E Governance Group 1

Central Philippine University
Lopez Jaena St., Jaro, Iloilo City

Telephone number: (63) (33)3291971
E-Governance
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Course
Good Governance and Social Responsibility
Submitted by:
Jade M. Gabata
Trixie Grace Faldas
Jane Kyla Pamillaran
Julia Shane Recio
PSPA 3202
Submitted to:
Alfonso B. Catolin
Instructor
May 2023
Table of Contents
Introduction: Description of the subject
a. Background and rationale in discussing the subject…………………………………………….1
b. Statement of the problems related to the subject……………………………………………….2
c. Objectives of the report…………………………………………………………………………….2
d. Definition of terms and basic concepts…………………………………………………………..3
2. Description of the subject. The contents are:
Purpose………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
Strategy……………………………………………………………………………………………….5-7
Components…………………………………………………………………………………………7-13
3. Review of Related Literature …………………………………………………………………14
4. How do the proposed strategy addressed the problems?
Expected outcomes.
Benefits ……………………………………………………………………………………………..15-16
Drawbacks……………………………………………………………………………………………16-17
Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18
Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………………..19
References……………………………………………………………………………………………20
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Background and rationale in discussing the subject
The Internet, the personal computers and the mobile phones have revolutionized
our lives. This revolutionizing also affects governments through e-government while
governments around the world recognize e-government’s importance and benefits and
looking for related solutions to optimize their services to the citizens. Digital technology
has become part of daily life for most people, and it has come to be an expected
element of interacting with businesses and agencies alike. This has opened the world of
digital government services to bring a simple online experience coupled with efficiency
and innovation for each citizen. This enables each individual to communicate freely with
their local public authorities and access needed information with the click of a button.
Hours of waiting in long lines and filling out piles of paperwork have been transformed
into online forms with drop-down menus and easy-to-follow instructions.
According to Philippine Statistics Authority the Functional literacy rate of Filipinos

by exposure to different forms of mass media ranges from 92.6 percent to 97.1 percent
in 2019. Filipinos 10 to 64 years old used the internet more frequently for social media
(73.9%) than for research work and e-mail (63.6%). This also held true between urban
and rural areas, between sexes, and across age groups.The gradual shift to digital or
online media platforms transformed the overall media market in the Philippines. Despite
limitations in network infrastructure, Filipinos were among the biggest audience of online
or digital media which they access not only for entertainment purposes but also for
news consumption. In fact, in 2020, the Philippines was among the top five countries
with the highest online media market value. As with other countries globally, print media
has slowly lost its relevance in the media market forcing the industry to turn digital.
Meanwhile, social media and streaming services became alternative sources of news
and entertainment. (Statista Research Department, 2023)
This paper aims to examine the impact of information and communication

technology (ICT) on bureaucracy and e-government, explore e-government and its
various stages of evolution, discuss some of the benefits and challenges of e-
government adoption, and determine the role of e-government in driving organizational
change and effectiveness.
1
Statement of the problems related to the subject

Problems encountered by governments all around the world are under pressure
to deliver services that are citizen-centric, efficient, transparent, effective, one stop, any
time, and nonstop due to increasing globalization, fiscal, social, and technical
developments. The demand for such services is much greater in post-conflict nations
since they fill the void left by the violence and will be the only ones provided, as
opposed to just improving on the current government services that currently satisfy
citizen needs. The most effective approach to combine the public and private sectors
and to deliver services with accountability, openness, and efficiency is through the
adoption of technology, but this is not a simple undertaking, especially for developing
nations.
In recent months we hear of outrageous abuses in the airport with immigration
and security personnel, long queue in obtaining government services, graft and
corruption with impunity, bloated and inefficient bureaucracy making the lives of
citizens. Population is increasing, demand for effective and fast services is multiplying
and pressures are mounting against the government to do better. Currently, digitization
rate in government is 52.81%
Objectives of the report

