Dr/Ahmed Talaat Analytical Chemistry

Choose the correct answer:

1 At neutral pH(pH = 7) :

A. acidic amino acids have a net positive charge

B. basic amino acids have a net positive charge

C. acidic amino acids have no charge

D. basic amino acids have no charge

2 Which of the following is not a nonpolar amino acid?

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(a) isoleucine (b) valine (c) methionine (d) arginine

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3 Which of the following amino acids contain(s) a sulfur atom?

(a) leucine serine (b) methionine, cysteine

(c) histidine (d) arginine

(a) tyrosine (b) serine

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4 Which of the following amino acid(s) is (are) neutral and polar at pH = 7 ?

(c) asparagine (d) all of the above

5 Amino acids can be readily detected and quantified by reaction with:

Dr/Ahmed Talaat
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(a) zwitterion (b) hydroxyproline
mhm

(c) 5,5’-Dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (d) ninhydrin (triketohydrindene hydrate)

6 Which of the following amino acids has (have) two chiral centers?
Arh/A

(a) threonine (b) proline (c) isoleucine (d) A and C

7 Which of the following best describes the order of elution of a mixture of asparagine, lysine,
and serine (from first to last) from a cation exchange column?
D/D

(a) A, L, S (b) G, S, K (c) N, L, A (d) N, S, K

8 Which of the following amino acids lacks an asymmetric carbon atom?

(a) serine (b) glycine (c) histidine (d) glutamine

9 The partial double bond character of the peptide bond:

A. restricts rotation around the C − N bond

B. allows free rotation around the C − N bon

C. restricts rotation around the Ca − C bond

D. restricts rotation around the N − Ca bond

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10 The peptide linkage between amino acids has partial double bond character. Because of this
A. There is free rotation around the peptide bond.

B. The carbonyl and amino groups always reside on the same side of the bond.

C. The cis conformation is favored over the trans conformation.

D. There is restricted rotation about the peptide bond.

11 The type of bond holding the amino acid units together in a dipeptide molecule is called:

(a) a glycosidic bond (b) an ester bond (c) a peptide bond (d) a protein bond

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12 All amino acids have the following pair of functional groups:

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(a) amine and an ester (b) carboxylic acid and an amine

(c) amine and alcohol (d) alcohol and carboxylic acid

13 Two amino acid molecules combine to form a dipeptide molecule. The reaction that occurs
is:

(a) an oxidation reaction

(c) a hydrolysis reaction

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(b) a condensation reaction

(d) an esterification reaction

Dr/Ahmed Talaat
14 Essential amino acids can be:
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(a) made from non-essential amino acids (b) obtained by eating the correct food

(c) made from amines (d) made in the body

15 When complex biomolecules such as proteins are unfolded and disordered from their biologically
Arh/A

active, or native, forms, the process is referred to as:

(a) culmination (b) de-energization (c) hydrolysis (d) denaturation

D/D

16 The arrangement of the two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains in hemoglobin is an
example of the ............structure of a protein.

(a) primary (b) secondary (c) tertiary (d) quaternary

17 Which of the following noncovalent interactions are NOT important in protein structure?

(a) hydrophobic interactions (b) ionic bonds

(c) electrostatic bonds (d) van der Waals forces

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18 Which of the following statements about hydrophobic bonds is false?

(a)The forming of hydrophobic bonds maximizes the interaction of nonpolar residues with water.

(b)They form because nonpolar side chains of amino acids and other nonpolar solutes prefer to
cluster in a nonpolar environment.

(c)Hydrophobic bonds can also be referred to as hydrophobic interactions.

(d)They form because nonpolar side chains prefer not to intercalate in a polar solvent such as
water.

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19 Which of the following statements about electrostatic interactions is false?

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(a)They arise either as electrostatic attractions between opposite charges or repulsions between
like charges.

(b)Electrostatic interactions between charged groups on a protein surface are often complicated
by the presence of salts.

(c)They are important for protein stability.

Dr/Ahmed
20 Which of the following statements
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(d)Most proteins do not have amino acids that participate in electrostatic interactions.

about Van Talaat

der Waals interactions is false?
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(a)They can arise due to instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions.
mhm

(b)They consist of both attractive forces and repulsive forces.

