509.2.

2 Filled Composite Columns nbars = 3

fy = 248 MPa dbars = 10
Es = 200000 MPa
Fy = 276.5 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
Ec = 21383.7 MPa
HSS : Pipe4SCH40
OD = 114.3 mm
ID = 102 mm
tdesign = 5.61 mm
1910 mm
2
Asection =
2840000 mm
4
Is =
Asr = 235.62 mm2
Isr = 1472.62 mm
4

Ac = 8171.28 mm2
Isr = 0.00 mm
4

k= 0.80 (pinned to fix)

L= 5.90 m
509.2.2.1 Limitations
1. ρs = 2.30% > 1.00% OK
2. for Rectangular HSS only
3. D/t = 20.4 < 0.15E/Fy OK

509.2.2.2 Compressive Strength

= 699.52 kN

C2 = 0.95

= 568451783.40 N.mm^2

C3 = 0.9

= 251.83 kN

= 307.79 kN >
therefore,
= 220.86 kN

φc = 0.75
φcPn = 165.64 kN
 Pipe26STD
Pipe24SCH20
Pipe20SCH20
Pipe18STD
Pipe16SCH30
Pipe14SCH30
Pipe12STD
Pipe10SCH40
Pipe8SCH40
Pipe6SCH40
Pipe5SCH40
Pipe4SCH40
Pipe3-1/2SCH40
Pipe3SCH40
Pipe2-1/2SCH40
Pipe2SCH40
Pipe1-1/2SCH40
Pipe1-1/4SCH40
Pipe1SCH40
Pipe3/4SCH40
Pipe1/2SCH40
Pipe26SCH20
Pipe24XS
Pipe20SCH30
Pipe18XS
Pipe16SCH40
Pipe14XS
Pipe12XS
Pipe10SCH80
Pipe8SCH80
Pipe6SCH80
Pipe5SCH80
Pipe4SCH80
Pipe3-1/2SCH80
Pipe3SCH80
Pipe2-1/2SCH80
Pipe2SCH80
Pipe1-1/2SCH80
Pipe1-1/4SCH80
Pipe1SCH80
Pipe3/4SCH80
Pipe1/2SCH80
Pipe12SCH120
Pipe10SCH140
Pipe8XXS
Pipe6XXS
Pipe5XXS
Pipe4XXS
Pipe3XXS
Pipe2-1/2XXS
Pipe2XXS
(509.2-13)

(509.2-14)

(509.2-15)

(509.2-5)

(509.2-3)
Dpile = 100 mm
f'c-grout = 21 MPa
Agrout = 7853.98 mm2
Fy-steel-case = 248 MPa
Fy-steel-reinf = 276.5 MPa
Areinf = 235.62 mm2
Acasing = 1910 mm2
Scasing = 49700 mm3
Icasing = 2840000 mm4
E = 200000 MPa