During the presentation and through deep scrutinization, the reporters aims to
determine how E-governance uses information technology to reduce corruption, ensure
timely administration of services and information, and provide timely information in order
to maintain good governance in our country. It also aim to explains the various
outcomes of e-government, whether either beneficial or detrimental. In the public
service, it aims to know and observe the raise public service quality through
digitalization and providing on line services, raise e-Government service usage rate,
Administrative efficiency, maximize efficiency of public administration by enabling real
time administration through integrated information resource management, electronic
work processes and information sharing Administrative democracy, and expand political
participation by providing administrative information and strengthening citizens’ control
of personal information.
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Definition of terms and basic concepts
In order for e-governance to be fully understand, terms and basic concepts have been
presented and discussed. The following terms were defined:
Digitization- defined as the process of converting something physical information into a

digital a format.
Information technology- is the use of computers to create, process, store, retrieve and
exchange all kinds of data and information.
E-governance- is the application of Information and Communication Technologies

(ICTs) for delivering government services
ICT infrastructure- are all the information and communications technology

infrastructure and systems (including software, hardware, firmware, networks, and the
company websites) that are used in an organization.
Software- a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate a computers and

execute specific tasks. In simpler terms, software tells a computers how to function. It’s
a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts, and programs that run on devices
such as PCs, mobile phones, tablets, and other smart services.
Hardware- is the visible and touchable portion of a computer. It is the physical

component of the computer, and this component consists of circuit boards, ICs, and
other electronics.
Transparency - is defined as the ability to find out what is going on inside government
and Fundamentally important to democratic governance. It Avenues of government
transparency: open meetings, access to records. Common reasons for not releasing
information: national security, law enforcement, personal privacy. E-governance will
increase government transparency to its citizens
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Description of the subject
Purpose
E-government involves the digitization of procedures, documents, and services to

improve governance by the use of modern technology. Digital government uses the
tools provided to improve the management and organization of a governments’ services
to appeal to the current needs of its citizens. This form of government can support the
functionality of the agencies themselves when the public authorities and the
administrative personnel work together efficiently.
Cooperation between different departments and agencies translates to a smooth

process when relaying or obtaining information from the public via the online
technologies put in place. The overall structure involved in e-government technology
produces an efficient, transparent, and convenient digital government.
The purpose of technological advancement in general is to satisfy human demands to

make life adequate and comfortable, at the present and the future. While the private
sector is quick to take advantage of technology to sustain if not gain business
advantage, government is slow to realize and act on maximizing the use technology to
enhance the quantity and quality of its services. R.A. 8792 s of 2000 "Electronic
Commerce Act of 2000” was passed in 2000 primarily for the private sector while
several government agencies and LGUs have initiated in digitizing some of their
services to address the growing demands with some favorable results. However,
Congress has yet to pass the e-governance law that provides the road map a
comprehensive national scale digitization.
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Strategy
The E-government strategies are controlled by the actions and the finalized
processes according to the government updating concerning these means such as the
means of enhancing the transparency, questioning and wise ruling where the activities
are decided within a short, medium and long term ranges with goals that could be
possibly achieved (Gathungu & Mungai, 2012). The strategy of the E- government
should target the locations and sectors of high opportunities administration for success
and product (Pacific council on International policy, 2002,). It is essential that the
highest levels of government, whether elected officials or their appointees, fully
understand the significance of putting digital, data, and technology at the center of the
future of public administration.
The beginnings of e-government development can be traced to the creation of

the National Computer Centre in 1971 to start automating the processes of the
Philippine Government. Martial Law was declared in 1972 and was only lifted after the
1986 EDSA revolution.After the revolution democratic institutions started functioning
and growth-oriented policies were implemented. The Philippines has seen six ICT
strategic plans and six implementing agencies in over 20 years. These plans have often
been introduced by the incoming government administrations, were a guiding influence
on their implementation and the strategic thrust.
There is no Philippine law that guarantees the right to Internet access. The e-
Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act 8792) provides for the recognition and use of
electronic commercial and noncommercial transactions and documents, and penalties
for unlawful use. There are no legislative frameworks regulating the delivery of digitally
enabled services or the openness of the technical architecture of the underlying e-
services or citizen charters guaranteeing responsiveness and accountability of e-
government services, and specifying redress mechanisms.
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The enactment of the Public Telecommunications Policy Act of the Philippines of