(c)Individual van der Waals interactions are weak.

Arh/A

(d)Because they are so weak, they do not contribute much to protein stability.

21 One turn of an a-helix represents............amino acid residues.

(a) 2.6 (b) 3 (c) 3.6 (d) 4

D/D

22 Which of the following statements is (are) true about an a-helix?

(a)The side chains extend outward from the core structure of the helix.

(b)All of the H-bonds lie parallel to the helix axis.

(c)All of the carbonyl groups point in one direction along the helix axis.

(d)All of the above are true.

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23 The term used to refer to how individual polypeptide chains of a protein Kaving two or more
chains are arranged in relation to each other is:

(a) primary structure (b) secondary structure

(c) tertiary structure (d) Quaternary structure

24 Proteins that have a quaternary structure have:

(a)a protein and a nucleic acid bonded together

(b)a protein and a lipid bonded together

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(c)two or more proteins bonded together

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(d)a protein and a carbohydrate bonded together

25 The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called its:

(a) tertiary structure (b) quaternary structure

(c) primary structure

(a) ionic bonds

Dr/Ahmed
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(d) second structure

26 Which of the following types of bond is not present within or between protein molecules:

(b) covalent bond between oxygen atoms

Talaat
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(c) hydrogen bonds (d) covalent bonds between sulphur atoms
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27 are proteins with multiple interacting sites.

(a) Protective proteins (b) Storage proteins

(c) Allosteric binding proteins (d) None

Arh/A

Complete each sentence or statement:

D/D

1 The................ is the end of a polypeptide that has a free carboxylate group.

2 ..............is the asymmetry or "handedness" of a moleçule such that it cannot be superimposed

on its mirror image.

3 A segment of a polymer in which the backbone adopts a regularly repeating conformation is

called a/an...................

4 A/An ..................is the formation of a covalent bond between two molecules during which the
elements of water are lost.

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5 A loop is a segment of a/an ...................usually found on the protein surface, that joins two
elements of secondary structure.

6 .................is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.

7 ..................... is a procedure for the stepwise removal and identification of the N-terminal
residues of a polypeptide.

8 A/An.................. is a protein that binds to unfolded or misfolded proteins in order to promote

their normal folding.

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9 ...............is the local spatial arrangement of a polymer’s backbone atoms without regard to
the conformations of its substituent side chains.

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10 A stretch of polypeptide residues that fold into a globular unit with a hydrophobic core is
called a/an.....................

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11 An ion pair is an electrostatic interaction between two ionic groups of ...................charge.

12 ................is the refolding of a denatured macromolecule so as to regain its native conformation.

A group’s ...............is determined by the chemical properties of the group’s immediate

Dr/Ahmed Talaat
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neighbors.
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14 The fully folded conformation of a macromolecule is its.................

Arh/A

Choose the correct answer:

1 Glutamate is metabolically converted to α ketoglutarate and NH+

4 by a process................

(a) Oxidative deamination (b) Transamination

D/D

(c) Reductive deamination (d) Deamination

2 Free ammonia combined with glutamate to yield glutamine by the action of................

(a) Glutaminase (b) Glutamine synthase

(c) Glutamate dehydrogenase (d) Amino transferase

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3 Pyridoxal phosphate and its aminate form, pyridoxamine phosphate are tightly bound coenzymes
of..............

(a) Amino transferases (b) Glutaminase

(c) Glutamine synthase (d) Glutamate dehydrogenase

4 What is the necessary coenzyme for transamination reactions?

(a) Pyridoxal phosphate (b) Thiamine pyrophosphate

(c) N AD (d) Coenzyme A

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5 Which is the first step in the catabolism of most L-amino acids once they have reached the

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liver is promoted?

(a) Amino transferases (b) Glutaminase

(c) Glutamine synthase (d) Glutamate dehydrogenase

6 Glutamine is converted to glutamate and NH+

(a) Amino transferases

(c) Glutamine synthase

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4 by...............

