CLASS – 8 PHYSICS CHAPTER – 4 ENERGY [SOLUTIONS]

A. Choose the correct option. Answer : ability/capacity

2. Work is always done in the……………of 4. ………………, just like matter cannot be

3. Which of the following is correct for work? 5. The rate at which the work is done or
Answer : (a) It is a scalar quantity energy is transmitted is called…………….
Answer : power
4. The ability of a body to do work is called :
Answer : (a) energy 6. Potential energy is the energy possessed
by a body by virtue of its…………….
5. When there is no displacement even after Answer : position
application of a great force :
Answer : (c) no work is considered to be done 7. Light energy is transformed
into………energy during the process of
6. …………….can neither be created nor photosynthesis in the plants.
destroyed but can be transformed from one Answer : chemical
form to another.
Answer : (a) Energy 8. If the height of an object is doubled then
the gravitational potential energy also
7. Gravitational potential energy of an object gets……………
dependents on which of the following? Answer : doubled
Answer : (c) Both (a) and (b)
C. Write T for True and F for False
8. This is the name of energy associated with statements.
motion of an object. 1. Energy can always be destroyed and
Answer : (c) Kinetic Energy created.
Answer : False
9. Energy is measured in
Answer : (d) none of these 2. Work and energy have the same units.
Answer : True
10. Water in a tap from overhead tank flows
due to…………….potential energy. 3. Energy and moment of a force have the
Answer : (a) Gravitational same units.
Answer : False
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Work is said to be done when a force acts 4. A ball thrown from a balcony possesses
on an object and the object is……………from kinetic energy.
its position. Answer : True
Answer : displaces
5. Kinetic energy is formulated by ½ mv2.
2. Energy is defined as the……………..of the Answer : True
body to do work.
6. If the mass of the object is doubled, its 2. Define energy.
kinetic energy decreases by four times. Answer : The ability to do work is known as
Answer : False energy.

7. The formula for potential energy is mgh. 3. How are force and energy related?
Answer : True Answer : When force is applied on an object,
resulting in the movement of that object,
8. Kinetic energy is inversely proportional to work is said to be done. Work can be
the square of velocity of that object. calculated using the formula, Work done is
Answer : False equal to product Force and Distance. The
ability or the capacity to do work is
9. The formula for Power is Work done by a called energy. So, that why energy and force
body/Time taken. are related to each other.
Answer : True
4. Give an example of an object with
10. Unlike energy power cannot be stored. potential energy.
Answer : True Answer : (i) River water at the top of a
waterfall.
D. Give one or two word answer. (ii) A book on a table before it falls.
1. It is said to be done when a force acts on (iii) A child at the top of a slide.
an object and the object is displaced.
Answer : Work. 5. Write a short note on kinetic energy.
Answer : The kinetic energy (KE) of an object
2. Capacity to do work. is the energy that it possesses due to its
Answer : Energy. motion. It is defined as the work needed to
accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to
3. It neither can be created nor destroyed. its stated velocity. Having gained
Answer : Energy. this energy during its acceleration, the body
maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed
4. The rate at which work is done. changes.
Answer : Power. Mathematically, K.E. is represented as
K.E. = ½ mv2
5. S.I. unit of energy………..
Answer : Joule. 6. Give an example of an object with kinetic
energy.
6. S.I. unit of power……….. Answer : (i) A moving cricket ball can do work
Answer : Joule per second (J/s). in pushing back the stumps.
(ii) Moving water can do work in turning a
7. Equation for kinetic energy………… turbine for generating electricity.
Answer : ½ mv2 (iii) Moving wind can do work in turning the
blades of windmill.
8. Equation for potential energy………..
Answer : m g h 7. What are different types of potential
energy?
E. Answer the following questions in Answer : There are two different types of
short. potential energy are :
1. What is work? Give SI units of work? (i) Gravitational Potential Energy : The energy
Answer : Work is said to be done when a acquired by a body when it is raised at some
force produces motion or in other words a height from the ground level is known as
body undergoes some displacement. gravitational potential energy.
The SI unit of work is Joule (J).
(ii) Elastic Potential Energy : The energy of a 2. Explain the work-energy relationship.
body due to a change in its shape and size is Answer : You know that energy is the ability
called elastic potential energy. of a body to do work. So, there is a direct
relationship between energy and work.
8. State the type of transformation of energy For example, when an object is at height from
in case of a light bulb. the ground, it has a certain amount of
Answer : In bulbs or tubelight, electrical potential energy. When you drop the object,
energy is converted into light energy. it falls down because of the force of gravity.
Electrical energy → Light energy So, work is being done on the object. While
falling down, its potential energy is gradually
9. What is a solar cooker? used up until it becomes zero (just when the
Answer : An apparatus for cooking food using object touches the ground). At any point
the energy of direct sunlight, typically by during its fall, the amount of potential energy
means of reflective panels that concentrate which is used up by the object is equal to the
the light on to a dark-coloured pot in an distance the object has travelled (work done).
insulated box. So,
Light Energy → Heat Energy Work done by a body = Energy change in the
body
10. Name the type of energy transformation
taking place in case of loud speakers. 3. Write a note on gravitational potential
Answer : Loud speakers convert electrical energy.
energy to sound energy. Answer : The energy acquired by a body when
Electrical energy → Sound energy it is raised at some height from the ground
level is known as gravitational potential
F. Answer the following questions in energy. This energy is stored in the body due
detail. to the work done on it, when it is raised
1. What do you means by transformation of against the gravitational force.
energy? Discuss four types of energy The gravitational potential energy depends on
transformations, with examples. the mass of the body and the height to which
Answer : All forms of energy follow a it has been lifted. Greater the mass or height
universal law known as ‘Law of Conservation of an object, more the potential energy it will
of Energy’ which states that ‘energy can have. Gravitational potential energy of a body
neither be created nor be destroyed, but above a reference point, say the surface of
transforms from one form to another’. this earth.
implies that all forms of energy are inter- G.P.E. = m x g x h
convertible. The process of change of one where, m = mass of the body
form of energy into another is called as g = acceleration due to gravity
energy transformation. h = height of the body
Examples : (i) In the process of
photosynthesis, plants convert the light 4. Define energy and power. State the
energy of the Sun into chemical energy in the differences between them.
form of food. Answer : Energy : The ablity to do work is
(ii) Bulbs, tubelights, etc. convert electrical known as energy.
energy into light energy. Power : It is the rate of work done with
(iii) Automobile engine, fans, electric motors, respect to time or the rate of consumption of
etc. convert electrical energy to mechanical energy with respect to time.
energy.
(iv) Microphones convert sound energy to
electrical energy.
Difference between Energy and Power :
ENERGY POWER
1. Energy is defined as Power is defined
the capacity to do as the rate at
work. which work is
done or energy is
transmitted.
2. Energy can transform Power doesn’t
from one form to transform forms.
another.
3. We can store energy Power cannot be
that is generated. stored.
4. SI unit of energy is SI unit of power is
joule (J). watt (W) or joules
per second (J/s).