Irish Standard

I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017

Additive manufacturing - General principles -

Terminology (ISO/ASTM 52900:2015)
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 I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017

Incorporating amendments/corrigenda/National Annexes issued since publication:

The National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI) produces the following categories of formal documents:
I.S. xxx: Irish Standard — national specification based on the consensus of an expert panel and subject to public consultation.

S.R. xxx: Standard Recommendation — recommendation based on the consensus of an expert panel and subject to public consultation.
SWiFT xxx: A rapidly developed recommendatory document based on the consensus of the participants of an NSAI workshop.
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This document replaces/revises/consolidates the NSAI adoption of the document(s) indicated on the
CEN/CENELEC cover/Foreword and the following National document(s):

NOTE: The date of any NSAI previous adoption may not match the date of its original CEN/CENELEC
document.

This document is based on: Published:

EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017 2017-02-15

This document was published ICS number:

under the authority of the NSAI
and comes into effect on: 01.040.25
25.030
2017-03-06

NOTE: If blank see CEN/CENELEC cover page

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 National Foreword
I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017 is the adopted Irish version of the European Document EN ISO/ASTM
52900:2017, Additive manufacturing - General principles - Terminology (ISO/ASTM 52900:2015)

This document does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible
for its correct application.
Compliance with this document does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

In line with international standards practice the decimal point is shown as a comma (,) throughout this
document.
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 I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO/ASTM 52900

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2017

ICS 01.040.25; 25.030

English Version

Additive manufacturing - General principles - Terminology

(ISO/ASTM 52900:2015)
Fabrication additive - Principes généraux - Additive Fertigung - Grundlagen - Terminologie
Terminologie (ISO/ASTM 52900:2015) (ISO/ASTM 52900:2015)
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This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 January 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017
EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017 (E)

Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 3
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2
 I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017
EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017 (E)

European foreword

The text of ISO/ASTM 52900:2015 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261 “Additive
manufacturing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as
EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 438 “Additive Manufacturing” the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2017, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2017.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
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rights.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO/ASTM 52900:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017 without
any modification.

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 I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017

INTERNATIONAL ISO/ASTM
STANDARD 52900

First edition
2015-12-15

Additive manufacturing — General

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principles — Terminology
Fabrication additive — Principes généraux — Terminologie

Reference number
ISO/ASTM 52900:2015(E)

© ISO/ASTM International 2015

 I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017

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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO/ASME International 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
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ii  © ISO/ASTM International 2015 – All rights reserved

 I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017


Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.1 General terms............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
2.2 Process categories................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
2.3 Processing: General.............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.4 Processing: Data..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.5 Processing: Material............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.6 Applications................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
2.7 Properties.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
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Annex A (informative) Basic principles...........................................................................................................................................................12

Annex B (informative) Alphabetical index...................................................................................................................................................17
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

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 I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation with
ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership agreement
between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM standards on
Additive Manufacturing.
This first edition of ISO/ASTM 52900 cancels and replaces ASTM F2792.

iv  © ISO/ASTM International 2015 – All rights reserved

 I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017


Introduction
Additive manufacturing is the general term for those technologies that based on a geometrical
representation creates physical objects by successive addition of material. These technologies are
presently used for various applications in engineering industry as well as other areas of society, such as
medicine, education, architecture, cartography, toys and entertainment.
During the development of additive manufacturing technology there have been numerous different
terms and definitions in use, often with reference to specific application areas and trademarks. This is
often ambiguous and confusing which hampers communication and wider application of this technology.
It is the intention of this International Standard to provide a basic understanding of the fundamental
principles for additive manufacturing processes, and based on this, to give clear definitions for
terms and nomenclature associated with additive manufacturing technology. The objective of this
standardization of terminology for additive manufacturing is to facilitate communication between
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people involved in this field of technology on a world-wide basis.

This International Standard has been developed by ISO/TC 261 and ASTM F42 in close cooperation on
the basis of a partnership agreement between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a
common set of ISO/ASTM standards on Additive Manufacturing.

  v
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I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017
 I.S. EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2017

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/ASTM 52900:2015(E)

Additive manufacturing — General principles —

Terminology

1 Scope
This International Standard establishes and defines terms used in additive manufacturing (AM)
technology, which applies the additive shaping principle and thereby builds physical 3D geometries by
successive addition of material.
The terms have been classified into specific fields of application.
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New terms emerging from the future work within ISO/TC 261 and ASTM F42 will be included in
upcoming amendments and overviews of this International Standard.

2 Terms and definitions

2.1 General terms

2.1.1
3D printer, noun
machine used for 3D printing (2.3.1).
2.1.2
additive manufacturing, noun
AM
process of joining materials to make parts (2.6.1) from 3D model data, usually layer (2.3.10) upon layer,
as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies
Note 1 to entry: Historical terms: additive fabrication, additive processes, additive techniques, additive layer
manufacturing, layer manufacturing, solid freeform fabrication and freeform fabrication.

Note 2 to entry: The meaning of “additive-”, “subtractive-” and “formative-” manufacturing methodologies are
further discussed in Annex A.

2.1.3
additive system, noun
additive manufacturing system
additive manufacturing equipment
machine and auxiliary equipment used for additive manufacturing (2.1.2)
2.1.4
AM machine, noun
section of the additive manufacturing system (2.1.3) including hardware, machine control software,
required set-up software and peripheral accessories necessary to complete a build cycle (2.3.3) for
producing parts (2.6.1)
2.1.5
AM machine user, noun
operator of or entity using an AM machine (2.1.4)
2.1.6
AM system user, noun
additive system user
operator of or entity using an entire additive manufacturing system (2.1.3) or any component of an
additive system

  1
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