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HISTORY FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD

History is the field of study that examines by Antonio Pigafetta
the historical occurences in the past.  Spain and Portugal are the world’s
 Nakaraan fiercest competitors for new lands.
 Nangyari na  It all started dahil gusto nila ng
 Mahahalagang pangyayari spices for their food.
We have 2 concepts of History:  Pope Alexander VI issued a Papal
The Western View of History Bull “Inter caetera” dividing the
 No document = no history world into two spheres of
 Very reliant on documentation exploration para sa Spain and
 This is because this concept was Portugal.
developed by Herodotus of  According sa Papal Bull, all lands
Halicarnassus, the Father of discovered in the east of the
History. He wrote the work Azores belonged to Portugal.
“Histories” which is a detailed Those in the West belonged to
account of past events ng Greece. Spain.
The Philippine View of History (History  ‘Di nag-agree yung both sides so
as Kasaysayan) gumawa sila ng treaty na
 Salaysay na may saysay tinatawag na Treaty of Tordesillas
 Isang kuwento na may kabuluhan to move the partition set by the
at sinasabi o isinasaysay. Pope.
 Ito rin ay sanaysay na  Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese)
nagsasaysay na isinasaysay dahil went to his king, Manuel I and
may saysay ito para sa suggested to find new spice
nagsasaysay. (A story which tells a routes.
story that is being told because it  Manuel I rejected the idea.
has a meaning for the story teller)  Dahil dito, Magellan renounced his
HISTORIOGRAPHY allegiance to Portugal and sailed
It is the study of how historians construct for Spain.
history.  His idea was supported by King
The first historical philosophy emerged in Charles V (Spain) and gave him
Greece (doon nakatira si Herodotus) five ships for the expedition.
o Five Ships of Magellan
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES  Trinidad (flagship)
(see book, page 4-6)  San Antonio
IMPORTANCE OF SOURCES  Concepcion
(see book, pages 6-10)  Victoria
HISTORICAL CRITICISM  Santiago
(see book, pages 10-14)  He was also given 270 crew
Hermeneutics have 2 types: members.
1. Hermeneutics of continuity –  They searched for routes from
interpreting history and sources West Africa to Brazil and to the
based on how it was interpreted as South American coastline but it
before. was ineffective.
2. Hermeneutics of rupture –  They went along the Patagonian
interpret history and sources into coast after searching the Rio de la
new light, new context. Plata.
Rupture=break with tradition and  They stopped at Port St. Julian at
conventional way of interpreting the end of March 1520.
things. o Spanish captains attempted
to overthrow Magellan but

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they were unsuccessful. sinusugatan. Sa dibdib

