3 Synthesis of Reviewed Studies
The above collection of studies provides information to the proponents that their
study has similarities with other studies that are selected based on their relevance to
cost-effective materials, energy efficiency, green spaces and integration of cross-cultural
design within a development.
The study on Vernacular as a sustainable approach highlights the enduring relevance
of vernacular heritage in contemporary society and architecture. Vernacular buildings,
adapting to environmental and sociocultural needs, minimize their footprint. Passive design
strategies, local materials, and adaptable spaces reduce energy consumption, support local
economies, and enhance sustainability. Through designing a hospital that integrates
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sustainability and concept makes the architecture more functional and serves its best not only
for the users but also to the health and tourism sector.
Integration of modern and traditional architecture involves merging contemporary
technologies and design principles with traditional structures, preserving local cultural
values. This fusion is achieved through modern composition technologies and innovative
building materials in constructing and renovating traditional buildings. Examples include
integrating energy-efficient systems like solar panels on traditional rooftops and using
lightweight, durable materials for restoring old facades.
In modern architecture, integrating diverse cultures is crucial for fostering
intercultural relationships, responding to global influences on local environments, and
enhancing architectural identity. Architectural education now prioritizes cross-cultural
understanding. Designing interfaces that bridge cultures requires a conceptual framework
considering the interplay of reality, shared experiences, and coherence in interactions.
Embracing cross-cultural integration enables architects to establish spatial and social
harmony, contributing to sustainable development. This would give a new found sense of
culture.
The discussion on Medical Tourism Facilities in Kolkata revolves around the
conversion of clinical spaces into international medical hotel environments. This portrays
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hospitals as opulent hubs of clinical excellence, meeting a comprehensive range of demands
from medical tourists. This gives people whether passing by or working an opportunity to
view and experience this ambience.
The examination of the Blacktown Brain and Spine Institute adopts a design concept
that goes beyond the traditional hospital ambiance, envisioning a health center with a
pleasant and vacation-like atmosphere. The facility will include amenities to support
international medical tourism, presenting an opportunity to generate income from overseas
and contribute to the economy of NSW.
CAZA Hybrid Hospital and Trauma Center, located amidst mountains and tropical
vegetation, serves the expanding local population and numerous city visitors, including
surfers attracted to Baler Bay's powerful waves. A notable feature of this design is the central
circulation path, enhancing the organization of the interior space and facilitating the efficient
delivery of services and supplies to the trauma center and hospital area. It provides patients
with a healing connection to nature, as the lush outdoor landscape of Baler infiltrates the
facility through a sequence of rippling canopies, forming an architectural figure in an
expansive green field.
Saint Luke's envisions becoming a globally renowned academic medical school,
emphasizing a state-of-the-art Academic Medical Center with mixed-use structures for
continuous, high-quality healthcare. Anchored by a central green park, the design fosters
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community connections and collaboration through integrated plazas. The Academic Medical
Center seamlessly integrates hospital, research, and classroom components to encourage
informal interactions for translational research.
Academic medical schools are frequently linked to top-tier healthcare services,
cutting-edge medical technology, and proficient healthcare professionals. This renown has
the potential to draw in international patients seeking specialized medical treatments,
resulting in a rise in medical tourism.
Also its academic setting promotes cultural exchange and diversity. The inclusion of
international students, faculty, and researchers introduces a multicultural perspective,
fostering a vibrant and appealing learning environment. This diversity is attractive to
individuals seeking educational experiences in a culturally rich setting.
Rising healthcare costs underscore the need for value in patient care. Well-designed
patient rooms, as supported by evidence, reduce infection risk, enhance healthcare worker
efficiency, provide family space, and improve patient safety and satisfaction. The study
emphasizes the positive impact of therapeutic design on overall patient outcomes. In a
Philippine hospital, an ergonomic assessment revealed shortcomings in the existing patient
room design, endangering patient and nurse well-being.
Recommendations were made to address spatial limitations and enhance the overall
design, highlighting the importance of integrating ergonomics for patient safety and
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healthcare worker welfare. It recommends that the proponents of the current study closely