1995 (Republic Act 795), which liberalized the telecommunications sector and
encouraged private ownership of telecommunication services and market competition in
the business environment. This legislation contributed to an increase in tele-density and
mobile cellular telephone subscription and provided a “solid base for mobile and land-
based telecommunication networks”. However, a 2008 assessment pointed to “massive
underutilized infrastructure” and a concentration of services in urban areas.
The launch of the National Information Technology Plan for the 21st Century
(IT21) in 1997, which aimed for every business, government agency, school, and home
in the Philippines to have access to Information Technology (IT) by 2000. In addition it
aimed for IT use to be pervasive in daily life by 2005, and for the country to become a
Knowledge Centre for Asia by 2010. It directed all government agencies to have
Internet connectivity; encouraged outsourcing of IT projects within government agencies
to promote ICT growth; stimulated the growth of the Philippine web; and ordered the
development of the Philippine Information Infrastructure framework. This effort has been
quite successful. Since 2000, the Business Process Outsourcing and Offshoring (BPO)
industry has been a significant driver of economic growth, and this is regarded as one of
the reasons for the country’s resilience during the 2008 global financial crisis. The BPO
and IT sectors are regarded as the “most important job generators” as the industry
employs a million of Filipino professionals, particularly in the call center and outsourcing
businesses.
Shifting into effective, successful and competent E- government requires an

adequate vision and a clear facets mission and goals aim at achieving them with
adequate priorities in the light of criteria and qualifications go in line with and
correspond the developments of the modern technology. As a result it is necessary to
choose the government projects based on achieving the possible maximum outcome. In
order to develop the strategy it is based on the three-dimensional frame:
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E-services focuses on the increasing of the level of the E-converting of the government
componentsand presenting high quality services through various channels enriching the
workers’ needs.
E-readiness Focusing on the development of the ability of the united components in

Iraq in terms of the technical, systematic and human levels on the application of
solutions of ICT and shifting towards the E- government.
ICT environment dimension includes the coverage of the organizing factors such as
the policies and legislations that affect the execution of the initiatives of the E-
government.
Components of E-Governance
Online services are provided through the Integration of business processes,

policies, procedures, tools, technologies and human resources to support both assisted
and unassisted customer services us-ing ICT networks. One of the key online services
developed in the country is E-Procurement. The Philippine Government Electronic
Procurement System (PhilGEPS) is an electronic bulletin board and web portal of
government procurement bid notices and awards. It contains all procurement processes
related to bidding, contract agreements, and payment for supplies and services. The
single window system simplifies government procurement through an Internet-based
platform. The system is being redesigned to achieve transparency in all stages of the
process from procurement planning to project management and contract
implementation. The PhilGEPS will be linked with the Government Integrated Financial
Management Information System (GIFMIS) to streamline budget and expenditure
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tracking. Other online services that are being developed are the E-Tax and E-Health
platforms.
E-Tax is an online tax payment service that can be effectively developed by the
Bureau of Internal Revenue. In general, online tax services allow citizens to apply for
public certificates and receive tax advice at home and work via the Internet and mobile
phones (NCC and NIPA 2012). BIR processes are identified in the list of government
transactions that would be simplified (NEDA 2017). At the sub-national level, the E-Real
Property Tax System automates the four key functions of local government units (LGUs)
in real estate taxation.
E-Health should promote interoperability among the different health information