One captain was killed and sinusugatan ang 2 magboblood
another one was left compact, then imimix ang dugo
onshore. nila sa wine then saka nila iinumin
 On October 21, he finally found the both. Akala kasi ng iba, sa wrists
waterway he was looking for. It tapos pagdidikitin ang sugat. Later
was then called the Strait of development ‘ yon.
Magellan.  Magellan was an explorer, not a
 The strait was located between colonizer. His goal was to find the
Tierra del Fuego and the Spice Islands without crossing
continental mainland. Portuguese territory.
 Only three ships made it  He called the islands as Islas de
through. One was sunk (binagyo San Lazaro, .
ang Santiago) and another  Humabon was baptized and
deserted (nang-indian ang San received the name Carlos after the
Antonio). King of Spain. (More on this later)
 Magellan navigated the passage  The locals of Sugbu then asked
(strait) in 38 days. Afterwards, he Magellan to conquer their
finally saw the ocean and broke adversary, Lapulapu, the chief of
down in tears. Mactan Island.
 He was the first European to sail LAPULAPU, HERO OF MACTAN
from the Atlantic to the Pacific  27 April 1521, the Battle of Mactan
ocean happened.
 He accomplished the westward  Lapulapu defeated Ferdinand
crossing of the ocean in 99 days. Magellan.
 He called the ocean as “Mar o Lapulapu is also called
pacificus” or calm sea. Tranquil, Cilapulapu, Si Lapulapu,
peaceful, pacified. Salip Pulaka, Cali Pulaco
 By the end, the men were out of and Lapulapu Dimantag.
food and chewed the leather on  Lapulapu’s religion is still up for
their gears. question; but it is believed that they
 On March 6, 1521, they landed at followed the animistic religion.
Guam. (Hindi ISLAM kasi kumakain sila
 On March 16, 1521, they arrived in ng baboy noon, which is
the Philippines. haram/bawal sa Islam).
 Magellan has a slave-interpreter  Lapulapu was involved in piracy
for the expedition named that robbed commercial ships. This
ENRIQUE DE MALACCA. Siya hurt Sugbo’s trade. Kaya nagalit si
ang dahilan ba’t nagkaintindihan Humabon kay Lapulapu.
sila ng mga natives.  Records show that Lapulapu was
 He also had Antonio Pigafetta as willing to pay homage to the
his chronicler / taga-record ng mga colonizer and acknowledge the
ganap per day. might of the Spanish Crown.
 They then went to Sugbu / Cebu.
 However, naturn off si Lapulapu
 Magellan made a blood compact
dahil kasama sa conditions ang
with Rajah Humabon, local
halikan n’ya ang kamay ni Rajah
chieftain of Sugbu (Cebu)
Humabon, na akala ni Magellan eh
 PACTO DE SANGRE / BLOOD
supreme chieftain ng area.
COMPACT. The thing is, iba pala
 During midnight, Magellan’s 60
ang blood compact noon: hindi
armoured Spanish soldiers, with
yung akala natin na sa wrist

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20-30 war boats (karakoa) went to animosity. Magellan believed that

Mactan. Three hours before dawn, ancient Filipino culture was
they landed in Mactan. However, organized similar to European
due to the reefs and corals, they society, with a king or queen ruling
weren’t able to land on the shores. over a certain area. Magellan
 They anchored their ship two thought that Rajah Humabon was
crossbows flights off the shore. also ruler of Mactan because he
 Lapulapu’s warriors are 1500 was the monarch of Cebu.
armed with iron swords, arrows  Magellan was killed by Sampong
and bamboo spears. Baha, a native of Tubigon, Bohol.
 Lapulapu refused Magellan’s offer
to refrain from attacking them in
exchange for its oath of allegiance EVOLUTION OF THE NAME
to Humabon, obedience to the “PHILIPPINES”
Spanish King, and payment of 1. Ma-Yi or Ma-I (Land of Gold)
tribute. Given by the Greek cartographer (map-
 The Battle started in the morning. maker) Claudius Ptolemy.
 Magellan instructed Humabon’s The original Chinese name for Mindoro
warrior to stay aboard their ships to was Ma-i.
impress them with the superiority
of European armors and weapons. Gold in the Philippine Islands
 Magellan and 49 other Spanish Our ancestors used gold throughout as
soldiers went to battle against talismans and as currency.
Lapulapu’s 1500. The earliest type of currency in the
Philippines is the piloncito. The piloncito
 They set fire to a few cotteges
was used in Tondo, Namayan, and
along the shore to frighten them
Butuan.
but it backfired. The warriors
They were the first known coins used in
became angry and charged. A
the Philippines between the 9th and 12th
poisoned arrow struck Magellan in
century.
the leg, just above the knee, and
These coins grew into prominence when
two Spaniards were slain instantly
the barter system weakened.
in the struggle.
Gold ingots in the shape of rings are
 Magellan ordered them to retreat.
called “Panica” or barter rings were used
 When the natives identified him as
in the Philippines until the coming of the
the captain, they hogged on
Spaniards.
Magellan. They weren’t able to
This proved that gold was easily
move quickly because of their
accessible in the archipelago even before.
armours.
 Majority of the soldiers fled. Luzon / Liusung
 18 Spanish soldiers were permitted - The Chinese referred to Luzon as
to go back to Spain. Liusung
 9 were left with Humabon (they - Murillo Velarde thought that the name
were given sanctuary) was derived from the Tagalog word
 Magellan ordered Humabon to kill “Lusong” which mean the wooden
the survivors but Humabon mortar they used to grind their rice.
objected. So instead, he sold the - Pires (Portuguese chronicler) called it
survivors to Chinese traders as Lucoes.
slaves. - Before Sanson ‘d Abbevile used the
 Magellan might have a wrong cedilla to soften the C sound,
assumption that led to Lapulapu’s