(b) Glutaminase

(d) Glutamate dehydrogenase

7 Urea production occurs almost Dr/Ahmed Talaat

exclusively in...............
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(a) Kidneys (b) Liver (c) Blood (d) Urine

8 Which is the first amino group entering into urea cycle?

(a) carbamoyl phosphate (b) Ornithine

Arh/A

(c) Cituilline (d) Argininosuccinate

9 The first enzyme in the pathway carbamoyl phosphate synthase I, is allosterically activated
D/D

by...........

(a) N-acetylglutamate (b) Acetyl coA

(c) Glutamate (d) Carbamoyl phosphate

10 A second amino group is transferred to cituilline from..............

(a) Aspartate (b) Glutamate (c) Alanine (d) Guanine

11 Nitrogen atoms of urea produced in the urea cycle are derived from...............

(a) Ammonia and aspartic acid (b) Nitrate

(c) Nitrite (d) Ammonia

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12 What are the products of urea cycle?

(a) One molecule of urea, one molecule of ammonia, one molecule of ATP and one molecule of
fumaric acid

(b) One molecule of urea, one molecule of AMP, two molecules of ADP and one molecule of
fumaric acid

(c) One molecule of aspartic acid, one molecule of ammonia, one molecule of ATP and one molecule
of fumaric acid

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(d) Two molecules of urea, two molecules of ammonia, one molecule of ATP and one molecule of
fumaric acid

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13 The carbon atom source while producing urea in the urea cycle is............

(a) CO2 (b) Glucose (c) Aspartic acid (d) Arginine

(b) Leucine

15 Urea cycle converts.............

(a) Keto acids into amino acids Dr/Ahmed

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14 Which of the following is not an essential amino acid?

(a) Glycine (c) Methionine

Talaat
(b) Amino
(d) Histidine

acids into keto acids

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(c) Ammonia into a less toxic form (d) Ammonia into a more toxic form

16 Which of the following amino acids are exclusively ketogenic?

(a) Leucine (b) Asparagine (c) Threonine (d) Proline

Arh/A

17 Which of the following are exclusively glucogenic?

(a) Arginine (b) Leucine (c) Lysine (d) Threonine

18 Which of the following produces pyruvate?

D/D

(a) Leucine (b) Isoleucine (c) Lysine (d) Alanine

19 Which of the following produces a− ketoglutarate?

(a) Leucine (b) Threonine (c) Methionine (d) Proline

20 Fumarate is produced from four carbon atoms of...............

(a) Tyrosine (b) Isoleucine (c) Threonine (d) Alanine

21 Which of the following produces oxaloacetate?

(a) Aspartate (b) Isoleucine (c) Threonine (d) Alanine

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22 The branched chain amino acid is not...............

(a) Leucine (b) Isoleucine (c) Valine (d) Alanine

23 Glutamic acid is nutritionally which type of amino acid?

(a) Essential amino acid (b) Non-essential amino acid

(c) Semi-essential amino acid (d) Both A and C

24 Glutamic acid is synthesized from which compound?

(a) Oxaloacetate (b) Pyruvate

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(c) Alpha-ketoglutarate (d) Aspartic acid

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25 3. Which enzyme catalyzes the reductive amination of ketoglutarate?

(a) Glutamate dehydrogenase (b) Glutamate oxidase

(c) Glutamate transferase (d) None of the above

(c) Alpha-ketoglutarate
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26 Which product is formed after the degradation of glutamic acid?

(a) Oxaloacetate (b) Pyruvate

(d) Aspartic acid

Dr/Ahmed Talaat
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27 Which compound is involved in the synthesis of glutathione?
mhm

(a) Oxaloacetate (b) Pyruvate

(c) Alpha-ketoglutarate (d) Glutamic acid

Arh/A

28 Proline is derived from which compound?

(a) Oxaloacetate (b) Glutamic acid

(c) Alpha-ketoglutarate (d) Aspartic acid

D/D

29 Aspartic acid is nutritionally which type of amino acid?

(a) Essential amino acid (b) Non-essential amino acid

(c) Semi-essential amino acid (d) Both A and C

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30 Match the following enzyme and its substrate-

(a)Aspartate transminase 1. aspartate

(b)Glutamate dehydrogenase 2. L-glutamate

(c)Glutaminase 3. Alpha-ketoglutarate

(d)Asparginase 4. Aspartate + alpha

31 Glutamine is synthesized from which compound?

(a) Aspartic acid (b) Glutamate (c) Lysine (d) Histidine

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32 Glutaminase is particularly important in which organ?