= 319.22 kN

= 296.36 kN

= 0.17 20.120724346
+ = 0.149569
116.56 135.82680775
= 39.77 MPa
L12X12X1-3/8 33.3
L12X12X1-1/4 31.1
L12X12X1-1/8 29.0
L12X12X1 26.5
L10X10X1-3/8 22.0
L10X10X1-1/4 20.5
L10X10X1-1/8 19.1
L10X10X1 17.4
L10X10X7/8 15.9
L10X10X3/4 14.3
L8X8X1-1/8 12.0
L8X8X1 11.0
L8X8X7/8 10.0
L8X8X3/4 8.91
L8X8X5/8 7.73
L8X8X9/16 7.06
L8X8X1/2 6.45
L8X6X1 7.61
L8X6X7/8 6.70
L8X6X3/4 5.85
L8X6X5/8 4.91
L8X6X9/16 4.46
L8X6X1/2 3.98
L8X6X7/16 3.52
L8X4X1 3.45
L8X4X7/8 3.04
L8X4X3/4 2.65
L8X4X5/8 2.24
L8X4X9/16 2.03
L8X4X1/2 1.82
L8X4X7/16 1.61
L7X4X3/4 2.56
L7X4X5/8 2.17
L7X4X1/2 1.75
L7X4X7/16 1.55
L7X4X3/8 1.33
L6X6X1 5.67
L6X6X7/8 5.20
L6X6X3/4 4.64
L6X6X5/8 4.04
L6X6X9/16 3.71
L6X6X1/2 3.42
L6X6X7/16 3.03
L6X6X3/8 2.71
L6X6X5/16 2.30
 L6X4X7/8 2.91
L6X4X3/4 2.50
L6X4X5/8 2.12
L6X4X9/16 1.91
L6X4X1/2 1.72
L6X4X7/16 1.51
L6X4X3/8 1.31
L6X4X5/16 1.09
L6X3-1/2X1/2 1.34
L6X3-1/2X3/8 1.02
L6X3-1/2X5/16 0.859
L5X5X7/8 3.44
L5X5X3/4 3.05
L5X5X5/8 2.70
L5X5X1/2 2.31
L5X5X7/16 2.04
L5X5X3/8 1.83
L5X5X5/16 1.57
L5X3-1/2X3/4 1.90
L5X3-1/2X5/8 1.59
L5X3-1/2X1/2 1.30
L5X3-1/2X3/8 0.983
L5X3-1/2X5/16 0.826
L5X3-1/2X1/4 0.665
L5X3X1/2 0.957
L5X3X7/16 0.840
L5X3X3/8 0.727
L5X3X5/16 0.608
L5X3X1/4 0.491
L4X4X3/4 1.81
L4X4X5/8 1.60
L4X4X1/2 1.35
L4X4X7/16 1.22
L4X4X3/8 1.08
L4X4X5/16 0.930
L4X4X1/4 0.778
L4X3-1/2X1/2 1.16
L4X3-1/2X3/8 0.939
L4X3-1/2X5/16 0.806
L4X3-1/2X1/4 0.653
L4X3X5/8 1.13
L4X3X1/2 0.929
L4X3X3/8 0.699
L4X3X5/16 0.590
L4X3X1/4 0.474
L3-1/2X3-1/2X1/2 1.02
L3-1/2X3-1/2X7/16 0.911
L3-1/2X3-1/2X3/8 0.830
L3-1/2X3-1/2X5/16 0.713
L3-1/2X3-1/2X1/4 0.594
L3-1/2X3X1/2 0.846
L3-1/2X3X7/16 0.773
L3-1/2X3X3/8 0.693
L3-1/2X3X5/16 0.602
L3-1/2X3X1/4 0.486
L3-1/2X2-1/2X1/2 0.651
L3-1/2X2-1/2X3/8 0.499
L3-1/2X2-1/2X5/16 0.418
L3-1/2X2-1/2X1/4 0.341
L3X3X1/2 0.704
L3X3X7/16 0.638
L3X3X3/8 0.573
L3X3X5/16 0.497
L3X3X1/4 0.415
L3X3X3/16 0.324
L3X2-1/2X1/2 0.568
L3X2-1/2X7/16 0.521
L3X2-1/2X3/8 0.463
L3X2-1/2X5/16 0.403
L3X2-1/2X1/4 0.329
L3X2-1/2X3/16 0.246
L3X2X1/2 0.411
L3X2X3/8 0.313
L3X2X5/16 0.263
L3X2X1/4 0.214
L3X2X3/16 0.163
L2-1/2X2-1/2X1/2 0.461
L2-1/2X2-1/2X3/8 0.374
L2-1/2X2-1/2X5/16 0.325
L2-1/2X2-1/2X1/4 0.273
L2-1/2X2-1/2X3/16 0.215
L2-1/2X2X3/8 0.295
L2-1/2X2X5/16 0.261
L2-1/2X2X1/4 0.213
L2-1/2X2X3/16 0.162
L2-1/2X1-1/2X1/4 0.120
L2-1/2X1-1/2X3/16 0.0906
L2X2X3/8 0.227
L2X2X5/16 0.200
L2X2X1/4 0.171
L2X2X3/16 0.137
L2X2X1/8 0.100
 Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Node : 1
Node L/C Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN Reaction = 152.475
1 1 EX -8.622 -62.856 -3.699 152.475 1 No of Piles = 1 306.717
2 EZ -0.09 -41.454 -11.871 153.3585
3 DL 0.863 51.168 1.463
4 LL 0.087 2.49 0.021
5 GENERAT 1.208 71.636 2.049
6 GENERAT 1.174 65.386 1.79
7 GENERAT -9.51 -4.666 -2.536
8 GENERAT 1.156 22.087 -12.751
9 GENERAT 12.046 152.475 6.713
10 GENERA 1.38 125.722 16.928
11 GENERA -9.553 -5.911 -2.546
12 GENERA 1.113 20.841 -12.761
13 GENERA 12.003 151.23 6.702
14 GENERA 1.337 124.477 16.917
15 GENERA -10.192 -43.776 -3.629
16 GENERA 0.474 -17.023 -13.844
17 GENERA 11.365 113.365 5.619
18 GENERA 0.699 86.612 15.834
2 1 EX -28.85 25.051 -1.627 151.912 1
2 EZ -2.017 -10.347 -2.62
3 DL 1.01 82.793 1.532
4 LL 0.096 6.066 0.194
5 GENERAT 1.414 115.91 2.145
6 GENERAT 1.366 109.057 2.149
7 GENERAT -34.58 151.912 0.239
8 GENERAT -1.039 107.665 -1.003
9 GENERAT 37.545 89.285 4.306
