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    Lecture 15 Affine Cipher

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    chaudharyalihassan4
    The document discusses the Affine Cipher, a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher. It explains that the Affine Cipher uses a mathematical transformation involving addition and multiplication on the plaintext letters. The encryption takes each plaintext letter's integer value, multiplies it by a key value a, adds another key value b, and takes the modulus of the result with respect to the alphabet length to get the ciphertext letter. Decryption involves finding the inverse of a and performing the inverse calculations. Examples are provided to illustrate the encryption and decryption process. Practice problems are included at the end to encrypt and decrypt plaintexts using given Affine Cipher keys.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lecture 15 Affine Cipher

    Uploaded by

    chaudharyalihassan4
    18 views18 pages
    The document discusses the Affine Cipher, a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher. It explains that the Affine Cipher uses a mathematical transformation involving addition and multiplication on the plaintext letters. The encryption takes each plaintext letter's integer value, multiplies it by a key value a, adds another key value b, and takes the modulus of the result with respect to the alphabet length to get the ciphertext letter. Decryption involves finding the inverse of a and performing the inverse calculations. Examples are provided to illustrate the encryption and decryption process. Practice problems are included at the end to encrypt and decrypt plaintexts using given Affine Cipher keys.

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    This is a presentation for cyber security

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    The document discusses the Affine Cipher, a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher. It explains that the Affine Cipher uses a mathematical transformation involving addition and multiplication on the plaintext letters. The encryption takes each plaintext letter's integer value, multiplies it by a key value a, adds another key value b, and takes the modulus of the result with respect to the alphabet length to get the ciphertext letter. Decryption involves finding the inverse of a and performing the inverse calculations. Examples are provided to illustrate the encryption and decryption process. Practice problems are included at the end to encrypt and decrypt plaintexts using given Affine Cipher keys.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views18 pages

    Lecture 15 Affine Cipher

    Uploaded by

    chaudharyalihassan4
    The document discusses the Affine Cipher, a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher. It explains that the Affine Cipher uses a mathematical transformation involving addition and multiplication on the plaintext letters. The encryption takes each plaintext letter's integer value, multiplies it by a key value a, adds another key value b, and takes the modulus of the result with respect to the alphabet length to get the ciphertext letter. Decryption involves finding the inverse of a and performing the inverse calculations. Examples are provided to illustrate the encryption and decryption process. Practice problems are included at the end to encrypt and decrypt plaintexts using given Affine Cipher keys.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 18

    Information Security

    Delivered By: Dr.Ahthasham


    Dated: 11th Nov 2023
    Email: [email protected]
    Affine Cipher
    • The Affine Cipher is another example of a Monalphabetic Substitution
    cipher, since the encryption process is substantially mathematical. The
    whole process relies on working modulo m (the length of the alphabet used).
    By performing a calculation on the plaintext letters, we encipher the
    plaintext.

    • Addition (shifting) and multiplication can be combined to give an Affine


    transformation.
    Encryption
    • The first step in the encryption process is to transform each of the letters in the
    plaintext alphabet to the corresponding integer in the range 0 to m-1. With this
    done, the encryption process for each letter is given by
    E(x) = (ax + b) mod m
    • where a and b are the key for the cipher. This means that we multiply our integer
    value for the plaintext letter by a, and then add b to the result. Finally, we take this
    modulus m (that is we take the remainder when the solution is divided by m, or we
    take away the length of the alphabet until we get a number less than this length).
    Example
    • As an example, let us encrypt the plaintext "affine cipher", using the
    key a = 3, b = 4.
    E(x) = (ax + b) mod m

    • In this instance, the calculation needed is (3x+4). Finally, we must ensure


    that all our answers are calculated mod 26 and convert the integers back
    to ciphertext letters.
    Plain A F F I N E C I P H E R
    Text
    X 0 5 5 8 13 4 2 8 15 7 4 17
    3X+4 4 19 19 28 43 16 10 28 49 25 16 55
    3X+4 4 19 19 2 17 16 10 2 23 25 16 3
    Mod 26
    Cipher E T T C R Q K C X Z Q D
    Txt
    Cipher 4 19 19 2 17 16 10 2 23 25 16 3
    Value
    Decryption:
    Step 1: How to find inverse of a with mod 26?

    Example: (a) 3 × (Any #) mod 26 =1, i.e. 3 × 35 mod(26) =1

    (LHS)(3 × 35 = 105 Mod(26) =1 = (RHS) 4 × 26 + 1 ≡ 105 mod (26)=1).

    Step 2: We must now perform the inverse calculations on the integer


    values of the ciphertext. 35(y - 4) mod (26) to get integer value again.
    Cipher E T T C R Q K C X Z Q D
    Text
    C 4 19 19 2 17 16 10 2 23 25 16 3
    Value 4 19 19 28 43 16 10 28 49 25 16 55
    35(Y-4) 0 525 525 840 1365 420 210 840 1575 735 420 1785
    35 (Y-4) 0 5 5 8 13 4 2 8 15 7 4 17
    mod 26
    Plain A F F I N E C I P H E R
    Text
    Letter
    Practice 01
    • As an example, let us encrypt the plaintext "affine cipher", using the
    key a = 5, b = 8
    E(x) = (ax + b) mod m
    In this instance, the calculation needed is (5x+8). Finally, we must ensure that all
    our answers are calculated mod 26 and convert the integers back to ciphertext
    letters. All this information is shown in the table below.
    Decryption:
    Step 1: How to find inverse of a with mod 26?

    Example: 5 × ( Any #) modulo 26 =1, i.e. 5 × 21 modulo 26 =1

    (LHS)(5 × 21 = 105 Mod(26) =1 = (RHS) 4 × 26 + 1 ≡ 105 modulo 26=1).

    Step 2: We must now perform the inverse calculations on the integer


    values of the ciphertext. 21(y - 8) mod (26) to get integer value again.
    Practice 2
    1) Encrypt and Decrypt the plaintext “world war", using the key a =
    5, b = 8.

    2) Encrypt and Decrypt the plaintext ”TWENTY FIFTEEN” using the key
    a=17,b=20.

    3) Encrypt and Decrypt the Plaintext “ITS COOL with” using the key a =
    5, b = 8.
    Cipher Text
    1) OAPLX OIP

    2) FEKHFM BABFKKH

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