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(a) Kidney (b) Brain (c) Liver (d) Shoulder

33 Which of the following is major transporter of ammonia?

(a) Aspartic acid (b) Glutamate (c) Lysine (d) Glutamine

(a)Proline is derived from aspartic acid Ta

34 Which of the following statement is NOT true?

(b)Aspartate reacts with citrulline to form arginosuccinate

Dr/Ahmed Talaat
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(c)Glutamine is major transport form of ammonia
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(d)Aspargine is formed from aspartate

35 Aspartate is synthesized from which compound?

Arh/A

(a) Oxaloacetate (b) Pyruvate

(c) Alpha-ketoglutarate (d) Glutamic acid

36 Which compound reacts with inosine monophosphate to form AMP?

D/D

(a) Oxaloacetate (b) Pyruvate (c) Aspartic acid (d) Glutamic acid

37 Which of the following amino acid is glucogenic amino acid?

(a) Aspartic acid (b) Glutamic acid (c) Proline (d) All of the above

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38 What is the need for the conversion of ammonia in other metabolites?

(a)It is toxic in nature

(b)It cannot mix with other components of urine

(c)Both

(d)None

39 For the conversion of ammonia to urea, where is ammonia transported?

(a) Liver (b) Kidney (c) Muscle (d) All of the above

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40 In which form, the ammonia is transported into the blood?

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(a) Alanine (b) Pyruvate (c) Glutamine (d) Both A and c

41 Where do amino acid degradation takes place?

(a) Liver (b) Kidney (c) Muscle (d) Brain

(c) Both
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42 Which type of amino acid is used in the muscle as source of fuel?

(a) Branched chain amino acid (b) Linear amino acid

(d) None
Dr/Ahmed Talaat
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43 During which condition, amino acid acts as fuel in muscle?
mhm

(a) Exercise (b) Fasting (c) During rest (d) Both A and B

44 Why is ammonia not converted into urea in muscle?

Arh/A

(a)It lacks enzyme of glucose alanine pathway

(b)Lacks enzyme of urea cycle

(c)Muscle is busy in doing contraction and relaxation process

D/D

(d)Both B and C

45 Match the following-

(a)glutamate to glutamine 1. ALT

(b)glutamine to glutamate 2. Glutaminase

(c)glutamate to alanine 3. glutamine

46 In which tissue, ammonia combines with glutamate?

(a) Kidney (b) Brain (c) Liver (d) All of the above

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47 Combination of ammonia and glutamate forms which compound?

(a) Alanine (b) Pyruvate (c) Glucose (d) None of the above

48 Which of the following compound is major storage form of ammonia?

(a) Alanine (b) Pyruvate (c) Glucose (d) Glutamine

49 Which of the following statement is NOT true?

(a)Production of ammonia increases metabolic acidosis

(b)Increased level of ammonia can affect the brain

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(c)There are 3 isoenzymes of mitochondrial glutaminase

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(d)For the synthesis of glutamine, ammonia is required

50 Alanine transports ammonia to liver through which pathway?

(a) Glycolysis (b) Glucose-alanine cycle

(c) Urea cycle

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51 Which enzyme converts pyruvate to alanine?