10 GENERA 4.004 133.533 5.548
11 GENERA -34.628 148.879 0.142
12 GENERA -1.087 104.632 -1.099
13 GENERA 37.497 86.252 4.21
14 GENERA 3.956 130.5 5.451
15 GENERA -35.376 87.613 -0.992
16 GENERA -1.834 43.365 -2.233
17 GENERA 36.75 24.985 3.076
18 GENERA 3.208 69.233 4.317
4 1 EX -9.273 0.386 0.133 212.811 2
2 EZ -0.069 -60.662 -17.776
3 DL 0.144 94.527 2.489
4 LL 0.03 5.511 0.292
5 GENERAT 0.202 132.338 3.485
6 GENERAT 0.22 122.25 3.454
7 GENERAT -11.372 137.466 3.847
 8 GENERAT 0.133 61.157 -18.539
9 GENERAT 11.811 136.501 3.514
10 GENERA 0.306 212.811 25.9
11 GENERA -11.387 134.711 3.701
12 GENERA 0.118 58.401 -18.685
13 GENERA 11.796 133.746 3.368
14 GENERA 0.291 210.055 25.754
15 GENERA -11.494 64.761 1.859
16 GENERA 0.011 -11.549 -20.527
17 GENERA 11.69 63.796 1.526
18 GENERA 0.184 140.105 23.912
6 1 EX -8.429 -0.539 -4.384 188.272 2
2 EZ 0.272 25.015 -17.662
3 DL 3.136 106.356 2.064
4 LL 0.696 11.958 0.181
5 GENERAT 4.391 148.898 2.89
6 GENERAT 4.877 146.759 2.766
7 GENERAT -5.735 156.33 -2.458
8 GENERAT 5.141 188.272 -19.055
9 GENERAT 15.337 157.678 8.502
10 GENERA 4.462 125.736 25.099
11 GENERA -6.083 150.351 -2.548
12 GENERA 4.793 182.294 -19.146
13 GENERA 14.989 151.699 8.411
14 GENERA 4.114 119.757 25.009
15 GENERA -8.403 71.648 -4.076
16 GENERA 2.472 103.59 -20.673
17 GENERA 12.669 72.996 6.884
18 GENERA 1.793 41.053 23.481
7 1 EX -12.584 0.045 0.173 306.717 2
2 EZ -0.542 25.004 -25.016
3 DL -0.156 187.916 1.736
4 LL -0.031 17.241 0.146
5 GENERAT -0.218 263.083 2.431
6 GENERAT -0.236 253.085 2.318
7 GENERAT -15.966 275.518 2.755
8 GENERAT -0.914 306.717 -28.732
9 GENERAT 15.493 275.405 2.322
10 GENERA 0.441 244.206 33.809
11 GENERA -15.951 266.897 2.682
12 GENERA -0.899 298.096 -28.805
13 GENERA 15.508 266.785 2.249
14 GENERA 0.457 235.586 33.736
15 GENERA -15.836 127.839 1.397
16 GENERA -0.784 159.038 -30.09
 17 GENERA 15.624 127.727 0.964
18 GENERA 0.572 96.528 32.451
8 1 EX -12.338 -13.275 -2.862 187.074 2
2 EZ 0.38 20.338 -9.83
3 DL 4.134 111.141 -4.383
4 LL 0.356 7.662 -0.363
5 GENERAT 5.787 155.598 -6.136
6 GENERAT 5.531 145.629 -5.841
7 GENERAT -9.374 145.058 -9.984
8 GENERAT 6.522 187.074 -18.694
9 GENERAT 21.47 178.245 -2.828
10 GENERA 5.573 136.229 5.883
11 GENERA -9.552 141.227 -9.802
12 GENERA 6.344 183.243 -18.512
13 GENERA 21.292 174.414 -2.646
14 GENERA 5.395 132.398 6.064
15 GENERA -12.611 58.982 -6.559
16 GENERA 3.285 100.999 -15.269
17 GENERA 18.233 92.17 0.598
18 GENERA 2.336 50.153 9.308
9 1 EX -17.816 1.164 0.105 292.738 2
2 EZ -0.455 38.427 -14.749
3 DL 0.116 170.047 -2.247
4 LL 0.025 6.476 0.069
5 GENERAT 0.163 238.066 -3.146
6 GENERAT 0.18 214.418 -2.586
7 GENERAT -22.093 246.16 -3.025
8 GENERAT -0.391 292.738 -21.592
9 GENERAT 22.448 243.25 -3.287
10 GENERA 0.746 196.672 15.28
11 GENERA -22.105 242.922 -3.06
12 GENERA -0.404 289.5 -21.626
13 GENERA 22.435 240.012 -3.321
14 GENERA 0.734 193.433 15.245
15 GENERA -22.191 117.087 -1.397
16 GENERA -0.49 163.665 -19.964
17 GENERA 22.349 114.177 -1.658
18 GENERA 0.648 67.599 16.908
11 1 EX -3.949 -20.014 -1.844 110.294 1
2 EZ 0.047 -1.828 -10.948
3 DL 0.234 57.606 0.192
4 LL -0.001 6.953 0.095
5 GENERAT 0.327 80.648 0.269
6 GENERAT 0.278 80.251 0.383
7 GENERAT -4.604 60.259 -1.984
 8 GENERAT 0.39 82.992 -13.365
9 GENERAT 5.267 110.294 2.625
10 GENERA 0.273 87.561 14.006
11 GENERA -4.603 56.782 -2.031
