COORDINATE GEOMETRY

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
A pair of numbers locate points on a plane called the coordinates. The distance of a point from the y-axis is
known as abscissa or x-coordinate. The distance of a point from the x-axis is called ordinate or y-
coordinate.
Example: Consider a point P(3, 2), where 3 is the abscissa, and 2 is the
ordinate. 3 represent the distance of point P from the y-axis, and 2
represents the distance of point P from the x-axis.
Distance Formula
Distance between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by
d  ( x2  x1 ) 2  ( y 2  y1 ) 2
Where d i2s the distance between the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2).
Section Formula
If the point P(x, y) divides the line segment joining A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) internally in the ratio m:n, then,
the coordinates of P are given by the section formula as:
mx  nx1 my 2  ny1
P(x,y) = ( 2 , )
mn mn
●Midpoint formula:
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which is the midpoint of the line segment joining the points A(𝑥1 , 𝑦1),
and B(𝑥2 ,𝑦2) are:

P(x , y) =

SOME EXAMPLES (With Solutions)

MCQs
1 .AOBC is a rectangle whose three vertices are A(0, 3), O(0, 0) and B(3, 0). The length of its
diagonal is:
(a) 5 (c) √34
(b) 3 (d) 4
Ans (c) √34
2. The perimeter of a triangle with vertices (0, 4), (0, 0) and (3, 0) is:
(a) 5 (c) 11
(b) 12 (d) 4
Ans b) 12
3. 2. The distance between the point P(1, 4) and Q(4, 0) is
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) 3√3
Ans b) 5
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 4. If the distance between the points (8,p) and (4,3) is 5 units, then value of p is
(a) 6 (c) both (a) and (b)
(b) 0 (d) none of these
Ans (c) both (a) and (b)
5. If the origin is the mid-point of the line segment joined by the points (2,3) and (x,y), then the
value of (x,y) is
(a) (2, 3) (c) (−2,−3)
(b) (−2,3) (d) (2,−3)
Ans (d) (2,−3)
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
Q6. In order to conduct Sports Day activities in your School, lines have been drawn with chalk powder at a
distance of 1 m each, in a rectangular shaped ground ABCD, 100 flower pots have been placed at a distance
of 1 m from each other along AD, as shown in given figure below. Niharika runs 1/4 th the distance AD on
the 2nd line and posts a green flag. Preet runs 1/5th distance AD on the eighth line and posts a red flag.
1. Find the position of green flag
a) (2,25) b) (2,0.25) c) (25,2) d) (0, -25)
Answer: a) (2,25)
2. Find the position of red flag
a) (8,0) b) (20,8) c) (8,20) d) (8,0.2)
Answer: c) (8,20)
3. What is the distance between both the flags?
a) √41 b) √11 c) √61 d) √51
Answer: c) √61
4. If Rashmi has to post a blue flag exactly halfway between the line segment joining the two flags, where
should she post her flag?
a) (5, 22.5) b) (10,22) c) (2,8.5) d) (2.5,20)
Answer: a) (5, 22.5)
5. If Joy has to post a flag at one-fourth distance from green flag , in the line segment joining the green and
red flags, then where should he post his flag?
a) (3.5,24) b) (0.5,12.5) c) (2.25,8.5) d) (25,20)
Answer: a) (3.5,24)
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q6. Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is the diameter of a circle whose centre is O(2,3) and
B (1,−4). Ans: . A = (3,10)
Q7. The line joining the points (2, −1) and (5, −6) is bisected at P. If P lies on the line 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑘 = 0,
find the value of 𝑘. Ans: . k = 7
Q8. The coordinates of A and B are (1,2) and (2,3) respectively. If P lies on AB, find the coordinates of
P such that . Ans : p = (11/7, 18/7)
PRACTICE QUESTION:
MCQs
Q1. If four vertices of a parallelogram taken in order are (−3, −1),(𝑎, 𝑏), (3,3) and (4, 3), then a:b =
(a) 1:4 (c) 1:2
(b) 4:1 (d) 2:1
Q2. The point on x-axis equidistant from the points P(7, 6) and Q(−3,4) is:
(a) (−2,0) (c) (0, 4)
(b) (3, 0) (d) (0, 3)
Q3. The x- axis divides the join of P(2, −3) and Q(5, 6) in the ratio:
(a) 2:3 (c) 1 : 2
(b) 2:1 (d) 3 : 5

