gt3 gb1 RBB 2 FLCH

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HTW Dresden Arbeitsblätter Grundbau Arbeitsblatt GT3 – 2.

1
Lehrgebiet Einzel-/Streifenfundament Thema Flachgründung
Geotechnik Ausgabe 16. Juli 2008

2.1 Entwurf, Vorbemessung


Grundfläche Aerf

Formeln:
bM
N [kN] - Normallast aus der aufgehenden Konstruk-
tion
GE - Erdauflast
GF - Eigengewicht des Fundaments
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σzul. - zulässige Sohlspannung in kN/m2
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x βW N [N/mm2 ] - Betonnennfestigkeit
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fg =1.6 - unbewehrter Beton


x x x
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fg =3 - Stahlbeton
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x Fundamentfläche : Aerf = N√
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mit N in kN, σzul. in kN/m2 Aerf in m2


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b Fundamentdicke : hF = na
unbewehrt n ≈ 1 + βW3 N σzul.
oder Tabelle 17, DIN 1045
Abb. 1: Bezeichungen und geometri- bewehrt n ≈ 0.25...0.3
sche Verhältnisse bei Einzel– und Strei-
fenfundamenten

Spannungsausbreitung n im Beton (Tabelle 17, DIN 1045) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx


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Bodenpressung in kN/m2
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Betonfestig–
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keitsklasse 100 200 300 400 500


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C8/10 (B5) 1,6 2 2 unzulässig


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C8/10 (B10) 1,1 1,6 2 2 2


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C12/15 (B15) 1 1,3 1,6 1,8 2


C20/25 (B25) 1 1 1,2 1,4 1,6
C30/37 (B35) 1 1 1 1,2 1,3

2.2 Spannungsverteilung – einfache Verfahren

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Ansatz zulässiger Sohlspannungen, Grundbruch-


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nachweis (Erdauflast, Eigengewicht Fundament!)


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b0x = bx − 2ex
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Spannungstrapezverfahren
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Setzungsberechnung, Schnittkraftberechung für Bemessung


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N My Mx
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Keine Zugspannungen - gerissene Zugzone“


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1. Kernweite: Druckspannung über gesamten Querschnitt. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx


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2. Kernweite: gerissene Zugzone maximal bis Schwerpunkt.


HTW Dresden Arbeitsblätter Grundbau Arbeitsblatt GT3 – 2.2
Lehrgebiet Einzel-/Streifenfundament Thema Flachgründung
Geotechnik Ausgabe 16. Juli 2008
Bei Rechteckquerschnitten gilt: ³ ´
ex ey 1 N 6ex 6ey
innerhalb 1. Kernweite: bx + by ≤ 6 σ1,..,4 = bx by 1± bx ± by
außerhalb 1. Kernweite: max. Eckpressung maxσ = µ bxNby
µ aus Nomogramm oder Bautabellen
einachsige Außermitte bei Streifenfundament (by = 1) maxσ = 3· bx2·N
( 2 −ex )·by
³ ´2 ³ ´2
e
Resultierende innerhalb der 2. Kernweite wenn: ebxx + byy ≤ 19

Bei Kreisquerschnitten gilt:


er
1. Kernweite: r ≤ 0.25
er
2. Kernweite: r ≤ 0.59

Nomogramm zur Berech-


nung der maximalen Eck-
pressung nach Hülsdünker

2.3 Nachweise GZ1B


2.3.1 Kippen

Nachweis der Einhaltung der zulässigen Ausmittigkeit der Sohldruckresultierenden. Gründungssohle muss
mindestens bis zum Schwerpunkt unter Druck belastet bleiben (2. Kernweite). Maßgebend ist die cha-
rakteristische Beanspruchung infolge der ungünstigsten Kombination aus ständigen und veränderlichen
Einwirkungen für die Lastfälle LF 1 und LF 2. Zur Berechnung der Ausmitte siehe Abschnitt 2.2. (Bei
Rechteckfundamenten erfüllt wenn Resultierende innerhalb der 2. Kernweite liegt).

