Booklet G7

Mathematics 1st Prep 1st term
 The set of counting numbers C = { 1, 2, 3, 4, … }
 The set of natural numbers N = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, … }
 The set of integer numbers Z = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, … }
 The set of rational numbers: the set contains the numbers can be
written as a fraction and its denoted by Q, this fraction whose
numerator is an integer and whose denominator is an integer except
zero because (division by zero meaningless)

a
Q   x : x  , a  z , b  z , b  0 
 b 
[1] Show which of the following number is rational and which is irrational:
2
(a) (b) zero
3
(c) 6.5 (d) – 1.8
1 5
(e) 5 (f)
6 3
2 22
(g) 3
(h) 3
4
(i) (j) 32
55
(k)  4 zero (l) 13%
2
[2] Show which of the following numbers is integer:
15 4
(a) 5
(b) 8
35 14
(c) (d) 
7 14
24 0
(e)  (f)
5 5
1 33
(g) 3 (h)
4 5
[3] Solve the following equations:
(1) 2 x = 0 (2) 4 x = 0
(3) x – 3 = 0 (4) x + 3 = 0
(5) 4 – x = 0 (6) x – 4 = 0
[4] Complete:
5
(1) If is a rational number, then a  ......
a
3
(2) The number is a rational number if x  ......
x 2
x 7
(3) The number Q if x  ......
x 3
x 7
(4) The number Q if x  ......
x 3
2
(5) The number is a rational number if x  ......
5x
4 x
(6) The rational number  0 if x  ......
x 9
x 5
(7) The rational number  0 if x  ......
x 9
3
[5] Complete the following table:
5 3 7 6x
The number x 3 4x 8x x
Expresses a rational no. if x  ... …… …… …… ……
x 2 6x 2x 2x  4
The rational number x 1 x 4 x 5 x 3
Equals to zero if x  ...... …… …… …… ……
a
[7] Write each rational number in the form :
b
(1) -5 (2) zero
(3) 0.75 (4) - 0.01
(5) 5.4 (6) 30%
(7) 4.5% 2
(8) 8
3
[8] Which of the following numbers can be written as a terminating

decimal?
7 7
(1) (2)
15 20
8 2
(3) (4) 1
9 9
17 5
(5) (6)
6 11
5 13
(7) (8)
8 22
2 2
(9) 2 (10) 1
5 3
4
[9] Write each rational number as a decimal and a percentage:
The number The decimal form The percentage form

1
(1)
4
1
(2) 2
2
21
(3)
1000
1
(4)
6
3
(5) 
20
3
(6) 7
16
[10] Put each of the following numbers in the simplest form:

15 24
(1) (2)
35 56
45 132
(3) (4)
60 88
33 36
(5) (6)
55 48
[11] Complete:
2 4 ... ... 4 8 ... ...

(1)    (2)   
3 ... 12 ... 5 ... 20 ...
12 ... ... 35 ... ...

(3) 6    (4) 5   
... 3 ... ... 4 ...
5
[12] Choose the correct answer:
4 20
(1) If  , then x  ......
5 x
(a) 25 (b) -25 (c) 5 (d) 100
a 6
(2) The number is not rational number if a = ……
a 4
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) zero
a
(3) The rational number is an integer if ……
b
(a) a < b (b) a > b
(c) b is a divisor of a (d) a is a divisor of b
 
(4) 0. 5 7  .....
(a) 57 (b) 57
(c) 575
(d) 19
100 99 1000 33
8
(5)   .....
25
(a)  8
  
(b)  0. 3 2 (c)  0. 3 2 (d) 32%
25
(6) 12%  .....

 3
(a) 0. 3 (b) 1.2 (c) (d) 0.012
25
x
(7) The rational number is negative if ……
3
(a) x > zero (b) x < zero (c) x zero (d) x = zero
a
(8) If is a rational number and a b = zero, then ………
b
(a) a = 0 , b ≠ zero (b) a ≠ 0 , b ≠ zero
(c) a = 0 , b = zero (d) a ≠ 0 , b = zero
6
[1] Complete using (<), (>) or (=):
 2
3
1
3  2
3
4
5  4
1
2 -5
 4
5
3
5  1
2
zero  4
1
2 5
 4
9
1  
1
2
zero 11 
15
2
7
1
2
 1
2
1
4  
3
4
1
4
12 
3
2
1
2
[2] Put the suitable sign using (<), (>) or (=):
 1
4
1
6  9
5
1
2
3  0.5
2
8
 
5
7

3
2  3
1
2

20
6  1.6 
8
5
[3] Arrange the following rational numbers in a descending order:
3 7 1 1 4
, ,  ,  and …………………………………………………………
10 30 3 5 15
[4] Arrange the following rational numbers in an ascending order:
3 5 7 2
, ,  and …………………………………………………………
4 8 12 3
7
[5] Write a rational number in each of the following:
 2
5
< …… <
3
5  
2
7
< …… < 
3
14
 
2
3
< …… < 
1
3 
[6] Write two rational numbers lying between:
1 4
(1) and ………………………………………
2 5
3 2
(2)  and  ………………………………………
4 3
3
(3) 0.3 and ………………………………………
5
2 3
(4) and ………………………………………
5 5
1 1
(5) and ………………………………………
8 4
[7] Write four rational numbers lying between:
1 11
(1) and ………………………………………
2 12
4 5
(2)  and  ………………………………………
9 6
(3) Zero and 3 ………………………………………
[8] If a = 3 and b = 5, which of the following numbers is rational

and which is not?
a
(1) ………………………………………
2b
b
(2) ………………………………………
3a
8
b 5
(3) ………………………………………
a
3 3
[9] Identify and write four rational numbers between and , such
2 4
that one of them is an integer.
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
9
Properties of the addition operation in Q:

(1) Closure property:
The sum of any two rational numbers is a rational number.
i.e.: Q is closed under addition operation.
(2) Commutative property:

If a and b are two rational numbers, then
a+b=b+a
(3) Associative property:

If a, b and c are three rational numbers, then
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
(4) Additive identity:

Zero is the additive identity (additive neutral element).
If a is a rational number, then
0+a=a+0=a
(5) Additive inverse:

a + (-a) = zero
3   3
for example:    zero
5  5 
Properties of the subtraction operation in Q:

Q is closed under subtraction operation, but the subtraction
operation in Q is not commutative, not associative, has no identity
element and has no inverse.
[1] Complete:
(1) The additive identity element in Q is …………
3
(2) The additive inverse of is …………
7
10
4
(3) The additive inverse of  is …………
9
6
(4) is the additive inverse of the number …………
 11
zero
2
(5) The additive inverse of   is …………
 3
zero
  2
(6) The additive inverse of   is …………
 7 
 4
(7) The additive inverse of is …………
5
(8) The additive inverse of zero is …………
[2] Complete:
1 6
(1) The remainder of subtracting from is …………
5 5
1 4
(2) The remainder of subtracting from  is …………
3 3
2
(3) The remainder of subtracting  from 0 is …………
3
1
(4) + ……… = 0
5
[3] Find the result of each of the following in the simplest form:
3 2 3 9
(1)   ...... (2)    ......
7 7 5 5
7 3 5  4
(3)   ...... (4)     ......
8 8 6  6 
2 2 5 4
(5)    ...... (6)    ......
9 9 9 9
3  2 1 25
(1)       ...... (2)   ......
10  5 4 8
2 3 1 2
(3)   ...... (4)   ......
5 15 5 3
11
3  2 19  39 
(5)      ...... (6)     ......
7  5 10  100 
9 3
(7)    ......
12 16
2 3 1 3
(1) 2  2  ...... (2) 9  7  ......
7 7 5 5
1 3 2 1
(3)  2  ...... (4) 6  3  ......
4 8 3 6
1 1 3 1
(5) 2  12  ...... (6) 2   ......
2 16 8 4
2 1
(7)  0.2  ...... (8) 50%   ......
5 4
2 
(9)  0. 3  ......
3
3
(1)  50%  ......
4
5 3
(a) 75% (b) 150% (c) (d)
4 2
1 6
(2) Subtracting from gives ………
5 5
3 7
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) (d)
5 5
1 4
(3) Subtracting from gives ………
3 3
5 5
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) (d)
3 3
1
(4) Subtracting from zero gives ………
7
1 1 6
(a) zero (b) (c) (d)
7 7 7
3
(5) Subtracting from zero gives ………
2
3 3
(a) zero (b) (c) (d) 1
2 2
12
1
(6) ......   1
2
1 1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c)  (d) 1
2 2 2 2
3
(7)  ......  zero
5
(a) 3 (b) 3
(c) 1 (d) zero
5 5
[5] Using the properties in Q, find out the result of each of the
following in the simplest form:
(1) 1 1 3 2 3 5 1
4

2

4
(2)   
7 4 7 4
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
2 1 11   6  5 1 3   1
(3)     (4)    
13 5 13  5  8 3 8  3 
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
 3   3  1 3 1  2 6 1
(5)     2   (6)      
4  5   4 5 2  4 4 2
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
13
[6] If x 
2
, y   1 and z  1 find in the simplest form the numerical
3 2 6
value of each of the following:
(1) y  z
(2) x  y  z
14
Properties of the Multiplication operation in Q:

(1) Closure property:
The product of any two rational numbers is a rational number.
i.e.: Q is closed under multiplication operation.
(2) Commutative property:

If a and b are two rational numbers, then
a×b=b×a
(3) Associative property:

(a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
(4) Multiplicative identity:

One is the multiplicative identity (multiplicative neutral element).
1×a=a×1=a
(5) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal of the number):

a
For any rational number except zero there is a multiplicative
b
b a b
inverse that is the number , where: × =1
a b a
1
 Zero has no multiplicative inverse because is undefined.
zero
 Multiplying any rational number by zero equals to zero.
(6) Distribution property:

a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
a × (b - c) = a × b - a × c
15
Properties of operations:
operation
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division
Property
Closure    
Commutative    
Associative    
Identity element  (0)   (1) 
Inverse   except (0) 
[1] Complete:
(1) The multiplicative identity element in Q is …………
3
(2) The multiplicative inverse of is …………
7
2
(3) The multiplicative inverse of is …………
3
(4) The multiplicative inverse of -6 is …………

1
(5) The multiplicative inverse of 3 is …………
2
(6) The multiplicative inverse of 0.5 is …………
(7) The multiplicative inverse of 1 is …………
(8) The multiplicative inverse of -1 is …………

zero
 3
(9) The multiplicative inverse of   is …………
 5
3
(10) The multiplicative inverse of  is …………
5
(11) The rational number that has no multiplicative inverse is

…………
a 1
(12) The rational number has a multiplicative inverse if
5
a  ......
16
[2] Put () for the correct statement and () for the incorrect one:
(1) Every rational number has a multiplicative inverse. ( )
(2) The multiplicative inverse of a rational number is an integer. ( )

0 7
(3) The multiplicative inverse of the number is . ( )
7 0
1 1
(4) The multiplicative inverse of the number 2 is 5 . ( )
5 4
2 3 35
(5) The multiplicative inverse of the number    is . ( )
7 5 31
[3] Complete:
The number The additive inverse The multiplicative inverse

3
……… ………
7
4
……… ………
9
-6 ……… ………
0.5 ……… ………

1
3 ……… ………
2
zero
 3
  ……… ………
 8 
3

7
……… ………
1 ……… ………
-1 ……… ………
0 ……… ………
1
……… ………
5
17
[4] Complete:
3  4  4
(1)      ...... ………………………………… property
2  5  5
2 3
(2)   ...... ………………………………… property
3 2
....
(3) 7   1 ………………………………… property
7
4 4
(4)   ......   ………………………………… property
5 5
4
(5)   ......  1 ………………………………… property
11
3
(6) 2  ......  1 ………………………………… property
5
(7) 0.8  ......  1 ………………………………… property
(8) 4  ......  5 ………………………………… property

2  1 2
(9) 2     2  ...  ... ………………………………… property
3  2 3
3 2 ...
(10)  
9 3 8
x 2 3x
(11) If  then,  ......
y 3 2y
a a
(12) If  70 then  ......
b 2b
[5] Find out the result of each of the following in the simplest form:
3 2 1 2
(1)   ...... (2)   ......
5 7 2 3
3  5 2  3
(3)       ...... (4)      ......
8  3 6  4
 2 5 4  5
(5)     ...... (6)      ......
 3 8 5  7
3  4 1
(7)       ...... (8)   12  ......
7  3 2
18
4 3 1 5
(1)   ...... (2)    ......
5 7 6 2
 4  4 5 1
(3)     ...... (4)   ......
11  11  27 9
5   15  5 5
(5)     ...... (6)   ......
6  2  8 8
3 7
(7) zero   ...... (8) 1   ......
5 5
1 1   3
(1) 3   4   ...... (2) 1     ......
2 2  2 
 2  1 1  1
(3)   4     5   ...... (4) 3    4   ......
 7  6 8  5
 1 5  1
(5)  1     ...... (6) 0. 6  1  ......
 2 3 3
1 11 5 47
(1) 2   ...... (2)  7   ......
5 5 6 100
2 1 1  1
(3)  4  1  ...... (4)  4    3   ......
7 14 3  4
3  1 1
(5) 2    3   ...... (6) 6   15   ......
4  8  4
19
[9] Using the distribution property, find out the result of each of
the following in the simplest form:
5 5
(1) 3   9
12 12
4 4
(2)  11   16
9 9
6 6 6
(3) 7  5    11
37 37 37
7 7 7
(4) 5  9  2
12 12 12
7 7 7
(5) 6  8 
13 13 13
  3   3   3
(6)  8  5     
 7   7   7 
[10] Find the result in the simplest form:

3 5 5 3  1 1
(1)      ...... (2)      ......
 8 8  8 4 2 3
  18 9    3 1  1
(3)        ...... (4)  4    3   ......
 5 35   7  3  4
  12  5    9   2 2 1
(5)          ...... (6)   1   4   6  ......
 25  7    14   3  3  9
[11] Find the value of (n) in each of the following:

7  3
(1)   n
3 7
17
(2) n   1
3
20
7
(3) n  0
3
5 5
(4) n 
7 7
 1   3  1   3
(5) n     n   5   
 2  5  2  5 
1 3
[12] If a  2, b  and c  , find in the simplest form the value of:
2 2
a  b  c
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 3
[13] If x  , y  and z  3 , find in the simplest form the
3 4
numerical value of each of the following:
(1) x yz …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) x y z y ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 5
[14] If x  and y  , find in the simplest form the value of the
4 3
expression:
x y
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
x y
21
 The distance between two numbers 2 and 5 is:

|2-5| = |5-2| = 3 length units
 The distance between two numbers -2 and 3 is:

|-2-3| = |3+2| = 5 length units
 From the side of the smallest number: s + f (g – s)
 From the side of the greatest number: g - f (g – s)
Ex (1): Find the rational number lying at the middle of the way
between 3 and 7.
1
The number = s + f (g – s) = 3 7  3  5
2
Or
1
The number = g – f (g – s) = 7  7  3   5
2
2
Ex (2): Find the rational number lying at the half-way between
5
3
and .
7
2 13 2 29
The number = s + f (g – s) =     
5 27 5 70
Ex (3): Find the rational number lying at one third of the way
between 2 and 8.
1
From the side of the smaller number = s + f (g – s) = 2 8  2  4
3
1
From the side of the greatest number = g - f (g – s) = 8 8  2  6
3
22
[1] Find the rational number in the middle of the way (half-way)
between:
3 5
(1) and ……………………………………………………………………………………
8 8
3 3
(2) and ……………………………………………………………………………………
4 4
1 7
(3) and ……………………………………………………………………………………
2 8
11 13
(4) and ……………………………………………………………………………………
4 35
[2] Find the rational number lying at:

5 3
(1) One fourth of the way between and from the side of the
7 7
smaller number.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 4
(2) One third of the way between and from the side of the
5 5
greater number.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4 3
(3) One third of the way between and 1 from the side of the
7 4
smaller number.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 3
(4) One fifth of the way between and from the side of the
3 5
smaller number.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23
b a
(1) If a   , a  0, then b = ……
2 2
a
(a) (b) 0 (c) a (d) 1 (e) -a
2
x x 2
(2) If  4  6, then  = ……
3 3 3
32 2x
(a) 1 (b) x (c) (d) 10 (e)
3 9
x
(3) If  1, then 2x  2y = ……
y
1
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 (e)
2
2 2
(4) If x   5 , then x = ……
x 5
1 4 5
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) (e) 5
5 5 2
(5) If 5a  45 and ba  1 , then b = ………

1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 5 (e) 9
45 9 5
x 3
(6) The number  Q if x  ......
x 5
(a) 3 (b) -3 (c) 5 (d) -5 (e) 15
3 3
[4] Find three rational numbers lying between and , such that one
2 4
of them is an integer.
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
24
The perimeter and the area of some shapes
[1] The square:
 P = S × 4 = 4 S (coeff. = 4 and degree = 1st)
 A = S × S = S2 (coeff. = 1 and degree = 2nd)
[2] Rectangle:
 P = ( l + w ) × 2 = 2 ( l + w )
 A = l × w = l w (coeff. = 1 and degree = 2nd)
[3] Parallelogram:
 P = (x+y) × 2 = 2(x+y)
 A = b × h = b h
[4] Rhombus:
 P = S × 4 = 4 S
1
 A = S × h = S h or A =  d1  d 2
2
[5] Triangle:
 P = the sum of all side lengths
 Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 S

1
 A = bh
2
 If we denote one pound by x, if we have 3 pounds

x + x + x = 3 x (coeff. = 3 and degree = 1st)
25
 The algebraic term is formed from the product of two or more

factors.
 The degree of the algebraic term is the sum of the indices of the
algebraic factors in this term.
 Any number is an algebraic term of zero degree.
 The algebraic term has no algebraic factors is called the absolute

term.
 The algebraic expression consists of an algebraic term (monomial)

or more.
 The degree of the algebraic expression is the highest degree of

its terms.
[1] Write the algebraic term that represent the area of each shape:
Y a l
x 5 k
…………………… …………………… ……………………
[2] Complete the table:
1 3
Algebraic term 2 a b2 7 a b3 c -8 x2 b 3 (-2)3 2
x y z2
Coefficient
Degree
26
[3] Complete the table:
The Algebraic expression No. of terms Name Degree
-3 a5 b
3x2 + y
5x3 – 7x + 4
2a2 b + 3a b2 – a2 b2
x2 y2 – 3x y4
a2 b – 3a b3 + 2a3 b2 + b4
[4] Complete:
(1) The coefficient of algebraic term 3 x2 y is ………… and its degree
is …………
1 3
(2) The coefficient of algebraic term x y z 2 is ………… and its
2
degree is …………
(3) The degree of the absolute term in an algebraic expression is ……
(4) The algebraic expression 5x 2  3 is of the …………… degree.

(1) The degree of the algebraic term 2x3y2 is ………
(a) second (b) third (c) fourth (d) fifth
(2) The coefficient of the algebraic term 3xy3z4 is ………

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 7
27
(3) The degree of the algebraic expression 3x2 + 3x4 equals to the
degree of the algebraic expression ……………
(a) 5xy+3y2z (b) 2x2y2 + 3x2y (c) 2xy + 3x4z (d) 5a2b + 4ab2
(4) The number of terms of the algebraic expression 3x2+5xy+6 is …

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(5) The ……… operation is unclosed in the set of rational numbers.