12 GENERA 0.391 79.515 -13.412
13 GENERA 5.268 106.818 2.578
14 GENERA 0.274 84.084 13.959
15 GENERA -4.777 14.154 -2.174
16 GENERA 0.218 36.887 -13.555
17 GENERA 5.095 64.19 2.435
18 GENERA 0.101 41.456 13.816
46 1 EX -8.629 63.078 3.739 153.52 1
2 EZ 0.144 -41.616 -11.825
3 DL -0.756 51.673 1.671
4 LL -0.065 2.595 0.064
5 GENERAT -1.059 72.342 2.339
6 GENERAT -1.011 66.158 2.107
7 GENERAT -11.893 153.52 7.078
8 GENERAT -0.926 22.653 -12.377
9 GENERAT 9.68 -4.175 -2.269
10 GENERA -1.286 126.692 17.186
11 GENERA -11.86 152.223 7.046
12 GENERA -0.894 21.356 -12.409
13 GENERA 9.712 -5.473 -2.301
14 GENERA -1.254 125.395 17.154
15 GENERA -11.301 113.985 5.81
16 GENERA -0.334 -16.882 -13.646
17 GENERA 10.272 -43.71 -3.538
18 GENERA -0.694 87.157 15.918
47 1 EX -28.907 -24.965 1.677 151.567 1
2 EZ 2.256 -11.31 -2.789
3 DL -0.881 82.635 1.661
4 LL -0.07 6.036 0.221
5 GENERAT -1.234 115.689 2.326
6 GENERAT -1.17 108.82 2.347
7 GENERAT -37.42 89.153 4.566
8 GENERAT 1.533 106.222 -1.016
9 GENERAT 34.848 151.567 0.374
10 GENERA -4.106 134.498 5.956
11 GENERA -37.385 86.135 4.455
12 GENERA 1.568 103.204 -1.127
13 GENERA 34.883 148.548 0.263
14 GENERA -4.071 131.479 5.845
15 GENERA -36.733 24.985 3.226
16 GENERA 2.22 42.054 -2.356
 17 GENERA 35.535 87.399 -0.966
18 GENERA -3.419 70.33 4.616
49 1 EX -8.442 0.499 4.474 184.372 2
2 EZ 0.119 22.807 -17.648
3 DL -3.075 105.605 2.411
4 LL -0.684 11.809 0.252
5 GENERAT -4.305 147.846 3.376
6 GENERAT -4.785 145.62 3.297
7 GENERAT -15.261 156.487 9.143
8 GENERAT -4.56 184.372 -18.511
9 GENERAT 5.844 155.239 -2.043
10 GENERA -4.857 127.354 25.61
11 GENERA -14.919 150.582 9.017
12 GENERA -4.218 178.467 -18.637
13 GENERA 6.186 149.335 -2.169
14 GENERA -4.515 121.449 25.484
15 GENERA -12.644 72.435 7.232
16 GENERA -1.942 100.32 -20.421
17 GENERA 8.462 71.187 -3.953
18 GENERA -2.24 43.302 23.7
50 1 EX -12.37 13.429 2.9 185.903 2
2 EZ -0.013 18.085 -9.798
3 DL -4.509 112.219 -4.152
4 LL -0.435 7.89 -0.316
5 GENERAT -6.313 157.107 -5.813
6 GENERAT -6.107 147.287 -5.487
7 GENERAT -22.083 180.083 -2.428
8 GENERAT -6.637 185.903 -18.301
9 GENERAT 8.842 146.51 -9.679
10 GENERA -6.604 140.69 6.194
11 GENERA -21.866 176.138 -2.27
12 GENERA -6.419 181.958 -18.143
13 GENERA 9.059 142.565 -9.521
14 GENERA -6.387 136.745 6.352
15 GENERA -18.529 93.096 0.802
16 GENERA -3.082 98.916 -15.071
17 GENERA 12.396 59.522 -6.449
18 GENERA -3.05 53.703 9.424
51 1 EX -3.945 17.998 1.215 103.447 1
2 EZ -0.031 17.54 -11.621
3 DL -0.259 54.782 -4.439
4 LL -0.004 6.319 -0.857
5 GENERAT -0.363 76.694 -6.214
6 GENERAT -0.317 75.848 -6.698
7 GENERAT -5.301 103.447 -5.213
8 GENERAT -0.408 102.875 -21.258
9 GENERAT 4.561 58.452 -8.25
10 GENERA -0.331 59.024 7.795
11 GENERA -5.299 100.288 -4.785
12 GENERA -0.407 99.715 -20.83
13 GENERA 4.563 55.293 -7.822
14 GENERA -0.329 55.865 8.223
15 GENERA -5.107 59.749 -1.5
16 GENERA -0.215 59.177 -17.545
17 GENERA 4.755 14.754 -4.537
18 GENERA -0.138 15.326 11.508
Capacity/Pile : 165.64
Depth N Value Su α p L Pn
0 0 0 0 0.314159 0 0 9
0.45 9 57 1.09 0.314159 0.45 8.783422 11
0.9 11 71 1.07 0.314159 0.45 10.74001 9
1.35 9 57 1.09 0.314159 0.45 8.783422 10
1.8 10 64 1.08 0.314159 0.45 9.77161 18
2.25 18 120 1.02 0.314159 0.45 17.30389 24
3 24 155 0.61 0.314159 0.75 22.27782 30
4.5 30 200 0.55 0.314159 1.5 51.83628 45
6 45 200 0.55 0.314159 1.5 51.83628 19.5
181.3327