examine proposed recommendations incorporating the standards used for occupational
ergonomics in a health care environment which will be applied to the proposed project.
The present study also aims to address a notable gap in medical tourism by
investigating how service providers market healthcare in emerging markets. It delves into the
complexities of operating in these environments, considering challenges related to
infrastructure, culture, institutions, and politics. Emphasizing the need for specialized
managerial skills, the study recognizes the demands placed on both foreign and local
businesses providing healthcare services. Additionally, to boost growth in the Philippine
tourism industry, there is an opportunity to explore the development of ecotourism and
medical tourism through collaborative efforts among the government, private sector, and
local communities.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
This study used the descriptive method in research as it aimed to gather, analyze and
classify data and information essential for a comprehensive understanding of how the
researcher acquired the information and fulfilled the requirements for the design project titled
"A Proposed Batangas City Medical Tourism Center."
3.1.1. Research Paradigm
Figure 15.0 Research Paradigm
The gathered information and data necessary for this study came from online
materials, existing statistics, and government and public reviews.
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Internet Network Research
Through the use of the internet, the proponent was able to gather information, data,
facts and other related literature intended for the project proposal.
Government Sector
Gathering substantial data from the City Development and Planning office provides
the proponent feasible strategies that can be applied in the whole process of the study.
Listed in the table below are the data sources retrieved by the proponent:
RESEARCH
METHOD DATA AND INFORMATION
RESOURCES
General information about the project,
Government Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP),
City Planning and
Offices and Comprehensive Development
Development Office
Agencies Plan(CDP), Socio-Economic Profile,
Zoning Ordinance,Maps and Profiles
Other Sources and Internet, Books Related information and news about the
Related Information and Magazine site, laws and provisions in environment
Table 1.0 Data Sources
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Analysis and Synthesis
The proponents used various appropriate methods for the study. The acquired data are
essential for proper analysis and feasibility of the study. The gathered plans and principles
are all from comprehensive sets of data. Conducting this study will be beneficial to the future
researchers for study with a similar nature. World records and archives can be found on the
internet along with updated news for related studies. With the aid of this resource,
researchers can easily gather data related to the study.
Taking into account government restrictions is crucial when planning a viable and
constructible project. Standards are established in accordance with specific constitutional
laws for the welfare of the constituents. A more in-depth understanding of these laws can be
attained by referencing documents from government offices and agencies.
Evidence is crucial for problem-solving as well as proper analysis of this evidence
allows for the identification of appropriate planning and design for the proposed project. The
primary goal of gathering these facts is to address specific problems and requirements within
a specific industry.
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3.2 Data Analysis and Presentation
This section provides the analysis and interpretation of the data, aiming to establish a
practical and viable proposal for the Medical Tourism Center.
3.2.1 Site Selection
Selecting the location for a medical facility is a strategic decision. The chosen
location should be sustainable and capable of preventing future issues. Opting for the wrong
location can result in substantial customer dissatisfaction and increased costs.
The location of the site for the proposed medical tourism center is situated in the City
of Batangas, a coastal component city in the province of Batangas. It serves as the provincial
capital. It comprises a total land area of 28,541.44 hectares (285.41 square kilometers). The
town is subdivided into 105 barangays, with 48 classified as urban and the remaining 57 as
rural.
3.2.1.1 Site Criteria
The chosen lots for consideration as the project site are located within the City of
Batangas. The site selection process is conducted through evaluating potential lots that
satisfies the general and specific criteria for the ideal project site which will aid the
researcher in choosing the most suitable site for the project; the site evaluation includes the
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selection of elements such as natural, environmental, and physical factors; legal, institutional,
administrative, and aesthetic factors; socio-economic & cultural factors. The criteria of rating
and evaluation for site selection are given below.
General Criteria:
1. Natural, Environmental, and Physical Factors
a. Land Area
b. Accessibility
c. Soil Characteristics & Condition
d. Accessibility of Utility and Service Needs
e. Vulnerabilities to Natural Hazards
