5 Design Process March 2014 Slides

DESIGN PROCESS
1
What is the Design Process?
A step‐by‐step
step by step approach to go from a
problem to a working solution
A formulation of a plan or scheme to assist

an engineer
i i creating
in ti a product
d t
2
Why a Design Process?
• HVAC engineers and designers need to handle
many facts and figures, understand them and
then shape them into a simple solution that
can be easily understood and applied
• The designing of an HVAC system requires a
rigorous approach
3
Steps
• Research • Tendering
• Conceptualization • Construction
• Feasibility • Testing & Balancing
• Design requirements
• Operations &
• P li i
Preliminary d
design
i Maintenance
• Detailed design
• Occupancy
p y
• Construction
documents
4
Research
• Data collection (applies mostly to renovations):
– Existing drawings
– Specifications
– O&M manuals
– Commissioning plans
– BAS trends
– Engineering notes and calculations
5
Research
• Understanding the owner’s
owner s requirements:
– Sustainability objectives
– Operational information
– Maintenance procedures
– Expandability and growth
– Potential changes in occupancy
6
Research
• Understanding the owner:
– Risk management
– Financial
• How well funded is the client
• Return on investment expectations
– Relations with design professionals
– Communications
• Type (email, phone, live, text)
q y
• Frequency
7
Research ‐>> OPR
• At the end of the research phase
phase, you should
have a clear understanding of the owner’s
project requirements (OPR).
(OPR)
• The OPR is a crucial document in the
commissioning/design
/ process
– We will discuss the OPR during the commissioning
process course
8
Conceptualization
• The “spit‐balling”
spit balling sessions with colleagues
• The solutions begin to take form
– They
Th need
d tto b
be d
documented
t d
• Keep an open mind here: it’s too early to
reject ideas
– A seemingly bad idea might trigger a great idea
– Do not discourage the exchange of ideas by
judging
9
Feasibility
• Now you can judge
• What works? What wouldn’t work?
• List
i obstacles
b l
– Design
– Construction
• Cost considerations
– Early estimates against budgets
10
Design Requirements
• What do you need to get this done?
– Human resources (internal and external)
– Software
– Hardware
– Publications
P bli ti
– Training
• Document it all
11
Preliminary Design
• In HVAC
HVAC, preliminary designs can take many
forms…
– Some are very detailed
– Some are very general
• In the project management module, we will
cover in detail what should go into a
preliminary design
12
Preliminary Design (cont.)
(cont )
• In the commissioning process,

process we refer to the
pre‐design documents as the Owner Design
Intent (ODI) or the Basis of Design (BoD)
– We will cover this in details in the commissioning
module
• It’s important to get the owner to sign off on
the ODI
– You may have to spend some time educating the
owner; it’s
it s time well spent
13
Detailed Design
• Time to work out the bugs
• Tunnel through the design so that everything
works
• Be obsessive about details
• Compare the desired sequences of operations
with the equipment available on the market
• Make the suppliers work hard; ask tough
q
questions
14
Detailed Design (cont.)
(cont )
• At the end of the detailed design phase

phase, the
senior designer should be totally confident
that:
– The design will work (and meet the OPR)
– The design can be built
– The junior designers have all the information
needed to complete the construction documents
15
Construction Documents
• Drawings
– Complete
– Organized
– Detailed
• Specifications
S ifi ti
– Complete
– Specific to this project
• Drawings and specifications are coordinated
16
Construction Documents (cont.)
(cont )
• Special instructions to bidding contractors

should be minimal (and avoided); the specs
and drawings should be complete
17
Tendering
• The engineer may or may not be involved in
the actual tendering process; often now, a
construction manager or purchasing agent
leads the tendering process
• The engineer has to be prepared to answer
questions and issue addenda (if required)
18
Construction
• Once the contractor is selected
selected, spend time to
ensure that the drawings and specifications
are clearly understood; review each drawing
with the HVAC contractor… time well spent
• Attend construction design meetings
• Inspect site regularly and issue visit reports
promptly (take photos)
19
Construction (cont.)
(cont )
• Be rigorous in dealing with changes

– Contractors will ask questions and make
recommendations
– Follow proper procedures for change orders
20
TAB
• Testing Adjusting Balancing
• The specs and drawings should have defined
clearly the TAB effort
– Attend some of the TAB work
– Review
R i the h TAB report
– Spot check and have tests repeated if you doubt
• Be thorough
21
Operations & Maintenance
• As a designer
designer, you shouldn’t
shouldn t shy away from
staying involved with a building after it is
completed
• Be a coach/teacher to the O&M staff
» Great opportunities for additional fees
• Advice: As a consultant, include an option of

continuous technical support in your fee
proposal
22
Occupancy
• Maintain a relationship with the client during
occupancy
• Good or bad; have a post‐mortem session
with the client
• When necessary, coach and teach the
occupants as well (sometimes part of the
commissioning process’ training sessions)
23
Checklists
• Engineering consultants all have checklists
– They are not omission‐ and mistake‐catching tools
– They should be omission
omission‐ and mistake
mistake‐prevention
prevention
tools
• GOOD: Getting from a to b to c to d…d
• BAD: Welcome to Z, here’s what you missed!
• Good checklists trigger the right behavior at
the right time
24
Questions?
25

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DESIGN PROCESS

A formulation of a plan or scheme to assist

• In the commissioning process,

• At the end of the detailed design phase

• Special instructions to bidding contractors

• Be rigorous in dealing with changes

• Advice: As a consultant, include an option of

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