(a) addition (b) subtraction (c) division (d) multiplication
(6) If the degree of the algebraic term 2a3bn is ninth, then n = ………
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 9
(7) The algebraic term b3 = ………

(a) 3 b × b (b) b + b + b (c) b × b × b (d) 3 × b
[6] Arrange the terms of the following algebraic expressions accord-

ing to the descending order of the indices of a:
(1) 5a + a2 – 7 + a3 ………………………………………………………………………
(2) 2 a2 b2 + 5 b a3 – 3 b3 a ………………………………………………………………………
[7] Arrange the terms of the following algebraic expressions accord-

ing to the ascending order of the indices of x:
(1) 5x + x2 – 7 + x3 ………………………………………………………………………
(2) 2 x2 y2 + 5 y x3 – 3 y3 x ………………………………………………………………………
28
 The algebraic terms are said to be like if they having the same
symbols and the same degree. Such as:
Like terms Unlike terms

 2a, a and -5a.  2x, -3x2 and 7x3
 2x2y, 4yx2 and 
1 2
x y  4x2, 5xy and y2
2
[1] Put () for the correct statement and () for the incorrect one:
(1) The two algebraic terms x2 and 2x are like terms. ( )
(2) The two algebraic terms 3 a b2 and – a b2 are like terms. ( )
(3) The two algebraic terms 7x2 and 2x7 are like terms. ( )
(4) The two algebraic terms 3 a2 b3 and -2 b3 a2 are like terms. ( )
(5) 2 a + 3 a = 5 a2 ( )
(6) 7 x2 – 2 x2 = 5 x2 ( )
(7) 8 y2 – 5 y = 3 y ( )
(8) 3 a b – 3 b a = zero ( )
[2] Find the result of each of the following:
(1) 3 x + x = ………… (2) 7 y – y = …………
(3) 3 x + 2 x = ………… (4) 5 y – 3 y = …………
(5) 4 z – 11 z = ………… (6) – 7 x – 2 x = …………
(7) 2 a + 3 a – 4 a = ………… (8) – 3 a2 + 5 a2 = …………

5x 3x 3x x
(9)  = ………… (10)  = …………
4 4 5 5
29
[3] Answer each of the following:
(1) Subtract y2 from -3y2 …………………………………………………
(2) Subtract -6x2y from 9x2y …………………………………………………
(3) What is the increase -2x of -5x? …………………………………………………
(4) What is the increase 3a2b of a2b? …………………………………………………
(5) What is the decrease -3ab of 2ab? …………………………………………………
(6) What is the decrease 6x2y of -7x2y? …………………………………………………
[4] Complete:
(1) The result of subtracting 3a from 7a is ………………………………………
(2) The result of subtracting 3x2 from -5x2 is ………………………………………
(3) The result of subtracting 7y3 from zero is ………………………………………
(4) The result of subtracting -3a from 2a is ………………………………………
(5) 5a increases 3a by ………………………………
(6) 7x increases -3x by ………………………………
(7) 4x decreases 7x by ………………………………
(8) 5x decreases 3x by ………………………………
(9) 2x decreases 4x by ………………… while 2x increases 4x by ………………
(10) ………… + 2a2 = 7a2
(11) 3x2 - ………… = x2
(12) 2m2 + ………… = zero
(13) 5 a2 b - …………… = 7 a2 b
(14) If 4x – y = 11 and y = 3x, then x = ………
30
[5] If the sum of two terms is 12 x2 y one of them is 4 x2 y. Find the other
term. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[6] Reduce to the simplest form:

(1) 3a + 2b + 5a + 4b = ……………………………………………………………………………………
(2) 2x – 4y – 9x – 3y = ……………………………………………………………………………………
(3) 3x – 5y – x + 2y = ……………………………………………………………………………………
(4) 19 m – 4 n + 11 m – 17 n + 9 n = ………………………………………………………………
(5) 4 a + a b + 5 a – 2 b + 6 b – 3 a = ……………………………………………………………
[7] Reduce each of the following algebraic expressions:

(1) 5x + 4 - 3x2 – 6x – 7x2 - 1 = ……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) 6 x2 y – 3 x y2 + 2 x y2 – 5 x2 y + 2 x2 y2 = ……………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3) a2 + 4a – 5 + 3a2 – 6a + 1 = ……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(4) 5 x2 – 2 x + 8 – 7 x – 3 + x2 = …………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
31
[1] Find the sum of each of the following:
(1) 3 x - 2 y + 5 and x + 2 y - 2 (2) 3n2 + 5n – 6 and –n2 – 3n +3
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
(3) 3l – 4m + 5n and 4m -5n – l (4) 3a3-2a2b+b3 and a3+4a2b–b3
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
[2] Find the sum:
(1) 3a + 2b – 5 , 2a – 7b + 4 , 5b – 4a + 3
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
(2) 3x + 3y – z , 3x + 3z – 2y , x + 2y + z
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
32
(3) 5x2 – 3x + 9 , x2 + 2x – 5 , x2 – 3 – 6x
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
(4) 3x – 4x2 + 2 , x2 + x – 5 , 3 + 3x2 – 4x
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
[3] Subtract:
(1) x – 2 from 2x - 5 (2) 2x + 6y – 7 from 2x – 5y +2
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
[4] What is the increase of:
(1) 5a + 7b than 3a – 2b (2) x2 – 5x -1 than 3x2 + 2x - 3
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
33
[5] What is the decrease of:
(1) 2a + 3b than 5b – 3a (2) 3y2–2xy+x2 than 3x2-5xy+y2
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
[6] Subtract x + x2 – 5 from 2x2 + x – 3, then find the numerical value of

the result when x = 6
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
34
[1] Multiply:
(1) 5x  3y = ………………………………
(2)  3a   7 c = ………………………………
(3) 2 x   3 x  = ………………………………
(4)  8 y    7 y 
5 4
= ………………………………
(5) 
2 xy   3 x 2  = ………………………………
(6) 5 x 3 y 4  2 xy2 = ………………………………
(7) 5ab2   2a 2b  = ………………………………
(8) ab   3a    2b  = ………………………………
(9)   
2 x 3   3 x2   5 x 4  = ………………………………
(10)  2 x   4 x = ………………………………
[2] If the symbols represent non-zero integers, find the quotient of

each of the following:
(1) 6a  2 = ………………………………
(2) 10c  2c = ………………………………
(3) 12 x   x  = ………………………………
35
Mathematics 1st Prep 1st term Mr. Mahmoud
(4)  14 x   7 x
2
= ………………………………
(5)  25a    5a 
6 2
= ………………………………
(6) 
24c 5   24c 5  = ………………………………
(7) 9 x5 y 4  6 x3 y = ………………………………
(8)  32a b    4a b 
3 6 3 2
= ………………………………
(9) 
8m 4 n3   4 m n2  = ………………………………
[3] Simplify:
2 4 3 4
(1) t  t = ………………………………
3 2
2 2
(2) a  21a 5 = ………………………………
7
6 x 4 y2 28 x y 3
(3)  = ………………………………
7 3
1 2
(4) 3x3  x = ………………………………
6
(1) 3a 4 b  5a 2b2  2a 3  ......