A= 0.007854
Pp= 14.14 kN
Pu= 195.47 kN
 DESIGN OF PILE CAP
fc' = 21 MPa
db-pile cap = 12 mm
fy = 276.5 MPa 1150 mm

φVc = φ0.17λf'c0.5bwd 700 mm

φ= 0.75

φVc = 408.9949 d
200 750 200
408.9949 d = 153358.5
d = 374.9644 mm 306.717 kN
t= d + Cc + 75mm
t= 455.9644 mm
say t= 455 mm

455 mm

153.3585 kN 153.3585 kN
 12/06/2023

DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL (CMU)

1. INPUT DATA
1.1 Section properties
Pile diameter Dpile = 100 mm
Pile cap size, x L= 1150 mm
Pile cap size, y B= 700 mm
Pile cap thickness t= 465 mm
Column size, x Cx = 300 mm
Column size, y Cy = 150 mm
Pile distance z= 750 mm
Concrete Cover Cc = 75 mm
Pile center to edge distance e= 150 mm
Reinforcement diameter dbar = 16 mm 306.72

1.2 Material properties

Concrete strength fc' = 20.7 MPa
Rebar yield stress fy = 276.5 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity Es = 200000 MPa

1.3 Loading 465

Ultimate applied axial force Pu = 306.72 kN
Resisting shear force due to axial force Pu/2 = Ru = 153.36 kN
SECTION
2. ANALYSIS 153.36 153.36
2.1 Check one-way shear capacity
T 421.2.1 Reduction factor for shear φ= 0.75 1
Concrete modification factor λ= 1.0
Effective depth d= 382 mm
Length of section 1-1 L1-1 = 700 mm
Vu = 153.36 kN
provision? One way shear capacity/unit length φVc = φ0.17λfc'bwd 0.5d
φVc = 155.12 kN 1
φVc > Vu OK
491
2.1 Check two-way/punching shear capacity on column
T 421.2.1 Reduction factor for shear φ= 0.75 bo
Concrete modification factor λ= 1.0
341

Effective depth d= 382 mm

Critical perimeter bo = 2(Cx+d)+2*(Cy+d) = 1664 mm
provision? β = Cx /Cy = 2
αs = 40