f. Site Drainage
g. Topography
h. Climate
i. Orientation
j. Existing Vegetation
k. Future Expansion
2. Legal, Institutional, Administrative, and Aesthetic Factors
a. Proper Land Use & Zoning
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b. Compatibility with Adjacent Land Use
3. Socio-economic & Cultural Factors
a. Site potential
b. Accessibility to major roads
c. Must be within urban area
d. Accessibility to important existing facilities
e. Pedestrian access and circulation
Specific Criteria:
1. The site should be accessible to the public.
2. The site should be accessible along major and minor lines of circulation.
3. The site must have an effective water line, power supply, communication, and other
essential utilities.
4. The location should be in close proximity to scenic areas, whether they are related to
adventure, nature, agrotourism, amusement, cultural, or art tourism spots and
attractions.
5. The site dimension, considering the capacity for the future expansion.
6. The site’s relationship to surrounding and proposed future land use.
7. Vehicular traffic patterns (both public and private services)
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8. Parking
9. Pedestrian Circulation patterns
10. Sustainable considerations
Figure 16.0 Location Map of Site A
Gov. Antonio Carpio Rd., Sampaga, Lungsod ng Batangas
Source: Google Earth
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Figure 17.0 Location Map of Site B
San Jose-Ibaan Rd., Brgy. Balagtas, Lungsod ng Batangas
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Figure 18.0 Location Map of Site C
NHS Compound, Rizal Ave, Poblacion, Lungsod ng Batangas
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3.2.1.2 System of Evaluation and Ratings
Criteria of rating and evaluation for Site Selection Elements
5- The site meets 100% of the requirements for adequateness.
4- The site meets more than 50% of the qualifying criteria.
3- The site fulfills almost 50% of the criteria’s required adequateness.
2- The site meets some of the qualifying requirements.
1- The site did not meet the requirement for the criteria.
Sites
Site A Site B Site C
Gov. Antonio
Site Criteria San Jose-Ibaan Rd., NHS Compound,
Carpio Rd.,
Brgy. Balagtas, Rizal Ave, Poblacion,
Sampaga,
Lungsod ng Batangas Lungsod ng Batangas
Lungsod ng Batangas
Criteria Ranking Criteria Ranking Criteria Ranking
Natural, Environmental, and Physical Factors
Land Area 3 5 4
Accessibility 4 5 4
Soil Characteristics
4 4 4
& Condition
Accessibility of
Utility and 4 5 4
Service Needs
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Vulnerabilities to
4 4 4
Natural Hazards
Site Drainage 5 4 5
Topography 4 5 4
Climate 4 4 4
Orientation 3 4 3
Existing Vegetation 4 4 4
Future Expansion 5 5 4
Sub Total 44 49 44
Legal, Institutional, Administrative, and Aesthetic Factors
Proper Land Use
4 4 4
& Zoning
Compatibility with
5 5 3
Adjacent Land Use
Sub Total 9 9 7
Socio-economic & Cultural Factors
Site Potential 4 5 3
Accessibility to
3 5 4
major roads
Must be within urban
3 5 3
area
Accessibility to
important existing 3 4 2
facilities
Pedestrian access and
3 5 3
circulation
Sub Total 16 24 15
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Natural,
Environmental, 44 47 44
and Physical Factors
Legal, Institutional,
Administrative, 9 9 7
and Aesthetic Factors
Socio-economic
16 24 15
& Cultural Factors
Grand Total 69 80 66
Table 2.0 System of Evaluation and Ratings
3.2.1.3 Site Justification
The sites have undergone classification and analysis using an evaluation and rating
process based on the required criteria. This process will assist the researcher in designing and
planning for the proposed project.
Based on the result of the ratings, Site B at San Jose-Ibaan Rd.,Brgy. Balagtas,
Lungsod ng Batangas received the highest rating of 80. Therefore, it makes it the most
applicable and feasible for the proposed project; it satisfies the necessary consideration and
requirements of the project. Restriction on the site will be studied in the designing and
planning process of the project proposal.
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3.2.2 Site Data
3.2.2.1 Micro Site
Figure 19.0 Site Map and Analysis of Proposed Project
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The project site is situated in Barangay Balagtas, Batangas City. It has a total area of
13.48 hectares, and the site has an irregular shape, mostly flat with a slight slope on the
southwest and it is bordered by Eternal Garden and Barangay hall of Balagtas, Batangas City.
The main access road to the site is located in its northern part of the lot through San
Jose – Ibaan road; it can be accessed through buses, jeepneys (PUJs) supported by tricycles
but are mostly irregular trips but can also be accessed through private vehicles. The site can
also be accessed by a narrow road near the roundabout Balagtas alongside the startoll tollway
(toll road). In addition, road widening and paving the dirt road are needed to ensure the safety
of the tourists.
Moreover, the site is located in a Mixed Use Zoning district and is the most suitable
site as the location for the proposed project. These zoning districts offer several advantages
for such facilities, including proximity to amenities, access to transportation, a walkable
environment, and the potential to boost economic development.
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3.2.2.2 Macro Site
Figure 20.0 Map of Batangas City

