11p Nehir Gulseren 2722602

SYSTEMS- Multiple Choice Questions
1. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in any

A. open system, entropy tends to increase spontaneously.
B. open system, entropy tends to decrease spontaneously.
C. isolated system, entropy tends to increase spontaneously.
D. isolated system, entropy tends to decrease spontaneously.
2. Which is an example of negative feedback?

A. Loss of vegetation leading to soil erosion leading to further loss of vegetation.
B. A decline in a large predator population after they have eaten most of their prey
population.
C. Melting of permafrost in the tundra due to climatic change leading to further
release of methane, causing further change.
D. Unsustainable slash and burn agriculture practices in tropical rain forests.
3. A lake with a stream flowing into it, but with water lost only by evaporation, is an example of
a system which is
A. isolated.
B. stable and closed.
C. unstable and closed.
D. open.
4. Which of the following factors would prevent the ecosphere being classified as a closed
system?
A. The input of solar energy
B. The re-radiation to space of heat energy
C. The arrival of rocks as meteorites from space
D. The unstable state of its equilibrium
5. Which of the following contributes most effectively to self-regulation within a system?

A. Rapid transfer of materials
B. Inputs of energy being greater than outputs
C. Negative feedback mechanisms
D. Positive feedback mechanisms
6. A system may best be defined as

A. a set of components that function predictably.
B. an assemblage of parts and their relationships forming a whole.
C. a set of components that function unpredictably.
D. an assemblage of functioning parts without inputs or outputs.
7. A stable ecosystem will be in . . . (I) . . . equilibrium, achieved largely through

mechanisms of . . . (II) . . . feedback.
Complete this statement.
(I) (II)
A. Steady state Positive
B. Static Negative
C. Steady state Negative
D. Static Positive
8. Consider these statements concerning the flow of energy through ecosystems:
Statement 1: The amount of energy that is available to living things decreases as it is
transformed and passed along food chains.
Statement 2: As energy is transformed along food chains, no energy is destroyed.
Which is a correct evaluation of these statements?
Statement 1 Statement 2
A. Demonstrates the first law of thermodynamics Demonstrates the second law of
thermodynamics
B. Is unrelated to the laws of thermodynamics Demonstrates the second law of
thermodynamics
C. Demonstrates the second law of Demonstrates the first law of
thermodynamics thermodynamics
D. Demonstrates the second law of Is unrelated to the laws of
thermodynamics thermodynamics
9. Which process involved in the cycling of matter could be described as a transformation

process requiring the input of solar radiation?
A. Decomposition of organic matter releasing phosphates
B. Movement of water vapour inland from over the oceans
C. Conversion of nitrates into organic molecules containing nitrogen
D. Conversion of organic matter into fossil fuels
10. Inputs to a closed system may be

A. matter only.
B. energy only.
C. matter and energy.
D. heat only.
11. The capacity of a system to self-regulate is generally increased by

A. the presence of positive feedback.
B. the presence of negative feedback.
C. low energy inputs in the system.
D. energy outputs greater than energy inputs in the system.
12. The diagram below represents the flows of energy through the biosphere.
S o lar en erg y I S o lar en erg y II C h em ical III C h em ical

en terin g reach in g th e en ergy in en ergy in
atm o sp h ere E arth 's su rface p lan t b io m a ss an im al b io m ass
IV V
H eat en erg y
in atm o sp h ere
Which of the following correctly distinguishes flows I to V as transfer or transformation
processes?
Transfer Transformation
A. II, IV, V I, III
B. I, III II, IV, V
C. I, IV, V II, III
D. I, II, III IV, V
13. Which of the following does not represent an open system?
A. A lake inside a cave
B. The entire universe
C. A tropical island
D. A city
14. As disease spreads through a population, numbers fall. As the result of a reduction in
contact between individuals, the rate of spread of the disease is reduced. This is followed
by a recovery in numbers.
This is an example of
A. positive feedback
B. negative feedback
C. demographic transition
D. entropy
15. What do outputs from an open system consist of?

A. Energy only
B. Matter only
C. Energy and matter
D. Neither energy nor matter
16. Which row shows how energy and materials move through each type of system?
Isolated System Closed System Open System

A. energy flows through materials flow through energy flows through
system system system
B. energy does not enter materials flow through energy does not leave
C. energy does not leave energy flows through materials flow through
D. materials do not leave energy flows through materials do not leave
17. Which statement about energy transformations is correct?

A. Energy is not always conserved, because during respiration it is released as heat.
B. Some energy transformations create energy.
C. When an organism grows its entropy usually decreases.
D. The decay of a dead bird decreases its entropy.
18. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment that supports it,
which process often restores the equilibrium?
A. Succession
B. Negative feedback
C. Exponential growth
D. Positive feedback

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SYSTEMS- Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in any

2. Which is an example of negative feedback?

5. Which of the following contributes most effectively to self-regulation within a system?

6. A system may best be defined as

7. A stable ecosystem will be in . . . (I) . . . equilibrium, achieved largely through

9. Which process involved in the cycling of matter could be described as a transformation

10. Inputs to a closed system may be

11. The capacity of a system to self-regulate is generally increased by

S o lar en erg y I S o lar en erg y II C h em ical III C h em ical

15. What do outputs from an open system consist of?

Isolated System Closed System Open System

17. Which statement about energy transformations is correct?

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