22/38
 12/06/2023

vu = 306.72 kN
T 421.6.5.2 Two way shear capacity (a) φvc = φ0.33λfc0.5bod
φvc = 715.78 kN
T 421.6.5.2 Two way shear capacity (b) φvc = φ0.17[1+(2/β)]λfc0.5bod
φvc = 737.47 kN
T 421.6.5.2 Two way shear capacity (c) φvc = φ0.083[2+(αsd/bo)]λfc0.5bod
φvc = 2013.20 kN
φvc = min(φvc_a,φvc_b,φvc_c) = 715.78 kN
φvc > vu OK

2.1 Check two-way/punching shear capacity on a single pile

T 421.2.1 Reduction factor for shear φ= 0.75 diameter for critical perimeter
Concrete modification factor λ= 1.0
Effective depth d= 382 mm
Punching arc angle θ= 180 ° θ

Critical perimeter bo = (Dpile + d)*θ*(π/180) = 1514.24766 mm

vu = 153.36 kN
T 421.6.5.2 Two way shear capacity (a) φvc = φ0.33λfc0.5bod
φvc = 651.36 kN pile diameter
φvc > vu OK

3. DESIGN
3.1 Reinforcement for flexure
***Along long span 425
T 421.2.1 Reduction factor for flexure φ= 0.90 2
Moment at critical section Mu1-1 = 65.18 kN-m
effective depth d= 382 mm
β1 = 0.85 - 0.05[(fc'-28)/7] ≥ 0.65, ≤ 0.85 = 0.85
Ru = Mu/φbd2 = 0.7089727
ρmax = (3/7)β1(0.85fc'/fy) = 0.02318122
ρreqd = (0.85fc'/fy){1-[1-(2Ru/0.85fc')]0.5} = 0.0026179
ρmin = max [(1.4/fy),(0.25*(fc') /fy)] = 0.00506329
0.5
2
Use ρ = 0.00506329
Required steel area As = ρbd = 1353.92 mm2
Number of bars N = 7pcs - φ16mm TB & BB
T 424.3.2 Spacing S, check with code max. spacing = 149 mm < 389.72 mm OK
S 425.2.1 Spacing S, check with code min. spacing = 149 mm > 50.00 mm OK

***Along short span

ρmin = max [(1.4/fy),(0.25*(fc')0.5/fy)] = 0.00506329

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Required steel area As = ρbd = 2177.72 mm2

Number of bars N = 11pcs - φ16mm TB & BB
T 424.3.2 Spacing S, check with code max. spacing = 93 mm < 389.72 mm OK
S 425.2.1 Spacing S, check with code min. spacing = 93 mm < 50.00 mm OK

3.2 Development length

ψt = 1.0
ψe = 1.0
ld_required = [fyψtψe/2.1λ(fc')0.5]db = 787.15 mm ψtψe ≤ 1.7 lhook
ld_actual = 350 mm
since ld_actual is less than the required, provide hooks on both ends TB and BB.
lhook = 440 mm

ρmax FALSE 0.0232

ρreqd FALSE 0.0026
ρmin TRUE 0.0051

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DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL (CMU)

1. INPUT DATA 150 mm
1.1 Section properties
Wall height 1, h1 = 850 mm
Wall height 2, h2 = 500 mm
Wall thickness twall = 150 mm
Base width B= 600 mm 850 mm
Footing thickness tfooting = 200 mm
Concrete Cover on wall Cc = 20 mm
Concrete Cover on footing Cc = 75 mm
Reinforcement diameter on wall dbar = 12 mm
Reinforcement diameter on footing dbar = 12 mm
Reinforcement spacing on wall s1 = 300 mm 600 mm

1.2 Material properties

Masonry compressive strength f'm = 4.83 MPa = 700 psi
Concrete compressive strength fc' = 20.7 MPa
Rebar yield stress fy = 276.5 MPa P1
P3
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 200000 MPa
Unit weight of soil γs = 18 kN/m3
Soil bearing capacity of soil qall = 100 kN/m2 H
Angle of friction of soil φ= 35 °
P2
Unit weight of concrete γconc = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of CMU γCMU = 21.2 kN/m3 h/3
Coefficient of friction, concrete - soil μ= 0.4 Caγsh o
2. ANALYSIS qmin μΣPi
2.1 Determine acting loads qmax
Lateral pressure coefficient Ca = [1 - sinφ]/[1 + sinφ] =
T 421. 0.27
Equivalent lateral pressure p = 4.88 kN/m3
Total height h= 1.05 m
Vertical Loads
Wall selfweight P1 = 2.70 kN
Footing selfweight P2 = 2.88 kN
Weight of soil P3 = 6.89 kN
ΣP = 12.47 kN
Resisting moments
Wall selfweight M1 = 0.20 kN-m
Footing selfweight M2 = 0.86 kN-m
Weight of soil M3 = 1.55 kN-m

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ΣMR = 12.47 kN = R.M.