technology systems. These include hospital systems, health reporting systems, and
health financial systems. The objective is to generate an integrated health information
system that is harmonized and beneficial to the broader public health sector. Standards
are needed to build registries for diseases, terminologies, hos- pitals, and patients, and
create systems for information exchange. The MITHI Health Cluster will fund crucial
infrastructure for the interoperability of health information along with important frontline
applications that can be scaled up such as community health information tracking
systems and hospital operation systems (ICTO 2013).
Online services and one-stop shops are applied in efforts to ease the cost of
doing business. In 2012, the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), DTI,
and the ICTO launched the Business Permits and Licensing Services (BPLS)
Automation Project. It sought to computerize the BPLS in all cities and municipalities. In
coordination with the Local Government Academy, LGUs were trained in streamlining
business registration processes using the prescribed standards. In 2016, the DTI,
DILG,and DICT released a Joint Memorandum Circular mandating LGUs to submit a
unified application form with only two signatories. Under the circular, LGUs are asked to
trim down the processing time of business registration to two days and renewals to one
day, with a maximum of three steps or less in terms of procedures for both new
applicants and renewals (DBM 2017).
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An online service platform that is being redeveloped is PhPay. This Internet-

based payment facility will enable citizens and businesses to remit payments
electronically to government agencies. It renders services through various delivery
channels, which include debit instructions (ATM accounts), credit instructions (credit
cards) and mobile wallets (SMS). The online payment service will reduce the need for
face-to-face transactions thereby limiting opportunities for corruption.
National Portal
The National Portal is the basic interface for stakeholders to access government
information. As the official journal of the Republic of the Philippines, the Official Gazette
provides a singular platform for publishing government documents, statements, and
announcements. It functions as the National Gov- ernment Portal (NGP) which is a
unified interface in the form of a one-stop source for information and service delivery.
The NGP is seen as a gateway that gathers all web-based government content to
maximize efficiency and deliver swift and high-quality service to citizens. The single
website platform effectively lessens costs compared to maintaining multiple sites. For
citizens, business or government users, this means access to reliable online public
information and services. The design of the NGP allows Government-to-Government
(G2G), Government-to-Citizen (G2C), and Government-to-Business (G2B) services to
occur in one venue. In addition, the NGP helps to unify the Philippine Government
under a singular online identity. The NGP reduces the number of physical appearance
required in government transactions. This makes things more comfortable for the
citizen. Paper-based document generation and processing time will likewise be
lessened. Aside from simplifying transactions, the NGP also offers an access point for
government data. This brings significant government information at your doorsteps. It
allows citizens to customize their web page to display the theme and information and
services they want to access at any time.
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Government CIO
The Government Chief Information Officer (CIO) exercises leadership and
governance capacity to supervise the implementation of ICT programs to improve public
services. The CIO aligns ICT investment so that the balance between the applied
business strategy, organizational change, and government transaction reform is
achieved. Implementing E-Government is complex and requires not only a vision and a
plan but also strong leadership at the highest level. Since the goal of E-Government is
greater efficiency and transparency in the provision of public goods, institutional reforms
are needed (Magno 2010).
In 2016, Republic Act No. 10844 was passed creating the DICT with the mandate
to serve as the primary planning, coordinating, and administrative entity to implement
the national ICT development agenda. The establishment of a permanent Department
signals the institution of regularity in the exer- cise of top-level leadership in the e
pursuit of ICT development and E-Government programs. The law provides for the
creation of a CIO Council which shall consist of CIOs with the DICT Secretary serv- ing
as the Chairman. The CIO Council will assist the Department in the implementation of
government ICT initiatives.
Types of Interactions in E-Governance
1. G2G (Government to Government): When the exchange of information and

services is within the periphery of the government, is termed as G2G interaction.
This can be both horizontal, i.e. among various government entities and vertical,
i.e. between national, state and local government entities and within different
levels of the entity.
2. G2C (Government to Citizen): The interaction amidst the government and

general public is G2C interaction. Here an interface is set up between
government and citizens, which enables citizens to get access to wide variety of
public services. The citizens has the freedom to share their views and grievances
on government policies anytime, anywhere.
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3. G2B (Government to Business): In this case, the e-governance helps the