Source: https://www.batangascity.gov.ph/web/about-the-city/city-profile/batangas-city-map
Philippine prosperity and legacy are exemplified by Batangas City, a bustling city that
occupies the southern tip of Luzon Island. It has long served as a gateway to the southern
areas of the country and abroad due to its advantageous location, sitting on a coastal plain
fronting the Batangas Bay. Batangas City has developed over the ages into a dynamic
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industrial and commercial center that draws companies and entrepreneurs from all over the
archipelago.
Despite the challenges caused by urbanization, Batangas City remains committed to
conserving its cultural legacy and embracing innovation, which puts it in a strong position to
deal with these difficulties and become a role model for sustainable urban development in the
Philippines. As Batangas City evolves, it aims to achieve a balance between its industrial
strength and its rich cultural tapestry, ensuring an economically sustainable and long-lasting
future.
City of Batangas
Figure 21.0 Location Map of Batangas City
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batangas_City
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Batangas City, formally known as the City of Batangas, is the capital and first-class
component city of the Philippine province of Batangas. The 2020 census indicates that there
are 351,437 people living there.
Batangas City is renowned as the "Industrial Port City of Calabarzon" and is one of
the Philippines' fastest urbanizing cities. One of the busiest passenger and container terminals
in the Philippines, the Batangas International Port, is located there. Along with three natural
gas power plants, one of the biggest oil refineries in the nation, and numerous other
significant industries are located there. The city also functions as the province's industrial,
transportation, and educational hub.
One of the Philippines' projected metropolitan areas is Batangas City. The component
city of Batangas and the towns of Alitagtag, Bauan, Ibaan, Lobo, Mabini, Rosario, San Juan,
San Luis, San Pascual, Santa Teresita, Taal, Taysan, and Tingloy are to be included in the
proposed Metro Batangas.
Brief History of Batangas City
Spanish missionaries first arrived in Batangas City in 1572, marking the beginning of
Spanish influence in the province. However, it took several years before the first permanent
colony was founded. The Calumpang River, which provided abundant natural resources,
especially large logs known as "batang" by the local people, was strategically placed close to
the settlement. The settlement became known as "Batangan" due to the quantity of "batang"
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logs.The building of Batangas' first Roman Catholic church in 1581 cemented the city's
standing as a major religious and cultural hub. In 1601, Don Agustin Kasilao was named the
first Gobernadorcillo, or Chief executive, and the settlement's name was formally changed to
Batangas.
In 1754, because of the advantageous position and its increased importance,
Batangas City was named provincial capital and regional center in Batangas Province. The
position strengthened Batangas City's status as a commercial, political and cultural center.
Even though Batangas City has become very famous, it hadn't been a city until 1969. The
approval of Republic Act No 5495, which designated Batangas City as an autonomous body
for politics and administration, enabled this to be achieved.
In 2015, Republic Act No. 10673 declared Batangas City as the 5th Congressional
District of Batangas Province. This designation gives Batangas City immediate
representation in the Philippine House of Representatives, emphasizing the city's importance
as a regional population and economic hub.
Batangas City is now a symbol of the enduring spirit of its people and their constant
commitment to progress. It is a dynamic and exciting destination, poised to continue its
growth and development journey in the years ahead, due to its rich history, diverse economy
as well as lively culture.
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THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Terrestrial Characteristics
1. Geography, Location and Area
The Calumpang River splits Batangas City into two geographical masses: the
northern section, which is made up of 49 barangays totaling approximately 5,051.84 hectares,
or 17.7% of the land area; and the southern portion, which is made up of 56 barangays
totaling 23,366.88 hectares, or 81.87% of the land area. Of these, 24 barangays are located in
the Poblacion. Three (3) bridges connect the northern and southern regions: the Calumpang
Bridge, the Bridge of Promise, and the recently constructed EBD Bridge of Progress, a
modular box girder bridge.
The entire land area of Batangas City is 28,541.44 hectares (285.41 square
kilometers). The city consists of 105 barangays, 48 of which are categorized as urban and the
remaining 57 as rural.
2. Topography, Elevation and Slope
The northern part of Batangas City, with a slope ranging from 0% to 8%, is mostly