2.3.2 Grundbruch

Vergleich der Bemessungswerte der Einwirkungen normal zur Gründungssohle mit den Bemessungswerten
der Widerstände.
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x
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x
charakteristische Werte der ΣV
x
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x
Einwirkungen x
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x
Bauwerkslasten ΣV, ΣH, ΣM x
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x
Eigengewicht G ΣM x
ΣH
x
x
G x
x
x
x
charakteristische Werte
der Beanspruchungen
EPh,k
EPv,k Bk
Nk
EP,k Tk
e (Ausmitte)
α

charakteristischer Wert
RN,k des Widerstands Rn,k
Nd = NG,k γG + NQ,k γQ ≤ RN,d =
γGR
HTW Dresden Arbeitsblätter Grundbau Arbeitsblatt GT3 – 2.3
Lehrgebiet Einzel-/Streifenfundament Thema Flachgründung
Geotechnik Ausgabe 16. Juli 2008
Hinweise:

• Berechnung der wirksamen Fläche für den Grundbruchnachweis und der Neigung der Resultierenden
unter Ansatz der parallel zur Fundamentsohle wirkenden Komponente des stützenden Erddrucks
E
Bk ≤ 0.5EP,k , wenn dieser dauerhaft wirksam ist. Bk ≤ P,k
2 und kleiner als die parallel zur Sohle
wirkenden Beanspruchungen.
• Damit ergeben sich die charakteristischen Einwirkungen tangential zur Sohlfläche für den Grund-
bruchnachweis bei horizontaler Sohle zu

Tk = HQ + HG − Bk ≥ 0

• Berechnung der Grundbruchlast mit den charakteristischen Scherparametern.


• Ermittlung der Bemessungswerte der Beanspruchungen und Widerstände normal zur Fundament-
sohle.

2.3.3 Gleiten

Vergleich der Bemessungswerte der Einwirkungen tangential zur Gründungssohle mit den Bemessungs-
werten der parallel zur Sohle wirkenden Widerstände.
x
x
x
x
x
charakteristische Werte der ΣV
x
x
x
x
x
x
Einwirkungen x
x
x
x
x
Bauwerkslasten ΣV, ΣH, ΣM
x
x
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x
x

Eigengewicht G ΣM x
x
ΣH
x
x
G x
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x
x

charakteristische Werte
EPh,k
Nk der Beanspruchungen
EPv,k E P,k
δ
Tk

Rt,k Ep,k EP,berechnet α Rt,k charakteristischer Wert


Td = TG,k γG + TQ,k γQ ≤ Rt,d + Ep,d = + des Widerstands
γGl γEp
Hinweise:

• Widerstand in Fundamentsohle bei drainierten Zuständen

Rt,k = Nk tan δS,k

Ortbeton δS,k = ϕk , Fertigteile ohne Mörtelbett δS,k = 23 ϕk


• bei undrainierten Zuständen (rasche Beanspruchung eines gesättigten Bodens).

Rt,k = Acu,k

• wenn Bruchfläche durch Boden verläuft (Sporne)

Rt,k = Nk tan ϕ0k + Ac0k

2.4 Nachweis GZ2

2.4.1 Ausmitte der Sohldruckresultierenden

Bei Gründungen auf nichtbindigen und bindigen Böden darf die in der Sohlfläche infolge der aus ständigen
Einwirkungen resultierende Beanspruchung zu keiner klaffenden Sohlfuge führen! Bei Rechteckfundamen-
ten erfüllt wenn die Resultierende innerhalb der 1. Kernweite liegt.
HTW Dresden Arbeitsblätter Grundbau Arbeitsblatt GT3 – 2.4
Lehrgebiet Einzel-/Streifenfundament Thema Flachgründung
Geotechnik Ausgabe 16. Juli 2008

2.4.2 Verschiebungen in der Sohlfläche

Nachweis gegen unzuträgliche Verschiebungen erbracht, wenn

• an der Stirnseite keine Bodenreaktion für den Gleitsicherheitsnachweis angesetzt wurde, bzw.
• Bodenreaktion an Stirnseite höchsten 30% des charakteristischen passiven Erddrucks bei mindestens
mitteldichten bzw. steifen Böden.

andernfalls sind spezielle Untersuchungen erforderlich (z.B. Ansatz der Mobilisierungsfunktion des passi-
ven Erddrucks vor der Stirnseite, Bewertung der für die Mobilisierung der erforderlichen Bodenreaktion
notwendigen Verschiebung.)

2.4.3 Setzungen

Bei Ermittlung des maßgebenden Sohldrucks:

nichtbindige Böden: Berücksichtigung der regelmäßig auftretenden, veränderlichen Einwirkungen


bindige Böden: veränderliche Einwirkungen vernachlässigen, wenn Einwirkungszeit wesentlich kleiner,
als zum Ausgleich des Porenwasserdrucks erforderliche Zeit (Konsolidation)!