Overturning moments
Lateral pressure behind wall H = (Ca)(γs)(h2/2) = 2.69 kN-m
H(h/3) = 0.94 kN-m = O.M.
Summation of moments
ΔM = R.M. - O.M. = 11.53 kN-m

2.2 Soil pressure

Resultant distance to the a = ΔM 0.92 m x̅ = 0.31 m
=
front face of the wall ΣP
eccentricity = B/2 - a = 0.62 m
B/6 = 0.10 m <e

150.55 kN/m
2
qmax = ΣP/A + ΣPe/S =
-108.99 kN/m
2
qmin = ΣP/A - ΣPe/S =

2.3 Check for stability

Overturning
FS = ΣMR/MOM = 13.25 > 2.0 OK

Sliding
FS = μΣP/ΣH = 1.85 > 1.5 OK
3. DESIGN
3.1 Checking reinforcement for flexure - Stem/Wall
φ= 0.80
effective depth d = 75 mm
hstem/wall = 0.65 m
Factored axial pressure, Pu = 1.2P = 3.24 kN
Factored lateral pressure, Hu = 1.6H = 6.08 kN
Factored moment, Mu = 1.6*H*hstem/wall = 3.95 kN-m
As = 376.99 mm2
Ase = (Asfy + Pu)/fy = 388.72 mm2
a = (Pu + Asfy)/0.85f'mb = 26.20 mm
Nominal moment, Mn = Asefy(d - a/2) = 6.65 kN-m
φMn = 5.32 kN-m > Mu OK
450 mm
3.2 Design reinforcement for flexure - Footing/Base
Main Bars φ= 0.90
effective depth d = 119 mm
Moment, Mu = 1.6*soilweight + 1.2*footing weight = 3.52 kN-m
β1 = 0.85 - 0.05[(fc'-28)/7] ≥ 0.65, ≤ 0.85 = 0.85

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Ru = Mu/φbd2 = 0.27583
ρmax = (3/7)β1(0.85fc'/fy) = 0.02318
ρreqd = (0.85fc'/fy){1-[1-(2Ru/0.85fc')]0.5} = 0.00101
ρmin = max [(1.4/fy),(0.25*(fc')0.5/fy)] = 0.00506
Use ρ = 0.005063
Required steel area As = ρbd = 602.53 mm2
Spacing of bars S = 187.7036 mm say 180 mm
Spacing S, check with code max. spacing = 180 mm < 455.70 mm OK
Spacing S, check with code min. spacing = 180 mm > 50.00 mm OK
Shrinkage/Temperature Bars
S 424.4 S1 = 400 mm
S2 = 1000 mm
S3 = 450 mm
Use s = 400 mm
Number of bars N = 3 pcs

3.2 Development length

ψt = 1.0
ψe = 1.0
ld_required = [fyψtψe/2.1λ(fc') ]db =
0.5
590.37 mm ψtψe ≤ 1.7
ld_actual = 375 mm
since ld_actual is less than the required, provide hooks on both ends TB and BB.

ADD HORIZONTAL REINF. SPACING

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ρmax FALSE 0.02318

ρreqd FALSE 0.00101
ρmin TRUE 0.00506

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max values
2142.8571
NA
input for masonry
340
300

500 mm

300 mm
74.8

28.957928 kN
P1

qmax

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0.7853982
78.539816 2010.619
9.397974 0.025133
2513.274
12.5

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DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL (CMU)

1. INPUT DATA 150 mm
1.1 Section properties
Wall height 1, h1 = 1100 mm
Wall height 2, h2 = 500 mm
Wall thickness twall = 150 mm
Base width B= 600 mm 1100 mm
Footing thickness tfooting = 250 mm
Concrete Cover on wall Cc = 20 mm
Concrete Cover on footing Cc = 75 mm
Reinforcement diameter on wall dbar = 12 mm
Reinforcement diameter on footing dbar = 12 mm
Reinforcement spacing on wall s1 = 100 mm 600 mm