flat. The majority of the city's neighborhoods and business districts are located in this area. In
contrast, there are slopes of over 50 % on the western boundary which covers parts of
barangays Sorosoro Ibaba and Tinga Itaas. Agriculture is a frequent use of these areas.
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3. Geology
The City of Batangas is a coastal city lying in a cove-like shape at the south-eastern
portion of Batangas Province and geographically situated at coordinates 13°45’25.96”N
latitude and 121° 3' 29.2 ''E longitude. It is bounded on the northwest by the municipality of
San Pascual; on the north by the municipality of San Jose; on the east by the municipalities
of Ibaan, Taysan and Lobo; and on the south by the Batangas Bay.
A total area of over or below 28,541,44 hectares is located in Batangas City, the
capital city of Batangas Province. It is about 112.00 kilometers away from Manila and has a
travel time of approximately two (2) hours through the Southern Tagalog Arterial Road
(STAR).
4. Land Classification
Batangas City is classified in terms of land and soil types according to its
geographical situation and the use patterns thereof. Some of the types of soil which have
been found in this area are Taal Sandy Loam, Hydrosoil, Calumpang Clay Loam, Ibal Clay
Loam and Ibaan Clay Loam; each having its own characteristics. As an illustration, hydrosoil
has very poor drainage and is commonly used for fishing ponds whereas in Taal Sandy Loam
the water may be properly drained and ideal for cultivation.
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The city's land uses include agricultural, residential, commercial, industrial,
institutional, and special purposes. The particular rules for classifying land and soil apply to
all purposes. Housing sites require soils that are well-drained and stable, while agricultural
fields need soil that is ideal for the cultivation of crops with good drainage and a high degree
of stability. Understanding the land and soil classification of Batangas City is crucial for its
growth. With this information, city officials can plan land use, construct infrastructure, and
safeguard the environment. Furthermore, this data empowers the community to decide for
themselves what is the optimum use for various land and soil types.
Water Resources Characteristics
1. Surface Waters
Two (2) water distributors serve different areas of Batangas with water needs.
Specifically, Prime Water Batangas City with Joint Venture and the Batangas City Water
District implemented agreements and various barangay waterworks associations by Batangas
City Council. Groundwater is the only source of water for BCWD/Prime Water, while the
city government makes use of spring and groundwater resources.
In Batangas City, there are a number of privately run spring developments with the
ample amount of discharge to meet the local residents’ needs for their water supply
requirements. These are located in the barangay of Talumpok Silangan and Talumpok
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Kanluran, Cumba, Sto. Domingo, Talahib Pandayan, Talahib Payapa, Ilijan, Malibayo,
Haligue Kanluran, Haligue Silangan, Maruclap, and Conde Itaas.
2. Ground Water
Approximately 80% of Batangas City’s water needs come from the subterranean
supply, making groundwater an essential resource. Rainwater infiltration replenishes the
deep aquifer systems that store the city’s groundwater reserves.
Despite the overall quality in Batangas City’s groundwater being satisfactory, some
areas have been identified as contaminated. Arsenic, nitrates, and chromium have the highest
levels of contamination in this city’s groundwater. The taal volcano eruption is suspected to
cause the arsenic contamination, while it is believed that agriculture waste water and sewage
disposals are responsible for an increase in nitrates. Contaminants with chromium are
estimated to have been caused by the disposal of industrial waste.
Atmospheric Characteristics
1. Climate and Rainfall
Batangas City, a captivating coastal gem in the Philippines, embraces a tropical
climate characterized by warm temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons. The city's
average temperature hovers around 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit), creating a
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pleasantly balmy atmosphere throughout the year. This balminess is further enhanced by the
city's location in the rain shadow of Mount Banahaw, a dormant volcano that shields
Batangas City from the brunt of heavy rainfall. As a result, the city experiences less
precipitation compared to other regions in Batangas province.
The city's climate is marked by two distinct seasons: the dry season and the wet
season. The dry season, spanning from November to April, brings with it a welcome respite
from the rain, allowing residents and visitors alike to bask in the sun-kissed days and enjoy
the refreshing sea breeze. During this period, the skies are typically clear, and humidity levels
drop, making it an ideal time to explore the city's outdoor attractions, such as its pristine
