Cambridge IGCSE™

* 6 4 7 8 5 9 4 9 0 5 *

COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/42

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2022

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 20 pages.

DC (RW/SG) 308070/3
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 2

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the human heart.

F pulmonary vein

E
A

C
B

Fig. 1.1

(i) Table 1.1 lists some of the parts labelled in Fig. 1.1.

Complete Table 1.1.

Table 1.1

letter in
name of part
Fig. 1.1

B
left ...........................................

septum
............

F
...........................................

[3]

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw arrows to show the direction of blood flow through the left side of the
heart. [1]

(iii) The heart is part of a double circulation system.

Explain the advantages of a double circulation system.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) A hospital records the ages of patients with coronary heart disease.

Fig. 1.2 is a bar chart showing the number of patients in each age group.

Key
male
female

60

50

40

number of
patients with
coronary 30
heart
disease

20

10

0
<20 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79 80+
age group / years

Fig. 1.2

(i) Use Fig. 1.2 to identify one age group that has more females with coronary heart disease
than males.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the percentage of patients in the 70–79 age group that are female.

.......................................................% [2]

[Total: 9]

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2 Iron is extracted from hematite in the blast furnace.

Fig. 2.1 shows some of the substances that enter and leave the blast furnace.

hematite

waste gases
blast
coke
furnace
impure iron

air

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) The equations for some reactions in the blast furnace are shown.

Complete the balanced equations.

equation 1 C + ............... CO2

equation 2 ............... + CO2 2CO

equation 3 Fe2O3 + 3CO ............... + 3CO2

[3]

(ii) State the name of the substance shown in Fig. 2.1 that contains Fe2O3.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State why the waste gases that leave the blast furnace also contain nitrogen.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Carbon monoxide is an air pollutant.

State the name of one other air pollutant.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) Stainless steel is an alloy that contains iron.

Stainless steel is used to make cutlery, such as knives and forks.

(i) Describe what is meant by the term alloy.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest two reasons why the alloy stainless steel, rather than pure iron, is used to make
cutlery.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 9]

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3 In 1997, the Thrust Supersonic Car set a world land speed record.

(a) Fig. 3.1 shows forces R, S, V and T acting on the moving car.

R direction of motion

V
T

Fig. 3.1

State the letter for the weight of the car. .................... [1]

(b) The record speed of the car is 341 m / s.

(i) Show that 341 m / s is 1228 km / h.

[1]

(ii) The car changes speed from 0 to 341 m / s in 20.0 s.

Calculate the acceleration of the car.

Give the units of your answer.

acceleration = ........................ units ........................ [3]

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(iii) The mass of the car is 10 600 kg.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the car at the record speed of 341 m / s.

kinetic energy = ........................................................ J [2]

(iv) Use your answer to (b)(iii) to calculate the useful power output from the engines of the
car as the car accelerates over the 20.0 s.

power = ...................................................... W [2]

[Total: 9]

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4 (a) Water moves from the roots of a plant through the stem to the leaves.

(i) Complete Fig. 4.1 to show the pathway of water through the plant.

root
root hair cells transport vessel ........................
........................ in stem cells in leaves
cells

Fig. 4.1
[2]

(ii) Explain how root hair cells are adapted to their function.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 4.2 is a graph showing the effect of increasing humidity on transpiration rate in plants.

transpiration
rate

humidity

Fig. 4.2

Explain the shape of the graph between points A and B shown in Fig. 4.2.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

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(c) Describe two differences between the pollen from insect‑pollinated flowers and the pollen
from wind‑pollinated flowers.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 9]

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5 The structures of ethane and ethene are shown in Fig. 5.1.

H H H H

H C C H C C

H H H H

ethane ethene

Fig. 5.1

(a) Put a tick (✓) in one box in each row of Table 5.1 to show which description is true for ethane
only, which is true for ethene only and which is true for both ethane and ethene.

Table 5.1

true for true for true for both

ethane only ethene only ethane and ethene

is a hydrocarbon

is a saturated
compound
changes the colour of
aqueous bromine
[2]

(b) State the number of bonding electrons between the two carbon atoms in ethene.

Explain your answer.

number of electrons ............................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(c) A student investigates the combustion of ethane, as shown in Fig. 5.2.

cobalt(II)
burning chloride limewater
ethane paper

boiling tube 1 boiling tube 2

Fig. 5.2

The gases produced by the combustion of ethane pass through boiling tube 1 and boiling
tube 2.

