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    Experiment 3 Class 12th 2k23

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    Brienna
    1. The document describes an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens using two pin methods. Two needles are placed at different distances from the lens and the distances between the object needle, lens, and image needle are measured. 2. Graphs are plotted of v versus u and 1/v versus 1/u, where u is the object distance and v is the image distance. The focal length can be determined from the intercepts of these graphs. 3. The experiment is repeated several times and the focal length is calculated from the average of the values determined from the two graphs. Sources of error include non-vertical stands, incorrect index corrections, and residual parallax.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Experiment 3 Class 12th 2k23

    Uploaded by

    Brienna
    83 views3 pages
    1. The document describes an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens using two pin methods. Two needles are placed at different distances from the lens and the distances between the object needle, lens, and image needle are measured. 2. Graphs are plotted of v versus u and 1/v versus 1/u, where u is the object distance and v is the image distance. The focal length can be determined from the intercepts of these graphs. 3. The experiment is repeated several times and the focal length is calculated from the average of the values determined from the two graphs. Sources of error include non-vertical stands, incorrect index corrections, and residual parallax.

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    1. The document describes an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens using two pin methods. Two needles are placed at different distances from the lens and the distances between the object needle, lens, and image needle are measured. 2. Graphs are plotted of v versus u and 1/v versus 1/u, where u is the object distance and v is the image distance. The focal length can be determined from the intercepts of these graphs. 3. The experiment is repeated several times and the focal length is calculated from the average of the values determined from the two graphs. Sources of error include non-vertical stands, incorrect index corrections, and residual parallax.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    83 views3 pages

    Experiment 3 Class 12th 2k23

    Uploaded by

    Brienna
    1. The document describes an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens using two pin methods. Two needles are placed at different distances from the lens and the distances between the object needle, lens, and image needle are measured. 2. Graphs are plotted of v versus u and 1/v versus 1/u, where u is the object distance and v is the image distance. The focal length can be determined from the intercepts of these graphs. 3. The experiment is repeated several times and the focal length is calculated from the average of the values determined from the two graphs. Sources of error include non-vertical stands, incorrect index corrections, and residual parallax.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    AIM

    of convex
    a lens by plotting graphs between uand vor and 1
    To find the focal length
    APPARATUS REQUIRED
    An optical bench, three upright stands, convex lens, lens holder, two optical needles,,kniting net
    a half metre scale etc.
    PROCEDURE
    of the convex lens using a metre
    1. Find the rough (approximate) focal length
    screen.
    scalebyforming
    an image of a far off object on a wallor
    needlas.
    2. Mount the convex lens on the upright with the help of lens holder. Put two
    other two uprights upto the same vertical heights. Label one of them as object needle (0
    and other as image needle (1) by using a small sticker. B
    Image of AB

    F A'
    2F
    A 2F

    Image Needle
    CD
    Object needle
    AB
    B D
    Two pin method for determining the focal length f of a convex lens
    R
    : Findtheindex correction for object needle and lens using aknitting needle, and then for
    lens
    needleand
    image object needle at a distance greater than the
    Placethe byyou).
    (as
    obtained
    image
    needle at the position of
    image
    appr
    formed
    oximate focal length of convex
    lens
    by
    :
    the
    parallax
    Place (ifpresent). convex lens and
    the
    values:of uand vand apply index
    corrections to both. remove any
    Note procedureto obtain 5-6 sets of
    Repeatthesame observations.
    6
    7.
    OBSERVATIONS
    focal length of lens
    Approximate. Cm.

    correctionfor object: needle = Cm.


    Index
    correctionfor image needle Cm,
    Index
    Position ofthe Object distance Image distance
    (cm) |v= LI
    u=0L
    llv (U)=(/u) +(1/v
    Obiect
    LensL Image
    needle I
    Observed Corrected Observed Corrected (cm)(cm) (cm)
    (cm) f
    (cm)
    needleO (cm)
    (cm)
    (cm)

    Graph
    . The graph is plotted with ualong x-axis and v along y-axis.
    positive. Arectangular hyperbola is obtained. Here, uis negative while vis
    10
    cm

    Scale

    10 cm

    v(cm)

    45
    X
    u (cm)
    M2 X

    Graph of v us ufora convex lens


    To find ffrom the graph, a line is drawn from 0, bisecting the angle between axes (45') and
    striking the graph at point (-2f. 2f).
    Horizontal coordinate Vertical coordinate
    f= and f =
    2
    The mean of these two values of f gives the focal lengths.
    2. The graph between 1/u (along x--axis) and l/v (along y-axis) is a straight line
    The intercepts on X-axis and Y-axis are same. graph.
    Scale 1/v
    (cm

    Gm

    for a convex lens


    Graph of 1/v us 1/u
    RESULTS Cm.
    asf=
    1. Focallength of convex lens is obtained of the lens comes out
    to be
    2. Fromn graph between u and v, the focal length Cm.
    and 1/v: the focal length comes out to be Cm.
    omgraph between 1/u
    PRECAUTIONS
    be chosen for both axes while plotting the graph.
    I. Same scale should carefully recorded and applied.
    L. lndex correction should be
    removed from tip to tip.
    3. Parallax should be carefully
    should be large.
    4. Focal length of convex lens used
    absolutely horizontal.
    5. The optical bench should be upright stand should be
    6. The principal axis of the mirror when mounted the
    parallel to th
    bed of optical bench. reach the same horizontal level
    mounted that their tips
    7. The needles should be so
    SOURCES OF ERROR

    1. The stands may not be perfectly vertical.


    correctly.
    2. Index error may not be obtained
    3. Parallax may not be removed
    satisfactorily.

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