beaches and lush greenery.
In contrast, the wet season, stretching from May to October, ushers in a period of
increased rainfall. The southwest monsoon, a dominant weather pattern during these months,
brings with it abundant showers, transforming the landscape into a verdant haven. While the
wet season may bring occasional disruptions to outdoor activities, it also nourishes the
region's rich agricultural lands, contributing to the city's vibrant agricultural sector.
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Figure 22.0 Annual Wind Speed and Direction of Batangas City
Source:https://weatherspark.com/y/136698/Average-Weather-in-Batangas-Philippines-Year-R
ound
2. Temperature
Batangas City experiences year-round heat and humidity due to its tropical rainforest
climate. Batangas City experiences 27.5 degrees Celsius (81.5 degrees Fahrenheit) on
average. June through November is the wettest month, with 2,050 millimeters (80.7 inches)
of rain on average. December through May is the driest month, with 350 millimeters (13.8
inches) of rain on average.
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3. Relative Humidity
The weather in Batangas City is frequently hot and humid. As is typical of the
tropical rainforest, the average temperature in the city is between 23 and 32 degrees Celsius,
or 73 and 89 degrees Fahrenheit. With an average humidity of 80%, it is also extremely
humid. It might seem hotter than it actually is.
4. Wind Speed and Direction
Batangas City experiences northeastern (NE) winds most of the year. This shows that
the northeast is the wind direction that blows the most frequently. Although the wind speeds
in Batangas City vary throughout the year, they usually reach their maximum in November
and April. Wind speeds between 15 and 20 km/h are recorded during that time.
5. Geologic and other Natural Hazards
Batangas City is an economically developed, sparsely populated city in the province
of Batangas. The city is at risk for a number of geological hazards, including earthquakes,
typhoons, volcanoes and landslides owing to its location as well as topography.
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Earthquake
Batangas City lies in an area of the West Valley Fault, which is one of the most active
temblor generators in the Philippines. There is a fault line running through the city and it's
been responsible for big earthquakes in the past. The most recent significant quake, which
had a magnitude of 7.2, occurred in July 1968. The town and its infrastructure were badly
damaged by this earthquake.
Typhoons
Typhoons regularly hit the area where Batangas City is situated. The city is especially
prone to typhoons that originate in the Pacific. Typhoons can bring with them storm surges,
powerful winds, and a lot of rainfall. With winds reaching as fast as 235 kilometers per hour
in 2013, Typhoon Haiyan severely damaged Batangas City.
Volcanic Eruptions
Batangas City lies near the Volcano of Taal, one of the Philippines' largest volcanos.
In the past, there have been many eruptions of Taal Volcano, and its latest eruption took place
in January 2020. Ashfall and lahars, which are mudflows that may endanger life or property,
were generated by the eruption.
Landslide
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Batangas City lies in the mountains and is at risk of landslides due to its topography.
Landslides can happen in severe weather events such as typhoons or heavy rains that result in
significant damage to property and infrastructure.
3.2.3 Site Analysis
Figure 23.0 Sun Path and Wind Orientation Diagram
Technical Data
1. Size of lot
The lot measures 13.48 hectares.
3. Topography or Contour of lot
The lot is mostly flat, with a slight slope to the southwest.
4. Lot Configuration
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It is a large, irregular-shaped lot with a perimeter of 1,614.63 m and an area of
13.48 ha.
Nature of Bounding Lots
The lot is oriented northeast to southwest, with the longest side measuring
approximately 500 m. It is bordered by Eternal Garden Balagtas to the north, Balagtas Hall to
the east and, and a rural area to the south and west.
Direction Approach of the Street
The site is accessible through San Jose - Ibaan road which is located in the northern
part of the lot.
Existing Feature on the Site
Close to the site are the Eternal Gardens Balagtas, Balagtas Barangay Hall and a
grocery supermarket which is the Hypermarket. These existing features are just a few
minutes drive to the site.
Existing Utilities
Power lines, which are supplied by Batelec are visible to the site. There is also a
water hydrant available to the site, which indicates that the site has access to water. Sanitary
and storm drainage can also be found within the area. And there are telecommunication poles
that are visible to the site, which indicates that the site has access to telecommunication
services.
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3.2.3.1 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis
S W O T
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
LOCATION The lot is Located in an It can provide job There is a