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 Q4. A line intersects the y-axis and x-axis at the points P and Q, respectively. If (2,−5) is the mid-
point of PQ, then the coordinates of P and Q are, respectively
(a) (0, −5), (2, 0) (c) (0, 10), (−4,0)
(b) (0,4),(−10,0) (d) (0,−10),(4,0)
Q5. Assertion :The distance point P(2,3) from the x-axis is 3.
Reason: The distance from x-axis is equal to its ordinate.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) Assertion is true but the reason is false. d.) Both assertion and reason are false.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q6 .State whether the following statement is true or false. Justify your answer: Point P(5, −3) is one of the
two points of trisection of the line segment joining the points A(7,−2) and B(1, −5).
Q7.If the joining the points A(4, −5) and B(4,5) is divided by the point P such that , find the
coordinates of P.
Q8. If (1,p/3) is the midpoint of the line segment joining the points (2, 0) and (0, 2/9), then show that
the line 5x + 3y + 2 = 0 passes through the point (-1, 3p).
Q9. Three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A(1, 2), B(1, 0) and C(4, 0). Find the
fourth vertex D.
Q10.Find the value of x for which the distance between (x, 7) and (-1, -5) is 13 units
Q11.Find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the point A(6, 5) and B(-4, 3).
Q12.If the distance of P(x, y) from the points A(3, 6) and B(-3, 4) are equal. Prove that 3x + y = 5. If (-
3,2), (1, -2) and (5, 6) are the mid-points of the sides of a triangle, find the coordinates of the vertices
of the triangle.
Q13.If coordinates of two adjacent vertices of a parallelogram are (3, 2), (1, 0) and diagonals bisect
each other at (2, -5), find the coordinates of other two vertices.
Q14.If A(-2, 1), B(a, 0), C(4, b) and D(1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD, find the values
of a and b. Hence find the lengths of its sides.
Q15. Determine the ratio in which the line 3x + y – 9 = 0 divides the line segment joining the points (1,
3) and (2, 7). Also, find the coordinates of the point of division.
CASE BASED STUDY QUESTIONS
Q16. Three friends are standing at point A, B and C. Look at the
figure below:
Questions:
a) Write down the coordinates of A,B and C shown in the
graph.
b) Find the distance between AB, BC and CA.
c) Are they standing at an equal distance from each other?
Justify your answer.
d) Point C lies on the line segment between
points A and B such that AC:CB = 4:3. Find the
coordinates of point C.
Q17. The top of a table is shown in the figure given below:
(i) The coordinates of the points H and G are respectively
(a) (1, 5), (5, 1) (b) (0, 5), (5, 0)
(c) (1, 5), (5, 0) (d) (5, 1), (1, 5)
(ii) The distance between the points A and B is
(a) 4 units (b) 4 2 units
(c) 16 units (d) 32 units

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(iii) The coordinates of the mid-point of line segment joining points M and Q are
(a) (9, 3) (b) (5, 11)
(c) (14, 14) (d) (7, 7)
(iv) Which among the following have same ordinate?
(a) H and A (b) T and O (c) R and M (d) N and R
v) If G is taken as the origin, and x, y axis put along GF and GB, then the point denoted by coordinate
(4, 2) is
(a) H (b) F (c) Q (d) R
Q18. The class X students school in Rishikesh have been
allotted a rectangular plot of land for their gardening
activity. Saplings of Gulmohar are planted on the boundary
at a distance of 1 m from each other. There is triangular
grassy lawn in the plot as shown in the figure. The students
are to sow seeds of flowering plants on the remaining area
of the plot.
1. Taking A as origin, find the coordinates of P
a) (4,6) b) (6,4) c) (0,6) d) (4,0)
2. What will be the coordinates of R, if C is the origin?
a) (8,6) b) (3,10) c) (10,3) d) (0,6)
3. What will be the coordinates of Q, if C is the origin?
a) (6,13) b) (-6,13) c) (-13,6) d) (13,6)
4. Calculate the area of the triangles if A is the origin
a) 4.5 b) 6 c) 8 d) 6.25
5. Calculate the area of the triangles if C is the origin
a) 8 b) 5 c) 6.25 d) 4.5
ANSWERS : PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Ans 1. (d) 2:1, Ans 2 (b) (3,0), Ans 3 (b) 2 : 1, Ans 4 (d) (0,−10),(4,0)
Ans 5 a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
Ans 6 True, Ans 7. P = (4,-15/7), Ans 8. Proof, Ans 9 D(4, 2) , Ans 10.x = 4 or -6
Ans 11. (0,9)Ans 12. Proof, Ans 13 (1, -12) and (3, -10),
Ans 14 a = 1, b = 1. Length of the sides AB = BC = CD = DA = √10 units
Ans 15 (3:4), Ans 16 a) (-2,2), (-1,-2), (3,0); b)17, 25 ,29
c) No, because distance between them is different in each case, d) (-10/7, -2/7)
Ans 17. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3.(d) 4. (b) 5. (c)
Ans 18. 1. a) (4,6) 2. c) (10,3) 3. d) (13,6) 4. a) 4.5 5. d) 4.5