business class to interact with the government seamlessly. It aims at eliminating
red-tapism, saving time, cost and establish transparency in the business
environment, while interacting with government.
4. G2E (Government to Employees): The government of any country is the

biggest employer and so it also deals with employees on a regular basis, as
other employers do. ICT helps in making the interaction between government
and employees fast and efficient, along with raising their level of satisfaction by
providing perquisites and add-on benefits.
E-Government Promotion
E-Government promotion was also carried out through budget support

mechanisms such as the E-Government Fund (EGF). The facility was created to finance
mission-critical, high-impact cross-agency projects. The EGF was initially created under
the General Appropriations Act (GAA) of 2003. The fund was set up by allocating 2
percent of the capital outlays and maintenance and other op- erating expenses of each
government agency for E-Government projects. This amounted to around PHP 4 billion.
In 2004, Executive Order No. 269 mandated the institutionalization and inclusion of the
EGF in the annual budget. Since its institutionalization in the national budget, the
allocation for the EGF designed has amounted to at least PHP 1 billion annually. For the
2014 budget year, the EGF allocation reached PHP PHP 2.48 billion (Disini Law Office
2015).
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E-Participation
E-Participation refers to ICT-enable participation in governance processes. It

focuses on the demand side of E-Government in terms of how people are using digital
platforms. To foster E-Participation, digital inclusion initiatives are needed. Digital
inclusion seeks to address the digital divide problem which is considered as a
phenomenon where certain groups, based on social, demographic, and geo- graphic
factors, are at a disadvantage due to lack of access or facility with ICT (Bannister and
Leahy 2014).
There are ongoing initiatives at both the national and sub-national level to strengthen
the E-Participation aspect of E-Government in the Philippines. The E-Participation
through the National Govern- ment Portal (www.gov.ph) Program is being developed by
the DICT as a commitment under the Phil- ippine Open Government Partnership (PH-
OGP) National Action Plan 2017‒2019. Under the program, a set of online tools will
give citizen access to government information, space for consultation, and a platform
for collaboration.
It has three main components. The first is E-Information which equips citizens
with open data and public information. The second is E-Consultation which solicits in-
puts from citizens on public deliberations on policy issues. The third is E-Decision
Making which encourages citizens to co-design and co-produce public goods and
services. The National Government Portal endeavors to heighten citizen participation in
public policy and service provision by deploying E-Participation tools. The plan is to
launch www.gov.ph with at least five of the following priority services of the government:
(1) basic services, (2) Voting Services, (3) taxation services, (4) education and
scholarships, (5) civil services, job openings, and trainings, (6) business registration,
(7) investing, (8) OFW services, (9) housing, and (10) citizenship and migration.
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Open Government Data
Open government data concerns information that can be freely used, reused and
redistributed. The released data is available online to allow the public to access it
without having to pay fees. In 2013, the Office of the Presidential Spokesperson (OPS),
Presidential Communications Development and Stra- tegic Planning Office (PCDSPO),
and Department of Budget and Management (DBM) formed the Open Data Policy
(ODP) Task Force to begin dialogues and engage partners in the transparency initiative.
The active use of open data to monitor public services is crucial in addressing the
transparency defi- cit. It is important to put up feedback loops to engage citizens and
other stakeholders in the co-creation and delivery of services, as well as the
development of response networks, to maintain a lively ecosystem of open data users.
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is assessed by looking at how the government is able to protect

the security properties of the organization and user assets against relevant security
risks. Addressing these risks become urgent given the dark forces in the online world.
The Use of Emerging ICT
The use of emerging ICT aims to improve E-Government quality in the