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European map makers referred to it as Prince of Asturias (Crown Prince of

Luconia. Spain) who eventually became king
- The Japanese called it Roson or Philip II.
Ruson. In 1571, Spain established Manila as
- De Jorde, Linschoten, Kaerius were the capital city of the Spanish East
the first to depict Luzon in western Indies.
maps.
- Luconia – Luzonia – Luzon The People
2. Las Islas de San Lazaro (Saint 1. Callao Man – Latest oldest man in the
Lazarus Islands) Philippines. This beat the age of the
In 1521, when Magellan landed on the Tabon man. It was discovered in
islands and planted a Cross on Cebu, it Callao Cave in Cagayan.
signalled the beginning of Christianity in The fossils were unearthed beneath the
the Philippines. Magellan named the Callao Cave’s rocky floor.
islands as Islas de S. Lazaro because he It proved that tiny humans (hominid) lived
first saw the Islands on Saint Lazarus on Luzon during the Late Pleistocene
Sunday. period.
Rajah Humabon and Hara Amihan were Before the Callao Man, the latest was the
baptized and they received the name Homo floresiensis and their tiny teeth and
Carlos and Juana (after the King of Spain geographic location (South east Asia)
and the Queen Mother of Spain). imply that they were basically the same
Fr. Pedro de Valderrrama who was the species but the form of their teeth (molars
chaplain of the voyage baptized them. and premolars; callao man has 3 roots
instead of the usual 2), their feet, and
Magellan gave the couple three religious several other traits set them apart.
gifts: Armand Mijares (University of the
a) Santo Nino Philippines) with Florent Detroit (Musee d
b) Ecce Homo l’homie) discovered the Callao Man.
c) Virgen de la Cotta The Negritos are thought to have
descended from Homo Luzonensis.
These items were left to the Rajah and According to their research, the bones
stayed there for long. They converted the belonged to three people; one whom is
Santo Nino into a rain god and began to fairly young.
parade it to ask for rain. Years later, when 2. Tabon Man – oldest complete human
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived in Cebu, specimen. Found in 1962 at Tabon
the natives left their dwellings and set Cavs in Quezon, Palawan Island. They
them on fire, but they found the Sto Nino were discovered by Dr. Robert Fox.
intact.
Cebu was originally named Sugbu (which Social Classes
came from the word sibu/sibo which
means trade). It was renamed Villa del Four Social Classes
Santisimo Nombre de Jesus to Ciudad 1. Maginoo/Datu – head of the
del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus. barangay, Royal blooded.
2. Timawa – Commoners of a
3. Las Islas Filipinas (Philippine community
Islands) 3. Maharlika – well respected
After the death of Magellan, Ruy warriors of the barangay
Lopez de Villalobos was sent to the 4. Alipin – classified into two:
Islands to colonize them. He named a. Aliping namamahay –
the islands of Leyte and Samar the have their own rooms, free
names Filipinas, in honor of the to pick their own spouse,

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allowed to possess
property, and compensated
for their service.
b. Aliping saguguilid- no
homes,can be sold, unable
to marry without permission
of their owner.
Other important groups
1. Tambalan- Babaylan class
2. Atubang ng datu – Adviser of the
datu
3. Daragangan – outstanding soldier
4. Paratabgaw- baragay teacher

OTHER CUSTOMS
1. Dote / Bigay-kaya – Philippine’s
own version of the dowry system.
2. Himaraw – compensation for the
mother for all the sleepless night
lost while the bride was an infant

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