Bhs. Inggris
Bhs. Inggris
Bhs. Inggris
PAKET III
TEXT 1
Bridge is a structure that provides passage over obstacles such as valleys, rough terrain or
bodies of water by spanning those obstacles with natural or manmade materials. They first began to
be used in ancient times when first modern civilizations started rising in the Mesopotamia. From
that point on, knowledge, engineering, and manufacture of new bridge building materials spread
beyond their borders, enabling slow but steady adoption of bridges all across the world.
In the beginning bridges were very simple structures that were built from easily accessible
natural resources - wooden logs, stone and dirt. Because of that, they had ability only to span very
close distances, and their structural integrity was not high because mortar was not yet invented and
rain slowly but constantly dissolved dirt fillings of the bridge.
Revolution in the bridge construction came in Ancient Rome whose engineers found that
grinded-out volcanic rocks can serve as an excellent material for making mortar. This invention
enabled them to build much more sturdier, powerful and larger structures than any civilization
before them. Seeing the power of roads and connections to distant lands, Roman architects soon
spread across the Europe, Africa and Asia, building bridges and roads of very high quality.
4. According to the passage, the construction of the early bridge was also weak because of …
A. using mud that was melting effortlessly
B. utilizing old logs
C. applying wrong methods of building bridge
D. consuming too much material from nature
E. allowing huge vehicles to go through the bridge
5. Based on the passage, volcanic rocks were chosen for making mortar by Ancient Rome because
they were …
A. as hard as mixture of old logs and soil
B. specially invented to be spread throughout the world
C. easily melted as the rain falls
D. outstanding materials
1
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TPS – PPU – BAHASA INGGRIS
TEXT 2
Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 12, 1809. He came from a
wealthy family and never had to work. He studied medicine and theology. In 1831, he graduated
from University of Cambridge with a degree of theology. He began a career as a scientist quite by
chance. On December 27, 1831, 22-year-old Charles Darwin joined the crew of the HMS Beagle as a
naturalist. The five-year expedition collected hydrographic, geologic, and meteorological data from
South America and many other regions around the world. Darwin's own observation on this voyage
led to his theory of natural selection.
Charles Darwin was greatly influenced by the geologist Adam Sedgwick and naturalist John
Henslow in his development of the theory of natural selection, which was to become the foundation
concept supporting the theory of evolution. Darwin's theory holds that environmental effects lead to
varying degrees of reproductive success in individuals and groups of organisms. Natural selection
tends to promote adaption in organisms when necessary for survival. This revolutionary theory was
published in 1859 in Darwin's now famous On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
6. It can be inferred from the passage that Darwin along with the crew gained the data from many
parts of the world in …
A. 1809
B. 1831
C. 1836
D. 1837
E. 1859
7. Based on the passage, how was Darwin’s theory of natural selection developed?
A. It was adapted by the necessary for survival
B. It was influenced by his collection
C. It was supported by the effect of environment
D. It was influenced by John Henslow
E. It was affected by groups of organisms
10. According to the passage, the famous Darwin theory was published based on …
A. theories developed by other scientists
B. the influence of organism adaptation in survival living
C. the success of his observation supported by geologist and naturalist
2
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TPS – PPU – BAHASA INGGRIS