Philippines. A key innovation is the Cloud computing. It is a model for enabling
ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources, such as networks, servers, storage, applications and services,
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service
provider interaction.
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Review of Related Literature
The emergence of information and communication technology (ICT) has affected

the functions and roles of governments. E-governance has been one of the main
impacts of ICT. Many governments have realised the benefits of e-governance and
have started offering their services through the internet. (Palanisamy, 2004)
The tremendous potential of the government to serve the people is realized
through its practical application and use of ICT to provide efficient and affordable
services, information, and knowledge to the citizens being governed (Prabhu, 2015). It
established connections between the state and society, government and people, human
interaction, and governance. It will alter how people interact with the government in the
same ways that it alters how people interact with one another (Katyal, 2002).
E-governance is one of the most cutting-edge efforts to develop effective

governance. Currently, practically all developed, undeveloped, and developing nations
use e-governance aspects to aid in their national growth. Thus, its significance in the
modern world is enormous. The solutions to all the queries about e-governance are
provided below.By integrating ICT into the governance processes, a new paradigm
known as “Electronic-Governance” or “E-Government” has emerged in the field of
governance. In terms of dependable access to information within government, between
government, at the national, state, municipal, and local level, among citizens, and
businesses, e-governance improves transparency, accountability, efficiency, and
effectiveness of the governing process. It also empowers businesses through
information access and use (Dwivedi and Bharti: 2005). Giving citizens access to
transparent, egalitarian, and accountable service delivery is the main goal of electronic
government. The goal of e-governance is to ensure that people participate in the
political process through electronic channels like email, websites, SMS connectivity, and
others while facilitating and improving the quality of governance.
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Expected outcomes
Benefits
The ability to offer residents a wider range of governmental services in a

methodical and economical manner is the goal of e-governance. Because it enables the
public to learn about the government’s projects and the policies it is attempting to enact,
it promotes government openness.Enhancing the effectiveness of the current system
will be the key benefit of implementing electronic government. Another benefit is that it
strengthens interactions between the public and civic authorities, lowers costs, boosts
revenue growth, and increases transparency in the administration.The primary
drawback of e-governance is the lack of impartial public internet access, reliable online
information, and covert government group agendas that could influence and sway public
opinion.
The primary benefit would be replacing and optimizing the Paper Based System
while implementing electronic government. That could save lots of time, money and also
environment in return due to reducing paper consumption. The implementation of e-
government could also promote better communications between government and
business sectors. For example e-procurement as a subsidiary of e-government services
could facilitate communication between G2G and B2B that this will allow smaller
businesses to compete with bigger companies in public tenders. Hence the benefit of e-
government could be creating open and transparent market and a stronger economy.
Governmental procedures are improved using ICT in public administrations,

which also ensures sustained development.The use of ICT in all facets of governance
can eliminate pointless human engagement in the delivery of services from the state to
its constituents. So, through enhancing transparency and accountability in the public
sectors, ICT has been fostering good governance. It promotes decision-making, public
involvement, and the effective delivery of products and services to the populace. The
procedure of ensuring the citizen’s right to information and functions was developed in
this context using ICT. Through their websites or e-platforms, government institutions
15
and sectors have been informing the public about their accomplishments, programs,
and plans. Additionally, residents can use the to provide comments or ask questions
about any initiatives or programs that most directly affect them from their homes.
Disadvantages of E-Governance
The problems that evolve in E-governance are issues with providing information
to citizens or gaining universal access; Using new media and information and
communication technology effectively presents challenges including the total; problems
with maintaining secrecy, security, and privacy; issues with gathering information only
once and distributing it with all necessary services; issues with maintaining information
properly; issues with fair information access; and Information sharing issues inside and
between governments. Philippines is 5th in ranking among South East Asian countries
and 88th in the world who are actively using ICT and moved 10 steps down in ranking
from 2010 to 2012. Philippines is lower in all five parameters (e-participation, e-
Government, human capital, online service, infrastructure) in comparison to Singapore
and all parameters of Malaysia except the human capital index. Many of Filipinos are
literate in using digital media.
In the Philippines, the internet is incredibly slow. For a low-income or