(i) State the change in colour of the cobalt(II) chloride paper in boiling tube 1.

Explain why this change happens.

colour changes from ................................. to .................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Explain what happens to the limewater in boiling tube 2.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Describe the formation of poly(ethene) from ethene.

��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� [2]

[Total: 10]

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6 Fig. 6.1 shows an electric heater with two heating elements connected to a 240 V supply.

heating
element 2

heating
element 1

Fig. 6.1

Fig. 6.2 shows the circuit diagram for the heater.

240 V
a.c. power supply

switch

variable
resistor

heating element 2

heating element 1

Fig. 6.2

Heating element 1 has a resistance of 72 Ω.

Heating element 2 has a resistance of 36 Ω.

(a) The heater is switched on. The variable resistor is set to have zero resistance.

(i) Show that the combined resistance of the two heating elements is 24 Ω.

[2]

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(ii) Calculate the current from the supply.

current = ........................................................ A [2]

(b) The resistance of the variable resistor is increased.

Explain the effect this has on the total thermal energy output from the heater.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Fig. 6.3 shows the structure of a heating element.

wire wound into a coil

Fig. 6.3

The wire in heating element 2 is the same length as the wire in heating element 1.

The wire in heating element 2 is the same material as the wire in heating element 1.

Describe how heating element 2 has a lower resistance than heating element 1.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

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7 (a) Chemical digestion and mechanical digestion take place in the alimentary canal.

Place ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the correct statements about chemical and mechanical
digestion.

Both types of digestion always form soluble molecules.

Both types of digestion take place in the mouth.

Both types of digestion use enzymes.

Only chemical digestion takes place in the stomach.

Only mechanical digestion involves no chemical change.

[2]

(b) The pancreas secretes the enzyme protease.

(i) State the name of one other enzyme secreted by the pancreas.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the substrate and product of digestion of the enzyme protease.

substrate ...........................................................................................................................

product ..............................................................................................................................
[1]

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(c) Fig. 7.1 shows the effect of pH on protease activity.

protease activity

0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
pH

Fig. 7.1

(i) Explain why protease activity is zero at pH 10.5.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Use Fig. 7.1 to explain why this protease is from the pancreas and not from gastric juice.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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8 Lead(II) bromide is electrolysed using inert electrodes, as shown in Fig. 8.1.

power
supply

cathode anode

lead(II) bromide

HEAT

Fig. 8.1

(a) Lead forms during the electrolysis.

Table 8.1 shows the melting points of lead(II) bromide and lead.

Table 8.1

melting point / °C

lead(II) bromide 373

lead 328

(i) Lead(II) bromide must be heated strongly for the electrolysis to work.

Explain why.

Use ideas about ions in your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(ii) Suggest a suitable temperature for the electrolysis to take place.

Explain your answer.

temperature .................................... °C

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[1]

(iii) State whether lead forms as a solid or as a liquid during the electrolysis.

Use Table 8.1 to explain your answer.

lead forms as a ..........................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[1]

(b) Complete the sentences about the electrolysis of lead(II) bromide.

Use words from the list.

You may use each word once, more than once or not at all.

anode atoms cathode gain

lose molecules share

Lead ions are attracted to the ............................................................. .

The lead ions ............................................................. electrons to form

lead ............................................................. .
[2]

(c) Bromine gas forms during the electrolysis of lead(II) bromide.

State the colour of bromine gas.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

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9 (a) The electromagnetic spectrum has seven different regions, including microwaves and X‑rays.

(i) Fig. 9.1 shows an incomplete electromagnetic spectrum.

On Fig. 9.1, write microwaves and X‑rays in their correct places.

increasing frequency

gamma visible
radiation light

Fig. 9.1
[2]

(ii) Microwave ovens use microwaves to heat food.

A microwave oven uses microwaves with a frequency of 2.48 × 109 Hz.

The speed of the microwaves is 3 × 108 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of the microwaves.

wavelength = ....................................................... m [2]

(iii) X‑rays are used for medical imaging.

State one danger of X‑rays to human health.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) Fig. 9.2 shows two cups of hot water, A and B.

A B

Fig. 9.2

Both cups:

• are made of the same material

• contain the same volume of hot water at the same temperature

• rest on the same surface in the same surroundings.

(i) Describe two ways in which both cups of water lose thermal energy to their surroundings.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Explain why the water in cup B cools more quickly than the water in cup A.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2022 0653/42/O/N/22

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2022
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0653/42/O/N/22
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).