1.2 Material properties

Masonry compressive strength f'm = 4.83 MPa = 700 psi
Concrete compressive strength fc' = 20.7 MPa
Rebar yield stress fy = 276.5 MPa P1
P3
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es = 200000 MPa
Unit weight of soil γs = 18 kN/m3
Soil bearing capacity of soil qall = 100 kN/m2 H
Angle of friction of soil φ= 35 °
P2
Unit weight of concrete γconc = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of CMU γCMU = 21.2 kN/m3 h/3
Coefficient of friction, concrete - soil μ= 0.4 Caγsh o
2. ANALYSIS qmin μΣPi
2.1 Determine acting loads qmax
Lateral pressure coefficient Ca = [1 - sinφ]/[1 + sinφ] =
T 421. 0.27
Equivalent lateral pressure p = 4.88 kN/m3
Total height h= 1.35 m
Vertical Loads
Wall selfweight P1 = 3.50 kN
Footing selfweight P2 = 3.60 kN
Weight of soil P3 = 8.91 kN
ΣP = 16.01 kN
Resisting moments
Wall selfweight M1 = 0.26 kN-m
Footing selfweight M2 = 1.08 kN-m
Weight of soil M3 = 2.00 kN-m

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ΣMR = 16.01 kN = R.M.

Overturning moments
Lateral pressure behind wall H = (Ca)(γs)(h2/2) = 4.44 kN-m
H(h/3) = 2.00 kN-m = O.M.
Summation of moments
ΔM = R.M. - O.M. = 14.01 kN-m

2.2 Soil pressure

Resultant distance to the a = ΔM 0.88 m x̅ = 0.29 m
=
front face of the wall ΣP
eccentricity = B/2 - a = 0.58 m
B/6 = 0.10 m <e

180.10 kN/m
2
qmax = ΣP/A + ΣPe/S =
-126.74 kN/m
2
qmin = ΣP/A - ΣPe/S =

2.3 Check for stability

Overturning
FS = ΣMR/MOM = 8.00 > 2.0 OK

Sliding
FS = μΣP/ΣH = 1.44 <1.5 NG
3. DESIGN
3.1 Checking reinforcement for flexure - Stem/Wall
φ= 0.80
effective depth d = 75 mm
hstem/wall = 0.85 m
Factored axial pressure, Pu = 1.2P = 4.20 kN
Factored lateral pressure, Hu = 1.6H = 10.40 kN
Factored moment, Mu = 1.6*H*hstem/wall = 8.84 kN-m
As = 1130.97 mm2
Ase = (Asfy + Pu)/fy = 1146.15 mm2
a = (Pu + Asfy)/0.85f'mb = 77.25 mm
Nominal moment, Mn = Asefy(d - a/2) = 11.53 kN-m
φMn = 9.22 kN-m > Mu OK
450 mm
3.2 Design reinforcement for flexure - Footing/Base
Main Bars φ= 0.90
effective depth d = 169 mm
Moment, Mu = 1.6*soilweight + 1.2*footing weight = 4.50 kN-m
β1 = 0.85 - 0.05[(fc'-28)/7] ≥ 0.65, ≤ 0.85 = 0.85

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Ru = Mu/φbd2 = 0.17520
ρmax = (3/7)β1(0.85fc'/fy) = 0.02318
ρreqd = (0.85fc'/fy){1-[1-(2Ru/0.85fc')]0.5} = 0.00064
ρmin = max [(1.4/fy),(0.25*(fc')0.5/fy)] = 0.00506
Use ρ = 0.005063
Required steel area As = ρbd = 855.70 mm2
Spacing of bars S = 132.17 mm say 130 mm
Spacing S, check with code max. spacing = 130 mm < 455.70 mm OK
Spacing S, check with code min. spacing = 130 mm > 50.00 mm OK
Shrinkage/Temperature Bars
S 424.4 S1 = 500 mm
S2 = 1250 mm
S3 = 450 mm
Use s = 450 mm
Number of bars N = 3 pcs

3.2 Development length

ψt = 1.0
ψe = 1.0
ld_required = [fyψtψe/2.1λ(fc') ]db =
0.5
590.37 mm ψtψe ≤ 1.7
ld_actual = 375 mm
since ld_actual is less than the required, provide hooks on both ends TB and BB.

ADD HORIZONTAL REINF. SPACING

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ρmax FALSE 0.02318

ρreqd FALSE 0.00064
ρmin TRUE 0.00506

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max values
2142.8571
NA
input for masonry
440
300

500 mm

300 mm
74.8

28.957928 kN
P1

qmax

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0.7853982
78.539816 2010.619
9.397974 0.025133
2513.274
12.5

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