The document discusses volcanism and magma. It explains that the Earth's interior is hot due to primordial heat from the Earth's formation and ongoing radioactive decay. It describes how magma is formed and its composition. Magma is molten rock found below the surface that is less dense than surrounding solid rock. When magma emerges at the surface it is called lava. The document outlines different types of magma based on their temperature and silica content, including basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic magma. It also discusses viscosity and how temperature, gas and silica content affect viscosity. Finally, it provides examples of different types of volcanoes.
The document discusses volcanism and magma. It explains that the Earth's interior is hot due to primordial heat from the Earth's formation and ongoing radioactive decay. It describes how magma is formed and its composition. Magma is molten rock found below the surface that is less dense than surrounding solid rock. When magma emerges at the surface it is called lava. The document outlines different types of magma based on their temperature and silica content, including basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic magma. It also discusses viscosity and how temperature, gas and silica content affect viscosity. Finally, it provides examples of different types of volcanoes.
The document discusses volcanism and magma. It explains that the Earth's interior is hot due to primordial heat from the Earth's formation and ongoing radioactive decay. It describes how magma is formed and its composition. Magma is molten rock found below the surface that is less dense than surrounding solid rock. When magma emerges at the surface it is called lava. The document outlines different types of magma based on their temperature and silica content, including basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic magma. It also discusses viscosity and how temperature, gas and silica content affect viscosity. Finally, it provides examples of different types of volcanoes.
The document discusses volcanism and magma. It explains that the Earth's interior is hot due to primordial heat from the Earth's formation and ongoing radioactive decay. It describes how magma is formed and its composition. Magma is molten rock found below the surface that is less dense than surrounding solid rock. When magma emerges at the surface it is called lava. The document outlines different types of magma based on their temperature and silica content, including basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic magma. It also discusses viscosity and how temperature, gas and silica content affect viscosity. Finally, it provides examples of different types of volcanoes.
formed. Share your thoughts! Earth’s Internal Heat
1. Primordial heat 2. Radioactive heat (K, U, and Th) Magma
are molten rocks(liquid
state) commonly found on the surface of the Earth. Magma are less dense than the surrounding solid rock. When magma emerges at the surface, it is called lava. Magma composed of silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and oxygen. Magma The most common component is silica (Si02) at 45% to 75% by weight. The more silica content, the higher the viscosity of the magma. In high- viscosity magma (high silica content) gases get trapped in the magma, which leads to violent volcanic eruptions. Magma The melting temperature of rocks could range from 8000C to 14000C. The degree of resistance to flow is called viscosity. Viscosity is inversely proportional to fluidity. Gas content and temperature also affect the viscosity of magma. Magma Gas content is directly proportional to temperature but inversely proportional to viscosity. Temperature of lava is inversely proportional to viscosity. Formation of Magma
1. Decompression Melting 2. Flux Melting 3. Heat Transfer Melting or Convection. 4. Partial Melting The melting temperature of the rock, called eutectic temperature Types of Magma 1. Basaltic Magma ( Fe, Mg, Ca) also known as “mafic” magma. 1,200 degrees Celsius. 45–55 percent silica. Shield volcanoes contain basaltic magma. Such as Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. Pyroclastic deposit. Types of Magma 2. Andesitic Magma intermediate in temp.(800-1,000 degrees Celsius) 52-63 percent silica. usually occur on steep composite volcanoes. less viscosity. Types of Magma 3. Rhyolitic Magma 650-800 degrees Celsius 65-75 percent silica. low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na. high viscosity. Viscosity- measure of the resistance of a fluid to a force or disturbance. Two Types of Eruption Types of Volcano
1. Shield volcano 2. Stratovolcano/ Composite volcano 3. Cinder cone volcano Mt. Biliran in Leyte Mt. Iraya in Basco, Batanes Mt. Kanlaon in Negros Mt. Apo in Davao Mt. Mayon in Albay Mt. Pinatubo in Zambales Smith volcano or Mt. Babuyan Mt. Taal