TEST-1: M.M. 20
SECTION A ( 2 x 4=8)
Q1. Find the perimeter of a triangle with vertices (0, 4), (0, 0) and (3, 0)
Q2. Find the value of p if the distance between the points (8,p) and (4,3) is 5 units.
Q3. Find the radius of circle whose end points of diameter are (-4,1)and (2,-3).
Q4.What is the distance between the points A(c, 0) and B(0,-c) ?
SECTION B ( 3X 4=12)
Q5..If the distance between the points (4, p) and (1,0) is 5 , find the value of p.
Q6.For what value of p are the points (2,1) , (p,-1) and (-1,3) are collinear.
Q7.The line joining the points (2, −1) and (5, −6) is bisected at P. If P lies on the line 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑘 = 0,
find the value of 𝑘.
Q8.Find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the point A(6, 5) and B(-4, 3).
SECTION C ( 5 x 2=10)
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Q9. a)If coordinates of two adjacent vertices of a parallelogram are (3, 2), (1, 0) and diagonals bisect
each other at (2, -5), find the coordinates of other two vertices.
b) Find the value of x for which the distance between (x, 7) and (-1, -5) is 13 units.
Q10. If A(-2, 1), B(a, 0), C(4, b) and D(1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD, find the values
of a and b. Hence find the lengths of its sides.
ANSWERS : Ans1 12 units, Ans2 both (a) and (b), Ans3. 13 units, Ans4 C√2 units
Ans5. +4 and -4, Ans6 P=5, Ans7. K=7, Ans8 (0,9), Ans9 a) (1, -12) and (3, -10)
b) x = 4 or -6, Ans10. a = 1, b = 1. Length of the sides AB = BC = CD = DA = √10 units.

TEST-2: M.M. 30
SECTION A ( 2 x 5=10)
Q1. Find the distance of the point (-3, 4) from the x-axis. (2012OD)
Q2 .Find the radius of circle whose end points of diameter are (-4,1)and (2,-3)
Q3..State whether the following statement is true or false. Justify your answer: Point P(5, −3) is one of
the two points of trisection of the line segment joining the points A(7,−2) and B(1, −5)
Q4. Prove that the points (7, 10), (-2, 5) and (3, -4) are the vertices of an isosceles right triangle
Q5.Show that the points (-2, 3), (8, 3) and (6, 7) are the vertices of a right triangle.
SECTION B ( 3X5=15)
Q6 For what value of k will k + 9, 2k – 1 and 2k + 7 are the consecutive terms of an A.P.?
Q7.ABCD is a rectangle whose three vertices are B(4, 0), C(4, 3) and D(0, 3). Calculate the length of
one of its diagonals.
Q8 .Find a relation between x and y such that the point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A (2, 5)
and B (-3, 7).
Q9. Prove that the points A(2, 3), B(-2, 2), C(-1, -2) and D(3, -1) are the vertices of a square ABCD.
Q10. If A(4, 3), B(-1, y) and C(3, 4) are the vertices of a right triangle ABC, right-angled at A, then
find the value of y.
SECTION C ( 5X3=15)
Q11. If A(5, 2), B(2, -2) and C(-2, t) are the vertices of a right angled triangle with ∠B = 90°, then find
the value of t.
Q12 Find the ratio in which y-axis divides the line segment joining the points A(5, -6), and B(-1, -4).
Also find the coordinates of the point of division
Q13 Determine the ratio in which the line 3x + y – 9 = 0 divides the segment joining the points (1, 3)
and (2, 7).
ANSWERS: Ans1. 4 units, Ans2. √13 units, Ans3 true, Ans4 proof, Ans5 proof
Ans6. K=18, Ans7. AC=5cm, Ans8. 10x+29 =4y is the required relation
Ans9 proof, Ans10. Y=-2, Ans11. t=1, Ans12 ( 0,-13/3),
Ans13 The required ratio is 3:4 internally

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