(a) 60a 11b 3 (b) 30a10 b2 (c) 150a10 b 3 (d) 30a 9 b 3
36
(2)  3 x y 
2 2
 2 xy  ......
(a)  18 x 5 y 3 (b) 18 x 5 y 3 (c) 6 x 3 y2 (d) 9 x2 y2
(3)  6 x y   3 x
3 2 2
y  ......
(a)  2 x2 y (b) 2 xy (c) 2 xy (d)  2 x2 y2
(4) If 2b cm is the edge length of a cube, then its volume = …… cm3

(a) 4b2 (b) 2b 3 (c) 4b 3 (d) 8b 3
(5) If the area of a rectangle is 24 x 3 cm2 and its length is 8x 2 cm,

then its width is ………
(a) 3x (b) 3x 2 (c) 4 x (d) 4x5
[5] Complete:
(1) 9a 5  3a  ......
(2) 36a 5b8  12a 3b2  ......
(3)  4c 3d 3  2c d 2  ......
(4) 81l 4  ......  27 l 3
(5) ......  6a 2  4a 4
(6) 36a 7 b 4  ......  9a 7 b
37
[1] Find the following products:
(1) a a  1 = ………………………………
(2) a a  2  = ………………………………
(3) 3 x 7 y  4 z  = ………………………………
(4)  3 y  3 = ………………………………
(5)  2c 7  3c  = ………………………………
(6) 
2 x 3 x2  4 y2  = ………………………………
(7)  5 x2 x  y  3z  = ………………………………
(8) 
3 xy 2 x 2  5 x 2 y  4 y2  = ………………………………
(9) 
l m 2 l 2  3m l  4 m 2  = ………………………………
1 2
(10) 3
 
x 6 x 2  9 x y  3 y2 = ………………………………
[2] Put in the simplest form:
(1) 3a a  b   4 a 2a  b  = …………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
38
(2) 3a 4 a  2   4a 3a  2 = ……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3] Simplify 2a 3a  1  3a a  2 , then find the numerical value of

the result when a = 1:
2a 3a  1  3a a  2 = …………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
39
We have 3 ideas of the examples on this lesson
1st idea this is the general idea
[1] Find by direct products:
(1)  x  3  x  2  = ………………………………………………
(2)  x  3  x  2  = ………………………………………………
(3)  x  2  x  5  = ………………………………………………
(4)  y  4   y  5 = ………………………………………………
(5)  x  2  x  4  = ………………………………………………
(6)  y  5   y  2 = ………………………………………………
(7) 5m  2 6m  1 = ………………………………………………
(8) 4 x  1 2 x  3 = ………………………………………………
(9) 3a  2b 2a  5b = ………………………………………………
(10) b2

 4 b2  2  = ………………………………………………
(11)  x  y  7 y  x  = ………………………………………………
40
2nd idea (special case of 1st idea)
[2] Find by inspection the expansion of each of the following:
(1)  x  22 = ………………………………………………
(2)  x  32 = ………………………………………………
(3)  x  12 = ………………………………………………
(4)  x  12 = ………………………………………………
(5) 2 y  32 = ………………………………………………
(6) 4m  7 2 = ………………………………………………
(7) 3 x  y 2 = ………………………………………………
(8)  x  3 y 2 = ………………………………………………
(9) 2 x  3 y 2 = ………………………………………………
2
(10)  l  m  = ………………………………………………
(11)  4 x  7 2 = ………………………………………………
3rd idea special case of 1st idea
[3] Find by inspection the expansion of each of the following:
(1)  x  3   x  3 = ………………………………………………
(2)  x  4  x  4 = ………………………………………………
41
(3)  x  2  x  2 = ………………………………………………
(4) 4 m  7  4 m  7  = ………………………………………………
(5) 6 x  2 y  6 x  2 y  = ………………………………………………
(6) a 2

 a a2  a  = ………………………………………………
(7) 3 x 2
 
 5 y2 3 x 2  5 y2 = ………………………………………………
1 1 1 1 
(8)  x y   x  y  = ………………………………………………
2 3 2 3 

2
(1) The middle term in the expansion of 3 x  1 is ………
(a) 3 x (b) 6 x (c) 6 x (d) 6x 2
2
(2) The middle term in the expansion of 2a  3b  is ………
(a) 12 a b (b) 12 a b (c) 6 a b (d) 6 a b
2 2 2
(3) If 2 x  y   4 x  k x y  y , then k  ......
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 6
2
(4) If x  1 , then the numerical value of  x  1 is ………
(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
2 2
(5) If x 2  16 , y  9 and x y  12 , then  x  y   ......
(a) 49 (b) 165 (c) -1 (d) 1
2 2 2
(6) If  x  y   26 and x  y  20 , then x y  ......
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12
42
2 2
(7) If x  y  7 , then the numerical value of x  2 xy  y  ...
(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 49 (d) 28
2 2
(8) If x  y  3 and x  y  5 , then x  y  ......
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 8 (d) 15
4
(9) If x  3 , then  x  2   x  2   ......
2 2 2
4 4 4 4
(a) 2 (b)   2 (c)    4 (d)    4
3 3 3 3
2
(10) If  x  3  x  3  x  k , then k  ......
(a) 9 (b) 6 (c) -9 (d) -6
2 2
(11) If  x  y  2 x  y   2 x  k x y  y , then k  ......
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
[5] Multiply, then find the numerical value of the expression when
x  1 and y  2 :
(1) x  5 y x  5 y = ………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2) 3 x  y   x  3 y  = ………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3)  x  4  3 x  2 = ………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
43
2
[6] Reduce  x  y   2 x y , then find the numerical value of the
result when x  1 and y  2 :
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2
[7] Reduce 2 x  2    x  2   x  2  , then find the numerical value of
the result when x  1 :
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[8] Simplify to the simplest form 2a  3 2a  3  7 , then find the
numerical value of the result when a  1 :
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
44
[1] If the symbols in the following expressions are non-zero numbers,

find the quotient in each case:
(1) 5a  10 by 5 = ………………………………………………
(2) 4a 2  6a by 2a = ………………………………………………
(3) 12a 2 b  20a b 2 by 4a b = ………………………………………………
(4) 16a 3 b2  24a 2 b2 by 4a 2 b = ………………………………………………
(5) 12 x  15 y by 3 = ………………………………………………
(6) 24 x 3  18 x 2 by  6x 2 = ………………………………………………
(7) 60 x 6  48 x 10  12 x 3 by  12x 3 = ………………………………………………
(8) 32 x 5  48 x 3  72 x 7 by  8x 3 = ………………………………………………
[2] Find the quotient of each of the following:
26 x 2  14 x 4
(1) 2x
= ………………………………………………
18m 4  32m 2
(2) = ………………………………………………
 2m 2
48 x 3  80 x 2
(3) = ………………………………………………
8x2
9l 3 m 4  18l m 2
(4) = ………………………………………………
3l m 2
45
(1) x 2

 x  x  ...... , x  0
(a) zero (b) x (c) 2x  1 (d) x1
(2) 15a  5  5  ......