middle class family, using the internet is quite difficult because it is not merely slow but
also extremely costly. The Philippines requires its citizens to pay for internet access, in
contrast to other nations where it is available for free. Also, many of the barangays here
in the Philippines has no enough signal which means even they do have phones, they
could still not connect with the internet and be informed. We are aware that many
Filipinos are actually embracing the changes caused by globalization especially the
digital world. The problem here is the lack of fund for ICT by the government. There is
no enough internet access for the citizens. Majority (63%) of Internet users access the
Internet through mobile data and not everyone could afford to buy data for themselves
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It is difficult for citizens to gain access from government information due to the fact that
the internet here in the Philippines is not stable and until now, many barangays has no
enough signal to connect with their digital services. Information may be available
anytime for the those who have the access to the internet but those who are living in a
less developed community won’t be informed and they will likely be less improved since
we are now embracing the digitalization. Citizens won’t be able to understand the
government.
Building an efficient e-governance system in a developing nation requires a large

investment in pricey infrastructure. All public sector businesses, regardless of level, will
need servers and computer systems that can link to the Internet to handle vast amounts
of information and cyber threats. Websites for e-governance are susceptible to malware
and hacker attacks, which puts people's private information at danger. This information
includes name, age, address, bank information, and more. The systems of
governmental institutions need to be protected from sophisticated internet attacks.
Privacy and security is also important for every citizens so if cybercrime is very
relevant in a community, it will risk the privacy of the citizens. Also, hackers may attack
government data which could cause a trouble to the government. It will take time and
money for a data to recover so it is indeed important for us to find people who will be
able to protect our data. Problems of information sharing between and within
governments happened in America when the secret National Security Agency was
reveled. The government were spying the citizens in order to make sure that there will
be no terrorism to happen. The government can detect whatever and wherever a citizen
is. That situation became an issue before in America because they didn’t ask for the
consent of the citizens.
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Conclusion
We are now starting to see change in governmental institutions, a greater

emphasis on ‘partnership working,’ both with citizens, businesses and third sector
organizations, decentralization and changes in working processes; more knowledge
intensive and personalized services and in some cases, greater openness and
transparency of political processes. All of these trends have a long way to go and many
could be stopped in their tracks, by issues of uneven access to technology or content
which alienates or patronizes users.
The use of electronic means, to promote good governance. It connotes the

implementation of information technology in the government processes and functions so
as to cause simple, moral, accountable and transparent governance. It entails the
access and delivery of government services, dissemination of information,
communication in a quick and efficient manner.
E-governance can only be possible if the government is ready for it. It is not a
one day task, and so the government has to make plans and implement them before
switching to it. Some of the measures include Investment in telecommunication
infrastructure, budget resources, ensure security, monitor assessment, internet
connectivity speed, promote awareness among public regarding the importance,
support from all government departments and so forth. Through e-governance, the
government plans to raise the coverage and quality of information and services
provided to the general public, by the use of ICT in an easy, economical and effective
manner. The process is extremely complicated which requires, the proper arrangement
of hardware, software, networking and indeed re-engineering of all the processes to
facilitate better delivery of services.
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Recommendations
E-government may increase government transparency by allowing the public to

be informed about what the government is working on and the policies that are being
implemented. Local governments should make use of existing IT infrastructure
developments and enhance their e-governance efforts to improve citizen-government
connectivity. Before launching an e-governance website, government processes need
be reengineered. Pilot initiatives initiated by local governments will serve as models for
other governments. Citizens' perspectives should drive the development of e-
governance application platforms. Because of the tremendous growth in information
availability, citizens' ability to share knowledge has multiplied, and they are more
powerful than ever before. Citizens, infrastructure providers, government politicians, and
other stakeholders will be involved to ensure the success of e-government.
We need to develop far more sophisticated systems for capturing and measuring
the impact of e-governance, so that we can judge its success in other than just crude,
‘availability’ terms. And we need to be able to judge the real impact on citizens, not just
changes in production or distribution of public services.
Above all, e-governance must be viewed as an integral aspect of governance,

not as a secondary consideration. Technology decisions, from the usage of open source
to the treatment of personal data, are increasingly being made in the political domain,
which is to be commended. Efforts to improve ICT access and to encourage people to
utilize ICT more in their daily activities must focus on improving awareness, knowledge
and skills for using ICT. The low awareness such as in online financial transactions and
lack of knowledge of many in using the Internet prevent them from maximizing the gains
from ICT. Older people and those who have low educational attainment must be
targeted in information and education programs.
19
References:
Mohammed, K. N. (2020). E-Government Strategies as a Modern Perspective of

