St. Joseph’s Sr. Sec.

School
Sector -44-D, Chandigarh
Class X (Subject- Information Technology)
DEFINITIONS
1. SCENARIOS: Scenarios are a tool to test “what-if” questions. Each scenario is named, and can be edited and
formatted separately. It is essentially a saved set of cell values for your calculations. You can easily switch
between these sets using the Navigator or a drop-down list which can be shown beside the changing cells.
2. GOAL SEEK: It is used to calculate a result based upon existing values. Using Goal Seek option under Tools
menu, we can discover what values will produce the result that we want.
3. SOLVER: It is more elaborated form of Goal Seek. The difference is that the Solver deals with equations with
multiple unknown variables. It is specifically designed to minimize or maximize the result according to a set of
rules that we define.
4. SUBTOTAL: SUBTOTAL is a function listed under the Mathematical category when you use the Function Wizard
(Insert > Function). Because of its usefulness, the function has a graphical interface. SUBTOTAL, totals/adds
data arranged in an array—that is, a group of cells with labels for columns and/or rows. Using the Subtotals
dialog, you can select arrays, and then choose a statistical function to apply to them. For efficiency, you can
choose up to three groups of arrays to which to apply a function.
5. MERGE FIELD: A merge field is where you want to insert the information from a data source into a main
document. Merge fields appear with chevrons (« »).
6. DATA SOURCE: Data source is a file that contains the names and addresses or any other information that vary
with each version of a mail-merge document.
7. MAIN DOCUMENT: Main document is the document which contains text and graphics. It may be a formal or
an official letter.
8. LABELS (mailing Labels): Labels are stickers that may contain information related to a product to advertise, a
warning message, instructions for use, caution in use, environmental device, batch number, etc. In same way,
mailing labels are stickers that you put over the envelopes and/or at the top of the letters while sending mails
to a group of people.
9. Two types of data on which mail merge can be applied are Labels and Letters.
10. DATABASE:- A database management system is a software package with computer programs that controls the
creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for
various applications.
Data can be organized into two types:
• Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable for less amount of data.
• Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked using a common field. Relational is
suitable for medium to large amount of data
11. SORTING DATA: - Sorting means to arrange the data in either ascending order of descending order. Select the
column(s) then click on sort buttons. The data will be displayed accordingly.
12. QUERY: - Query is to collect specific information from the pool of data. A query helps us join information from
different tables and filter that information. Filtering means that the query uses criteria you provide to hide
some data and present only what you want to see.
13. FORM: - A form provides the user a systematic way of storing information into the database. It is an interface
in a user specified layout that lets users to view, enter, and change data directly in database objects such as
tables.
14. REPORT:-A report helps to display the data in a summarized manner. It is used to generate the overall work
outcome in a clear format. You can create reports in the database.
15. PRIMARY KEY (PK):- A primary key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table. Primary Keys are also
indexed in the database, making it faster for the database to search for a record.
16. COMPOSITE PRIMARY KEY:- When primary key constraint is applied on one or more columns then it is known
as Composite Primary Key.
17. FOREIGN KEY:-The foreign key identifies a column or set of columns in one (referencing) table that refers to a
column or set of columns in another (referenced) table.
18. REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY:- Referential integrity is used to maintain accuracy and consistency of data in a
relationship. In Base, data can be linked between two or more tables with the help of primary key and foreign
key constraints. Referential integrity helps to avoid:
 Adding records to a related table if there is no associated record available in the primary key table.
 Changing values in a primary if any dependent records are present in associated table(s).
 Deleting records from a primary key table if there are any matching related records available in associated
table(s).
19. TEMPLATE:-A template is a model that you use to create other documents. For example, you can create a
template for business reports that has your company’s logo on the first page. New documents created from
this template will all have your company’s logo on the first page.
20. TABLE OF CONTENT:- Writer’s table of contents feature lets you build an automated table of contents from
the headings in your document. Before you start, make sure that the headings are styled consistently. For
example, you can use the Heading 1 style for chapter titles and the Heading 2 and Heading 3 styles for chapter
subheadings.
21. STYLE:-A style is a set of formats that you can apply to selected pages, text, frames, and other elements in
your document to quickly change their appearance. When you apply a style, you apply a whole group of
formats at the same time.
 22. PAGE STYLES include margins, headers and footers, borders and backgrounds. In Calc, page styles also include
the sequence for printing sheets.
23. PARAGRAPH STYLES control all aspects of a paragraph’s appearance, such as text alignment, tab stops, line
spacing, and borders, and can include character formatting.
24. CHARACTER STYLES affect selected text within a paragraph, such as the font and size of text, or bold and italic
formats.
25. FRAME STYLES are used to format graphic and text frames, including wrapping type, borders, backgrounds,
and columns.
26. NUMBERING STYLES apply similar alignment, numbering or bullet characters, and fonts to numbered or
bulleted lists.
27. CELL STYLES include fonts, alignment, borders, background, number formats (for example, currency, date,
number), and cell protection.
28. GRAPHICS STYLES in drawings and presentations include line, area, shadowing, transparency, font,
connectors, dimensioning, and other attributes.
29. PRESENTATION STYLES include attributes for font, indents, spacing, alignment, and tabs.
30. Positioning of a graphic is controlled by four settings:
1. Arrangement refers to the placement of a graphic on an imaginary vertical axis. Arrangement controls how
graphics are stacked upon each other or relative to the text.
2. Alignment refers to the vertical or horizontal placement of a graphic in relation to the chosen anchor point.
3. Anchoring refers to the reference point for the graphics. This point could be the page, or frame where the
object is, a paragraph, or even a character. An image always has an anchor point.
4. Text wrapping refers to the relation of graphics to the surrounding text, which may wrap around the
graphic on one or both sides, be overprinted behind or in front of the graphic, or treat the graphic as a
separate paragraph or character.
31. MACRO: - A macro is a saved sequence of commands or keystrokes that are stored for later use. An example
of a simple macro is one that “types” your address. The OpenOffice.org (OOo) macro language is very flexible,
allowing automation of both simple and complex tasks. Macros are especially useful to repeat a task the same
way over and over again.

Advantages of Macros in Calc

1. Macros automate the repetitive kaystrokes and tasks.
2. Macros reduce the possibility of human error that increases with many repetitive keystrokes and tasks.
3. Macros are useful for making complex computations easier to perform by storing them in a name, which can
re-run every time when needs to perform the same complex computations.
Macros are used to perform different types of operations in a Spreadsheet:
1. Formatting settings to be applied repeatedly in a spreadsheet
2. Sorting Data
3. Applying any Mathematical functions/formulas