(a) 3a (b) 10a (c) 3a  1 (d) 4a
(3) 4a 3

 2a   2a   ...... , a  0
(a)  2a 2 (b)  2a 2  1 (c) 2a 2  1 (d) -1
(4) 15 x 4

 5 x 3  5 x 3  ......
(a) 3 x2  x (b) 5 x2  1 (c) 3x  1 (d) 4x4
(5) 3 x 2

y  ......  3 x y  x  2 y
(a) 6x (b) 6 x y2 (c) 6 y2 (d)  6 x y2
(6)
2 3
 3

If 6 x y  k x y  6 x  x y  12 y , x  0 , then k  ......
(a) -72 (b) -2 (c) 2 (d) 72
46
[1] Find the quotient of each of the following:

(1) x 2  5 x  6 by x  2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2) y 2  9 y  20 by y  4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(3) x 2  5 x  14 by x  7
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
47
(4) 2 x 2  13 x  15 by x  5
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(5) 3 x 2  2 x  8 by 3 x  4
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(6) x 2  6  x by x  2
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
48
2
 
[2] If the area of a rectangle is 15 x  11x  14 cm2 and its width is
3 x  2 cm. Calculate its length.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2
 
[3] If the area of a rectangle is 2 x  7 x  15 cm2 and its length is
 x  5 cm. Find its width and calculate its perimeter when x  3 .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
49
1st idea we take the repeated number or repeated symbol out
[1] Factorize each of the following by identifying the H.C.F.:
(1) 5a  5b = ………………………………………………
(2) 3x  3 y = ………………………………………………
(3) 7x y  7 y z = ………………………………………………
(4) 5a  5b  5c = ………………………………………………
(5) 3 x a  b   7 a  b  = ………………………………………………
(6) a a  3  b a  3 = ………………………………………………
(7)  x  4  x2   x  4  y2 = ………………………………………………
2nd idea if one of the two terms divisible by the other
(1) 5 y  10 = ………………………………………………
3 2
(2) 8 y  4 x = ………………………………………………
(3) 5a b  15b c = ………………………………………………
(4) 3 x 2  6 x = ………………………………………………
(5) 35a  10a 2 = ………………………………………………
(6) 4a b2  7 b3 = ………………………………………………
50
3 2
(7) 35 x y  5 x y = ………………………………………………
(8) 15a 3b  5a 2b2 = ………………………………………………
(1) 6a 3  4a 2b2 = ………………………………………………
(2) 6a  8b  10c = ………………………………………………
(3) x 3  2 x 2  5 x = ………………………………………………
2 2
(4) 2 x y  6 x y  2 y = ………………………………………………
(5) 9m 4 n2  6m 3n3  12m2n4 = ………………………………………………
(6)  2 x 5  4 x2  6 x  2 x 3 = ………………………………………………
2 2
(7) 18a b c  6a b c  30a b c = ………………………………………………
(8) 15a 3b 4  6a 5b3  3a 2b2 = ………………………………………………
(9) 14a x  y   21b x  y  = ………………………………………………
2
(10) 6a  x  1  8a  x  1 = ………………………………………………
2
(11) 3 x  x  7   2 x x  7   5 x  7  = ………………………………………………
2
(12) 4 m 2 x  y   3m2 x  y   72 x  y  = ………………………………………
51
[4] Find the result by identifying the H.C.F.:

(1) 48  45  48  55
= ………………………………………………
= ………………………………………………
(2) 7  123  7  35  7  18
= ………………………………………………
= ………………………………………………
(3) 15  17  15  13  15  30
= ………………………………………………
= ………………………………………………
(4) 2562  256  156
= ………………………………………………
= ………………………………………………
= ………………………………………………
2
(5) 6  15  18  15  8  15
= ………………………………………………
= ………………………………………………
= ………………………………………………
2
(6) 5  48  7  48  53  48
= ………………………………………………
= ………………………………………………
= ………………………………………………
52
[5] Complete:
2
(1) 6a  12a b  3a.....  .....
2 2
(2) a b  b a  ..... a  b 
(3) 3a  b   4b  a   ......a  b 
(4) x a  1  y a  1  a  1 .....  .....
(5) If a  b  3 , then 5a  5b  .....
(6) If 7 x  7 y  21 , then x  y  .....
(7) If 2 x  y  7 and a  b  3 , then 2 xa  b   ya  b   .....
(1) 3 x  9 x 2  ......
(a) 12 x (b) 6 x (c)  6x 2 (d) 3 x 1  3 x 
(2) 7 x 2  14 y 2  7 .......... ..

(a) x2  y2 (b) x2  2 y2 (c) 7 x2  y2 (d) x  2y
(3) 4 x 2 y 2  2 x y 2  4 x 2 y  ......2 xy  y  2 x 
(a) 4x y (b) 2x y (c) 2x (d) 2y
(4) 75 2  75  25  ......

(a) 75 (b) 750 (c) 7500 (d) 75000
(5) 8  82  8  ......
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 80 (d) 90
3 4 2 3
(6) The H.C.F. of the expression 12 x y  8 x y is …………
(a) 2 x 2 y 3 (b) 4 x 2 y 3 (c) 4 x 3 y 4 (d) 12 x 3 y 4
53
[1] Complete:
(1) The mode of a set of values is …………………………………………………………
(2) The mode of the values 6, 5, 7, 6 is ……………
(3) The mode of the values 2, 3, 8, 2, 9 is ……………
(4) The mode of the values 3, 6, 10, 13, 19, 19, 21 is ……………
(5) The mode of the values 5, 33, 5, 33, 3, 5 is ……………
(6) The mode of the values 8, 11, 5, 8, 4, 5, 4, 11, 4 is ……………
(7) If the mode of the values 4, a, 5, 3, is 3 then a = ………
1 1 1 1 1
(8) If the mode of the values , , , is then x = ………
3 7 5 7 x
(9) If the mode of the values 12, 7, x + 1, 7, 12 is 12 then x = ………
(10) If the mode of the values a+2, a+1, a+3, a+2 is 12 then a = ………
[2] The following frequency table represents the marks of 40 pupils

in an examination:
The mark 15 16 17 18 19 20
No. of pupils (frequency) 4 5 8 12 7 4
Find the mode mark.
54
[3] The following frequency table shows the number of studying hours
of 30 pupils in a week:
The number of studying hours 25 26 27 28 29 30
No. of pupils (frequency) 3 5 12 6 3 1
Find the mode number of studying hours.
[4] The following frequency table shows the maximum temperature

degree registered in some arabic capitals:
Temperature degree 18 19 20 21 22 23
No. of captials (frequency) 3 2 4 6 2 1
(1) Represent these data by bar charts graph.
(2) Find the mode number of temperature degrees.
55