located in urban area, opportunities to the chance of
central which may be residents near the flooding in
Batangas City less appealing area. the area
which makes to some tourists. during the
it accessible rainy
to different season.
amenities,
services and
public
transportation.
CLIMATE Tropical -High Humidity, There is a

climate with which can be possibility
warm weather uncomfortable to damage
throughout the for some the structure
year. people. during
-Hot and humid typhoons
on summer but and other
Rainy season storms.
from June to
October
ACCESS Easy access to The site is Potential to improve Traffic

public accessible access to the site. congestion
transportation through a dirt on nearby
and close road roads might
proximity to happen.
major roads.
CULTURE The site is not The site lacks The site has a Loss of
only located cultural potential to develop traditional
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to a rich and attractions in cultural attractions in cultural

vibrant culture the immediate the area. values due
in Batangas area. to
City but also modernizati
Friendly and on.
welcoming
community.
PUBLIC The site is Potential to develop Lack of

SPACES bordered by public spaces that funding for
significant meet the needs of the the
commercial community. development
developments. and
maintenance
of public
spaces.
CIRCULATION The site is Dirt road access Potential to improve

relatively flat, to the site can circulation on the
which makes cause accidents site by paving the
it easier to during the rainy dirt road and
walk and season. developing
drive. sidewalks and bike
paths.
Table 3.0 SWOT Analysis
3.2.3.2 Summary of site analysis
The proposed project’s site is accessible and located along the National Highway
Corner of San Jose - Ibaan Road in Barangay Balagtas, Batangas City. It has a total lot area
of 13.3 hectares which makes it more suitable for the proposed project. The site is mostly flat
with a slight slope located at the northwest of the lot. The site is also located in central
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Batangas City, which makes it accessible to different amenities, services, and public
transportation.
3.2.4 User’s Analysis
The user’s analysis comprises three sections that presents and introduces the users of
the Proposed Batangas Medical Tourism Center. These sections consist of the user’s
demography, behavioral patterns in relation to the project, and the organizational structure.
The target users of the proposed project are the tourists visiting the Philippines for
health and medical purposes.
3.2.4.1 User’s Demography
Table 4.0 Number of Tourists Arrival in the Philippines from 2019 to 2023
Source: Department of Tourism
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Table 5.0 Regional Distribution of Traveler around the Philippines (2017-2020)
Source: Department of Tourism
Table 6.0 CALABARZON Annual Report on Number of Foreign and Domestic
Tourists
Source: Department of Tourism Regional Office
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Table 7.0 Visitors Arrival with Health and Medical Reason (2018-2022)
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Table 8.0 Air Visitor Arrival to the Philippines with Health and Medical Reason
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3.2.4.2 Organizational Structure
Figure 24.0 DOH Organizational Structure
3.2.4.3 Behavioral Pattern Analysis
The proposed project recognizes the critical importance of conducting a focused
behavioral pattern analysis with regards to its target users. In terms of demographic profiling,
