20 - de
20 - de
20 - de
SECTION 1. LISTENING
I. Listen to the tape twice and do the tasks below.
Tour information
A. fishing trip
B. guided bushwalk
C. reptile park entry
D. table tennis
E. tennis
Questions 7 – 10: Complete the sentences below. (0,8 points)
7. The tour costs of $ _____________________.
VII. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question. Write your
answers in the space provided. (1,0 point)
Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in
season. Drying, smoking and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability
of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage.
However, in 1810, a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-
sealing process of canning. And in the 1850’s an American named Gail Borden developed a
means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more
common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand.
By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-
produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all
times of the year.
Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their
daily diets. Growing urban population created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable
farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers
to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the
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1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and
tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In
addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. As easy means of
producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had
more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The
icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator
replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly
foods that were heavily in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat.
Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits,
vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
4. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?
B. Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available.
D. Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.
SECTION 5. WRITING
IX. Finish the second sentence in each pair in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence before it. (1,0 point)
1. While I strongly disapprove of your behavior, I will help you this time.
→ Despite my .
2. I only realised that I had forgotten to close the door when she told me.
→ Only when .
3. Despite Jack’s strange clothes, everybody ignored him.
→ Nobody took .
4. We will not delay our voyage whether there is a rain or not.
→ Regardless .
5. To pass the time, I looked through some magazines.
→ I whiled .
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