(1) The median of: 4, 8, 3 is ………
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 8
(2) The median of: 6, 5, 9, 8 is ………

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 7.5
(3) The median of: 8, 17, 4, 6, 10 is ………

(a) 11 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 6
(4) The median of: 3, 7, 2, 9, 5, 11 is ………

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 12
(5) The median of: 25, 32, 28, 40, 50, 58, 50 is ………
(a) 40 (b) 45 (c) 50 (d) 58
(6) The median of: 2, 5, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 21 is ………

(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 16
(7) The order of the median of: 6, 2, 5, 4, 1 is ………

(a) 1st (b) 2nd (c) 3rd (d) 4th
(8) If the order of the median of a number of ordered values is the

third, then the number of these values is ………
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

fifth, then the number of these values is ………
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 3

fourteenth, then the number of these values is ………
(a) 17 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 27
56
[1] Choose the correct answer from the given ones:

(1) The mean of: 5, 12, 6, 17 is ………
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 10
(2) The mean of: 2, 5, 8, 9, 14, 28 is ………
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 11
(3) The mean of: 3, zero, 4, 6, 7 is ………
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
(4) The mean of: 2-a, 4, 1, 5, 3+a is ………
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 15
(5) The mean of: x+y, 9-y, -x is ………
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 2 (d) zero
(6) The mean of: x, x-y, y-x is ………
(a) x y (b) y (c) x
(d) x
2 2 3
(7) If the mean of: 9, 4, 5, x is 5, then x = ………

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
(8) If the mean of: 3, 4, 8, a, a+2 is 15, then a = ………
(a) 29 (b) 58 (c) 75 (d) 17
(9) If the mean of: x-1, x, x+1 is 6, then x = ………
(a) 18 (b) 9 (c) 15 (d) 6
(10) If the mean of marks of 5 students is 20, then the sum of their
marks is ……… marks
(a) 4 (b) 15 (c) 25 (d) 100
(11) If the mean of two ages of Hanan and Wesam is 7 years old and
age of Hanan is 8 years old, then the age of Wesam is …… years
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 15
(12) If the mean of side lengths of a triangle is 8 cm, then the
peremeter of the triangle is ……… cm
(a) 8 (b) 18 (c) 24 (d) 15
57
[2] If the heights of 5 students in grade 1 prep. in cm. are 124, 130, 122,
126, 128, calculate the mean height of those students.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3] If the number of goals registered by a team in 6 matches are 3, 2, 0,

6, 1, 6, calculate the mean of the number of goals.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[4] This table shows the number of hours that the two athletes trained
in each month of the year:
Gamal 75 72 68 46 57 66 63 70 58 30 48 53
Ali 62 64 54 52 63 68 56 65 70 50 49 57
(1) Calculate the mean of the number of training hours of Gamal.
(2) Calculate the mean of the number of training hours of Ali.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
58
59
[1] The line segment:
It is the set of points between two distinct points and denoted by
AB or BA A C B D
AB  6 cm , C  AB , D  AB
[2] The ray:
It is a line segment extended from only one of its terminals infintly
and denoted by AB E A B C D
C  AB , D  AB , E  AB , AB  AB , AB  BA
[3] The straight line:
It is a line segment extended from its two terminals infinitely and
denoted by AB or BA E A B C D
C  AB , D  AB , E  AB , AB  AB  AB
[4] The plane:
A plane is a flat unbounded surface and it is extended without limit
in all directions.
[5] The angle:
It is the union of two rays having the same starting point (vertex of
the angle) the two rays are called two sides of the angle.
A
ABC , CBA or B side
BC  BA  ABC B side
vertex C
60
Types of angles:
(1) Zero angle: Its measure = 0o.
(2) Acute angle: 0o < its measure < 90o.
(3) Right angle: Its measure = 90o.
(4) Obtuse angle: 90o < its measure < 180o.
(5) Straight angle: Its measure = 180o.
(6) Reflex angle: 180o < its measure < 360o.

115o 46
m B  50o …… 105o …… 179o …… ……
o
200 19 30
m reflex B  …… 330o …… 237o …… 350o ……
[2] Mention the type of the angle whose measure is as follows:
(1) 57o ………………… (2) 117o …………………
(3) 90o ………………… (4) 200o …………………

1o
(5) 180o ………………… (6) 43 …………………
2
2o
(7) 179o 62 ………………… (8) 90 …………………
5
[3] From the opposite figure,

complete using (), (), () or ():
(1) A ……… DC (2) D ……… AC E
(3) C ……… AB (4) A ………  EBC
(5) DC ……… AB (6) BC ……… BA D C B A
(7) BA ……… DC (8) AC ……… AD
61
And the two outer sides are perpendicular
[1] Write the measure of the angle which complements each of the
angles whose measures are as follow:
(1) 30o ………………… (2) 60o …………………
(3) 48o ………………… (4) 0o …………………

o
(5) 90o ………………… (6) 22
1 …………………
2
o
(7) 25 o 30 ………………… (8) 1 …………………
53
4
[2] In each of the following figures BA  BC , Complete:
62
Two angles are said to be supplementary if their sum is 180o.
[3] Write the measure of the angle which supplements each of the
angles whose measures are as follow:
(1) 20o ………………… (2) 90o …………………
(3) 152o ………………… (4) 0o …………………

o
(5) 180o ………………… (6) 92
1 …………………
2
(7) 141o 24 ………………… (8) 10o …………………
[4] In each of the following figures C  AB , Complete:
63
[5] In each of the following figures, state if CA and CB are on the

same straight line or not, and why?
…………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………………

…………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………………

…………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………………
…………………………………… …………………………………… ……………………………………
64
[6] Complete the following:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
65
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
66
[1] In each figure, find the measure of the required angle:
67
[2] In each figure, find the measure of the required angle:
68
[3] Complete:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
The angle bisector:

It is the ray that divides the angle into two halves.
(1)
(2)
69
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
[4] Answer the following:
(1) In the opposite figure:
70
71
(1) Two line segments are congruent if they are equal in length.
if AB  XY then AB  XY .
(2) Two angles are congruent if they are equal in measure.

if m A  m B  then A  B .
(3) Two polygons are congruent if each side and each angle in one
of them are congruent to their corresponding elements in the
other.
(4) Two squares are congruent of the side length of one of them
is congruent to the side length of the other.
(5) Two rectangles are congruent if the dimensions of one of

them are congruent to the dimensions of the other.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
72
(11)
(12)
73
 To test whether two triangles are congruent or not, you don't need to
test all the three sides and the three angles.
The cases of congruence of two triangles

Case (1) Case (2) Case (3) Case (4)
Hypotenuse and one
Two sides and the Two angles and one
Three sides side in the right-
included angle side
angled triangle
S. A. S. A. S. A. S. S. S. R. H. S.
Two triangles are Two triangles are Two triangles are Two right-angled
congruent if two congruent if two congruent if each triangles are
sides and the angles and the side side of one triangle is congruent if the
included angle of one drawn between their congruent to the hypotenuse and a side
triangle are vertices of one corresponding side of of one triangle are
congruent to the triangle are the other triangle congruent to the
corresponding parts congruent to the corresponding parts
of the other triangle corresponding parts of the other triangle
of the other triangle
74
Prove that  A B C   D E F
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
75
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
76
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1] In each of the following figures, show if the two triangles are
congruent or not. If they are congruent, name the case of
congruence. If they aren't congruent, give reason. (given that the
similar signs denoted the congruency of the elements marked by these
signs).
77
78
79
(1)
80
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
81
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
82
Angles Formed from two straight lines and a transversal:
If a straight line N cuts two straight

lines L and M as shown in the opposite
figure, then we get eight angles.
We can classify these angles into pairs
of angles:
 Alternate angles.
 Corresponding angles.
 Interior angles on the same side
of the transversal.
As follows
(1) Pairs of alternate angles:
(2) Pairs of corresponding angles:
(3) Pairs of interior angles on the same side of the transversal
83
Relation between pairs of angles formed from two

parallel straight lines and a transversal to them
If a straight line intersects two parallel lines, then:
(1) Each two alternate angles are equal in measure.
(2) Each two corresponding angles are equal in measure.
(3) Each two interior angles in the same side of the transversal are
supplementary.
In each of the following figures, find the measure of the angle

which is marked by (?) giving reason:
(3)
(1) (2)
………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………………

………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………………
(4) (5) (6)

………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………………
………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………………
84
The condition of parallelism of two straight lines

The two straight lines are parallel if a third straight line intersects them
(as a transversal) and one of the following cases satisfied:
(1) Two alternate angles have the same measure.
(2) Two corresponding angles have the same measure.
(3) Two interior angles in the same side of the transversal are
supplementary.
In each of the following figures, why is AB // CD ?
(3)
(1) (2)
………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………………
………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………………
………………………………………… ………………………………………… …………………………………………
Geometric facts
(1) The perpendicular to one of two parallel straight lines is
perpendicular to the other.
(2) If two straight lines are perpendicular to a third one, then the
two straight lines are parallel.
(3) If two straight lines are parallel to a third one, then the two
straight lines are parallel.
(4) If parallel straight lines divide a straight line into segments of
equal lengths, then they divide any other line into segments of
equal lengths.
85
If L1 // L2 // L3 // L4,
and M1 and M2 are two transversal
in which:
AB = BC = CD,
then:
EF = FG = GH
Complete using the given shown in the following figures:
DY = …………… cm AC = ………… cm AC = ………… cm
86
87
[2] Complete:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
88
89
[4] Find the value of x:
90
First: Constructing a perpendicular from a point outside a straight line:
Steps:
Step (1) Step (2) Step (3)
Second: Constructing a perpendicular from a point on a straight line:
Steps:
91
The axis of symmetry of a line segment

It is the straight line perpendicular to it from its midpoint.
Third: Bisecting a given line segment:
Steps:
Fourth: Bisecting a given angle:
Steps:
92
Fifth: Constructing an angle to be congruent to a given angle:
Steps:
Step (4) Step (5)
93
Sixth: Drawing a straight line from a given point parallel to given straight line:
Steps:
Step (1) Step (2)
94
95
96

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Mathematics 1st Prep 1st term

 The set of counting numbers C = { 1, 2, 3, 4, … }

 The set of natural numbers N = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, … }

 The set of integer numbers Z = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, … }

written as a fraction and its denoted by Q, this fraction whose

numerator is an integer and whose denominator is an integer except

zero because (division by zero meaningless)

(c) 6.5 (d) – 1.8

(k)  4 zero (l) 13%

[2] Show which of the following numbers is integer:

[3] Solve the following equations:

[5] Complete the following table:

Expresses a rational no. if x  ... …… …… …… ……

[6] Complete the following table:

Equals to zero if x  ...... …… …… …… ……

(1) -5 (2) zero

(3) 0.75 (4) - 0.01

(5) 5.4 (6) 30%

[8] Which of the following numbers can be written as a terminating

[9] Write each rational number as a decimal and a percentage:

The number The decimal form The percentage form

[10] Put each of the following numbers in the simplest form:

2 4 ... ... 4 8 ... ...

12 ... ... 35 ... ...

[12] Choose the correct answer:

(6) 12%  .....

[1] Complete using (<), (>) or (=):

[2] Put the suitable sign using (<), (>) or (=):

[3] Arrange the following rational numbers in a descending order:

[4] Arrange the following rational numbers in an ascending order:

[5] Write a rational number in each of the following:

[6] Write two rational numbers lying between:

[7] Write four rational numbers lying between:

(3) Zero and 3 ………………………………………

[8] If a = 3 and b = 5, which of the following numbers is rational

Properties of the addition operation in Q:

(2) Commutative property:

(3) Associative property:

(4) Additive identity:

(5) Additive inverse:

Properties of the subtraction operation in Q:

(8) The additive inverse of zero is …………

[6] Choose the correct answer:

Properties of the Multiplication operation in Q:

(2) Commutative property:

(3) Associative property:

(4) Multiplicative identity:

(5) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal of the number):

 Multiplying any rational number by zero equals to zero.

(6) Distribution property:

(4) The multiplicative inverse of -6 is …………

(6) The multiplicative inverse of 0.5 is …………

(7) The multiplicative inverse of 1 is …………

(8) The multiplicative inverse of -1 is …………

(11) The rational number that has no multiplicative inverse is

(1) Every rational number has a multiplicative inverse. ( )

(2) The multiplicative inverse of a rational number is an integer. ( )

The number The additive inverse The multiplicative inverse

0.5 ……… ………