Setzungen sind unter Berücksichtigung der Konstruktion zu beurteilen (Empfehlungen Verformungen



des Baugrunds bei baulichen Anlagen“ EVB, Ernst u. Sohn, 1993)
Anhaltswerte:
zulässige Setzung in cm
nichtbind.: mitteldicht bindige Böden
bindig: mind. halbfest steif
Rahmenkonstruktionen und Skelettbauten (Stahlbe- 2.5 4.0
ton, Stahl mit Ausfachung)
statisch unbestimmte Rahmenkonstruktionen, Ske- 3.0 5.0
lettbauten oder Durchlaufträger (Stahlbeton, Stahl,
ohne Ausfachung)
statisch bestimmte Konstruktionen ohne Ausfachung 5.0 8.0
Wandbauten aus Mauerwerk, mit Ringanker und Ge- 3.0 5.0
schossdecken
HTW Dresden Arbeitsblätter Grundbau Arbeitsblatt GT3 – 2.5
Lehrgebiet Einzel-/Streifenfundament Thema Flachgründung
Geotechnik Ausgabe 16. Juli 2008

2.5 Nachweis mit zulässigen Sohlspannungen

In einfachen Fällen Nachweis für GZ1B und GZ2 durch Vergleich des einwirkenden charakteristischen
Sohldrucks mit dem aufnehmbaren Sohldruck. Voraussetzungen:
– Geländeoberfläche und Schichtgrenzen annähernd waagerecht
– Baugrund bis Tiefe t ≥ 2b und t ≥ 2m(t – Tiefe unter Fundamentsohle, b – Fundamentbreite)
ausreichend tragfähig
– keine regelmäßige oder überwiegende dynamische Beanspruchung
– Neigung der charakteristischen Beanspruchung in Sohlfläche tan δ = H
Vk ≤ 0.2
k

– Ausmittigkeit nach Abschnitt 2.4.1 wird eingehalten.


In den Abb. 2 bis 6 sind die Sohlspannungen für mittig, vertikal belastete Streifenfundamente angegeben.
Erhöhung der Werte:
– geringste Einbindetiefe d > 2.0m, Erhöhung um γ(d − 2.0m) (γ – Bodenwichte)
– bei Kreis– und bei Rechteckfundamenten mit b0x : b0y < 2 sowie b ≥ 0.5m und d ≥ 0.5m Erhöhung
um 20%. Für die auf Grundlage des Grundbruchs ermittelten Werte σzul nach Abb. 2 ist die
Bedingung d ≥ 0.6b0 einzuhalten.
Verminderung der Werte:
– Grundwasserspiegel in Höhe Gründungssohle, Reduzierung σzul. um 40%
– Abstand Sohle–Grundwasser < b0 geradlinig interpolieren (0% Abminderung bei Abstand=b0 , 40%
bei Abstand=0 ³ ´
Hk
– geneigte Last, nichtbindiger Boden, Faktor 1− Vk wenn Hk parallel zur längeren Seite und
b0x : b0y ≥ 2.0
³ ´2
– geneigte Last, nichtbindiger Boden, alle anderen Fälle, Faktor 1 − Hk
Vk
– bei bindigen Böden und 2 < b0 < 5.0m Abminderung um 10% je Meter Breite über 2m. Wenn
b0 > 5.0m Nachweise GZ1B und GZ2 erforderlich.
Aus den folgenden Diagrammen kann die zulässige Sohlspannung für Streifenfundamente abgelesen wer-
den.

Abb. 2: Zulässige Sohlspannung σzul. für Streifen- Abb. 3: Zulässige Sohlspannung σzul. für Streifen-
fundamente auf nichtbindigem, mitteldicht gelager- fundamente auf reinem Schluff (UL) steifer bis halb-
ten Boden fester Konsistenz
HTW Dresden Arbeitsblätter Grundbau Arbeitsblatt GT3 – 2.6
Lehrgebiet Einzel-/Streifenfundament Thema Flachgründung
Geotechnik Ausgabe 16. Juli 2008

Abb. 4: Zulässige Sohlspannung σzul. für Strei- Abb. 5: Zulässige Sohlspannung σzul. für Streifen-
fenfundamente auf gemischtkörnigen Böden fundamente auf tonig, schluffigem Boden (UM, TL,
(SU*,ST,ST*,GU*,GT*) TM)

Abb. 6: Zulässige Sohlspannung σzul. für Streifen-


fundamente auf Tonböden (TA)

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