Learning Organizations: Practical Study in the Directorate of Work-Iraq of Anbar.
https://www.redalyc.org/journal/279/27963086007/html/
Ao-Itc. (2019, October 2). What is e-Government and why it is important? - Gräbner
Omahna IT Consulitng. Gräbner Omahna IT Consulitng. https://www.ao-itc.de/what-is-
e-government-and-why-it-is-important/
Admin. (2023, April 24). What is E-Governance | Significance, Objectives & Features.
Westford Online. https://www.westfordonline.com/blogs/significance-of-e-
governance/#:~:text=It%20promotes%20decision%2Dmaking%2C%20public,and
%20services%20to%20the%20populace.
Anttiroiko, A. (2004). Introduction to Democratic e-Governance. In IGI Global eBooks (pp. 22–
50). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-130-8.ch002
20

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Central Philippine University

Lopez Jaena St., Jaro, Iloilo City

Introduction: Description of the subject

a. Background and rationale in discussing the subject…………………………………………….1

b. Statement of the problems related to the subject……………………………………………….2

c. Objectives of the report…………………………………………………………………………….2

d. Definition of terms and basic concepts…………………………………………………………..3

2. Description of the subject. The contents are:

3. Review of Related Literature …………………………………………………………………14

4. How do the proposed strategy addressed the problems?

Background and rationale in discussing the subject

According to Philippine Statistics Authority the Functional literacy rate of Filipinos

This paper aims to examine the impact of information and communication

Statement of the problems related to the subject

Objectives of the report

Definition of terms and basic concepts

Digitization- defined as the process of converting something physical information into a

E-governance- is the application of Information and Communication Technologies

ICT infrastructure- are all the information and communications technology

Software- a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate a computers and

Hardware- is the visible and touchable portion of a computer. It is the physical

Description of the subject

E-government involves the digitization of procedures, documents, and services to

Cooperation between different departments and agencies translates to a smooth

The purpose of technological advancement in general is to satisfy human demands to

The beginnings of e-government development can be traced to the creation of

The enactment of the Public Telecommunications Policy Act of the Philippines of

Shifting into effective, successful and competent E- government requires an

E-readiness Focusing on the development of the ability of the united components in

Online services are provided through the Integration of business processes,

E-Health should promote interoperability among the different health information

An online service platform that is being redeveloped is PhPay. This Internet-

Types of Interactions in E-Governance

1. G2G (Government to Government): When the exchange of information and

2. G2C (Government to Citizen): The interaction amidst the government and

3. G2B (Government to Business): In this case, the e-governance helps the

4. G2E (Government to Employees): The government of any country is the

E-Government promotion was also carried out through budget support

E-Participation refers to ICT-enable participation in governance processes. It

Open Government Data

Cybersecurity is assessed by looking at how the government is able to protect

The Use of Emerging ICT

The use of emerging ICT aims to improve E-Government quality in the

Review of Related Literature

The emergence of information and communication technology (ICT) has affected

E-governance is one of the most cutting-edge efforts to develop effective

The ability to offer residents a wider range of governmental services in a

Governmental procedures are improved using ICT in public administrations,

In the Philippines, the internet is incredibly slow. For a low-income or

Building an efficient e-governance system in a developing nation requires a large

We are now starting to see change in governmental institutions, a greater

The use of electronic means, to promote good governance. It connotes the

E-government may increase government transparency by allowing the public to

Above all, e-governance must be viewed as an integral aspect of governance,

Mohammed, K. N. (2020). E-Government Strategies as a Modern Perspective of

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