(a) ALT
(d) None of the above

(b) AST
Dr/Ahmed Talaat
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(c) Pyruvate kinase (d) Pyruvate decarboxylase
mhm

52 Pyruvate is converted into glucose through which pathway?

(a) Glycolysis (b) Glucose-alanine cycle

Arh/A

(c) Urea cycle (d) Gluconeogenesis

53 Tyrosine is normally a nonessential amino acid, but why do individuals with a genetic defect
phenylketonuria require tyrosine in their diet for normal growth? Choose the correct answer.
D/D

i) Phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine

ii) The conversion of phenylalanine into tyrosine is inhibited in phenylketonuria
iii) Phenylalanine acts as amino group donor for the synthesis of tyrosine which is inhibited in
phenylketonuria
iv) Phenylalanine acts as hydroxyl group donor for synthesis of tyrosine which is inhibited in
phenylketonuria

(a) i) only (b) i) and ii) (c) ii) and iii) (d) i) and iv)

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54 Which one of the following amino acids is synthesized by a single step of transamination?

(a) Aspartate (b) Glutamate (c) Alanine (d) All the above

55 Amino acids are derived from the intermediates in one of the following metabolic pathways

(a) Glycolysis (b) TCA cycle

(c) Pentose phosphate pathways (d) All the above

56 Which one of the following enzymes regulates amino acid metabolism?

(a) Glutamate synthase (b) Glutamine synthetase

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(c) Glutaminase (d) Asparagine synthetase

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57 Which one of the following option is correct about the precursors of aromatic amino acid
i) Erythrose 4-phosphate
ii) Pyruvate
iii) Phosphoenolpyruvate
iv) Onaloacetate

(a) i) and ii) (b) i) and iii)

Dr/Ahmed
58 Histidine is synthesized from one
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(c) i) and iv)

Talaat
of the following metabolites..
(d) ii) and ii)
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(a) Erythrose 4-phosphate (b) Ribose 5-phosphate

(c) Phosphoenolpyruvate (d) α-ketoglutarate

59 Pyruvate is the precursor of

Arh/A

i) Alanine
ii) Valine
iii) Isoleucine
D/D

iv) Leucine

(a) i) only (b) i) and ii) (c) i), ii) and iii) (d) i), ii), iii) and iv)

60 3-phosphoglycerate is the precursor of..............

(a) Glycine (b) Cysteine (c) Serine (d) All the above

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61 Which of the options is correct match of the following

i) Pyruvate (A) Serine

ii) 3-phosphoglycerate (B) Isoleucine

iii) Ribose 5-phosphate (C) Tyrosine

iv) Phosphoenolpyruvate (D) Histidine

62 Select one of the most appropriate enzyme target being used lymphoblastic leukemia and
acute myeloblastic leukemia

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i) Asparaginase

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ii) Asparagine synthetase
iii) Glutaminas
iv) Glutamine synthetase

(a) i) only

(a) Carbohydrates
(b) i) and ii)

63 Which among the following is not polymeric?

(b) Nucleic acids

64 The simplest amino acid is..............

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(c) i), ii) and iii)

(c) Proteins

Dr/Ahmed Talaat
(d) i), ii), iii) and iv)

(d) Lipids
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(a) Glycine (b) Alanine (c) Asparagine (d) Tyrosine
mhm

65 Amino acids are mostly synthesised from..................

(a) fatty acids (b) mineral salts (c) α-ketoglutaric acid(d) volatile acids
Arh/A

66 Amino acids with the aliphatic ’ R ’ group are..................

(a) Glycine, alanine, leucine (b) Serine, threonine, cysteine

(c) Lysine, arginine, histidine (d) Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan

D/D

67 Which of the following amino acids is not necessary to be taken in the diet?

(a) histidine (b) threonine (c) serine (d) lysine

68 An amino acid yielding acetyl CoA during catabolism is................

(a) ketogenic (b) glucogenic

(c) essential (d) both glucogenic and ketogenic

69 The first amino acid of any polypeptide chain in eukaryotes is............

(a) valine (b) methionine (c) glycine (d) alanine

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70 Amino acids with aromatic side chain are...............

(a) tryptophan, asparagine, tyrosine (b) tryptophan, threonine, tyrosine

(c) phenylalanine, tryptophan, serine (d) phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine

71 The naturally occurring proteins consist of..................

(a) D-amino acids (b) L-amino acids (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these

72 Which of the following amino acids has to be supplemented in the diet?

(a) phenylalanine (b) cysteine (c) glutamine (d) asparagine

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Ta
Dr/Ahmed Talaat
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Arh/A
D/D

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