understanding the age, gender, nationality, and socioeconomic status of the intended users is
essential for developing healthcare services that resonate with their unique needs. For
instance, a demographic composed largely of international patients may necessitate
multilingual staff and culturally sensitive practices. Analyzing healthcare needs specific to
the target users is paramount; whether they seek specialized medical treatments or wellness
programs, this insight will shape the center's service portfolio to align closely with the health
priorities of the intended demographic.
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Travel behavior analysis for the target users is important for strategic facility location
planning. By discerning preferred travel distances and transportation modes, the Batangas
Medical Tourism Center can ensure convenient accessibility for its users, enhancing the
overall appeal of the facility. Technological inclinations are also key, especially considering
the digital age; understanding the target users' comfort levels with digital platforms for
services like appointment scheduling and telemedicine consultations will guide the
integration of technology to meet their expectations. Additionally, cultural considerations
such as language preferences and dietary needs will be explored to create an inclusive
environment, fostering a sense of comfort and cultural sensitivity.
98
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Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

A PROPOSED BATANGAS CITY MEDICAL TOURISM

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE 4TH YEAR - ARC 4102

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the 1st Semester in

ARCH 537- Research Methods for Architecture

Ar. Bernadine M. Ilagan

ARCH 537- Research Methods for Architecture

Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives, Building the Nation

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

1.1 The Problem and Its Background 1

1.2 Background of the Study 4

1.3 Statement of the Problem 6

1.3.1 Major Problems 6

1.3.2 Minor Problems 7

1.4 Significance of the Study 7

1.5 Objectives of the Study 8

1.5.1 Project Objectives 8

1.5.2 Design Objectives 10

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study 12

1.7 Theoretical Framework 13

1.8 Conceptual Framework 15

1.9 Definition of Terms 16

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

1.9.1 Contextual Definition 17

1.9.2 Operational Definition 18

1.9.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms 18

CHAPTER II - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Related Literature 20

2.1.1 Foreign Researches 20

2.1.2 Local Researches 31

2.1.3 Synthesis of Reviewed Literature 40

2.2 Related Studies 43

2.2.1 Foreign Studies 43

2.2.2 Local Studies 49

2.2.3 Synthesis of Reviewed Studies 55

CHAPTER III - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design 60

3.1.1. Research Paradigm 60

3.2 Data Analysis and Presentation 63

3.2.1 Site Selection 63

3.2.1.1 Site Criteria 63

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

3.2.1.2 System of Evaluation and Ratings 69

3.2.1.3 Site Justification 71

3.2.2 Site Data 72

3.2.2.1 Micro Site 72

3.2.2.2 Macro Site 74

3.2.3 Site Analysis 86

3.2.3.1 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities 88

and Threats (SWOT) Analysis

3.2.3.2 Summary of site analysis 89

3.2.4 User’s Analysis 90

3.2.4.2 Organizational Structure 97

3.2.4.3 Behavioral Pattern Analysis 97

College of Architecture Fine Arts and Design

No. Title Page

Table 1.0 Data Sources ` 61