THEO 5 Module 2
THEO 5 Module 2
THEO 5 Module 2
A. Module 1
Lesson 1: Foundations: Catechism of the Catholic Church
1.1 Who is the Filipino Catholic?
1.2 God’s call: Revelation
1.3 Our Response: We believe
1.4 Our unbelief
B. MODULE 2
Lesson 3. The Mystery of Wickedness: SIN
3.1 Definition of Sin
3.2 Dimension and Structures
3.3 Degrees of sin
3.4 Seven Capital Sins
1.5 Confession of Sin
1.6 Definition of Grace and kinds of Grace
C. MODULE 3
Lesson 4. Introduction to Ten Commandments: Moral Norms/law
4.1 Elements of the standard of Law/Norm according to St. Thomas Aquinas
4.2 Classification of Law
4.3 Characteristics of Moral Norms
4.4 Functions of Moral law and Law of the Scriptures
4.5 Law in the Church
D. MODULE 4
Lesson 5: The Ten Commandments in the Catholic Tradition
5.1 The Ten Commandments in the Filipino
5.2 The Ten Commandments in the Scriptures
5.3 The Ten Commandments in the Early Church
5.4 Foundations of Christian Morality: The Ten Commandments
Lesson 6: Foundations of Christian Morality:
6.1 The Eight Beatitudes
IV. Course Subject Outcome
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Understand the Doctrinal basis of the Christian moral life: its challenges and demands.
2. Appreciate prayer and worship in their growth as moral persons called to constant renewal and
conversion in Christ.
3. become a person living out of faith option as grounded in the Sacred Scripture and in the Tradition of
the Church, in the realization of their freedom as governed by conscience in their moral decision
MODULE 2
LESSON 3: The Mystery of Wickedness: SIN
Overview:
THE MYSTERY OF SIN reveals itself as often as man forgets divine love. Personal experience tells us
—ahead of revelation-about our impotence to accomplish the good to which we aspire and are called, according
to God's plan. Man is free; thus, he can sin. But by committing sin, he places himself in a situation of
helplessness from which he cannot escape unless Christ—the Redeemer—frees him. The need of redemption is
a universal experience.
A. Notion of Sin
In order to understand what sin is, one must first recognize the profound relation of man to God. It is
only in this relationship that the evil of sin is revealed in its true identity as humanity's rejection of God and
opposition to him, which weighs heavy on human life and history. Only the light of divine revelation clarifies the
reality of sin, particularly the sin committed at mankind's origin: the original sin. Only in the knowledge of God's
plan for man can we grasp that sin is an abuse of the freedom that God gives to created persons so that they
might be capable of loving him and loving one another. Thus, Sacred Scripture describes sin as an abuse of free
choice.
For example:
Do not say, "Because of the Lord I left the right way"; for he will not do what he hates.
Do not say, "It was he who led me astray": for he has no need of a sinful man.
If you will, you can keep the commandments, and to act faithfully is a matter of your own
choice.
-(Sir 15:11-12, 15)
Sins are wrong choices; thus, Sacred Scripture adds that sin is primarily in the heart, not in external
behavior: "What comes out of a man is what defiles a man.... All these evil things come from within, and they
defile a man” (Mk 7:20, 23).
To sin is to do something that one knows one ought not to do, and to do it willingly. It follows that sin is
not irrational or compulsive. In order to do anything willingly, one must have an attractive good in view,
something that one cares about and deems worth pursuing. A sin is thus an act directed to some real or
apparent good. Yet, the sinner's will is not in line with integral human fulfillment—that is, fulfillment in respect
to all the goods in an ideal human community. Instead, the sinner settles for some more limited good; he makes
do with what is less, and that is not fully reasonable.
Sin lies in choosing something humanly good in a way that is detrimental to other goods or other
persons, instead of in a way that is open to one's integral human fulfillment. Feelings, not reasons, lead a person
to sinfully prefer this good or that, to his real good or ours. Instead of choosing in accord with his knowledge and
truth, he chooses against them. He violates conscience. Violation of conscience opens a gap --a lack of
correspondence between choice and the moral truth that is presented by conscience.
It is primarily this privation that is sin's evil. The privation lies in the lack of agreement between the
sinner's awareness of moral truth and his choice. It is the absence of something that ought to be present. Since
the privation is evil, the choice is likewise mutilated and evil.
Because sin is privation, it cannot be overcome by an act of destruction, nor by ignoring it or wishing it
away. It can be overcome only by God's act of re-creation. God must bring something into being-new hearts in
those who were sinners and new life in those who were spiritually dead. This is not work that we can do. Yet
God makes us cooperators in this work by allowing us to help prepare the ground for it and follow up on it.
Faith is a commitment to cooperate with God in redeeming us. God involves us in our redemption,
because he is trying to foster a personal relationship with us, a two-sided relationship that is real communion.
That is why he made us free and why he does not simply wipe out our sin without repentance on our part. If our
freedom was not engaged, we would be mere objects.
1. Missing the mark- focuses on the offenses inflicted on another by failing to meet one’s covenant
obligations. Since the first law of the Covenant of God is worship Yahweh, idolatry is its clearest expression.
“The worship of infamous idols is the reason and source and extremity of all evil acts. (Cf. Wisdom 14:17)
2. Depravity and perversity- refers to the defect of character or disorder that weighs the sinners down.
“For my iniquities… are like a heavy burden, beyond my strength “(Ps. 38:5)
3. Rebellion and transgression- picture sin as a conscious choice which destroys positive relationship.
“See what rebellious Israel has done. She has played the harlot.” (Jer. 3:6)
b. NEW TESTAMENT
Sin is considered as ungrateful desertion of the Lord. (Lk. 15:11-32)
The sinner lives in enmity against God; therefore, sinners are excluded from the Kingdom of God. (1
Cor. 6:9; Gal. 5:21)
The “capital” sin is the refusal to recognize the power of God in Christ and to confess Him as the
Messiah. (Jn. 8:24)
D. DIMENSIONS OF SIN
a. PERSONAL Sin: that destroys one’s inner wholeness. Is an offense against God that is
committed by the deliberate will of the individual.
b. SOCIAL Sin that affects and causes harm to one’s neighbor.
c. RELIGIOUS DIMENSION Sin that rejects and Ignores the structure established by God
Rejection of God.
E. DEGREES OF SIN
a. MORTAL: Derived from the Latin “mors” meaning death A morally wrong decision which is
so intensive that it gives a wrong orientation to man’s life. A sin which causes a total break in
our relationship with God. Is the act through which the soul gives itself to creatures to the point
of separating completely from its objective last end (God). Man separates himself from God, his
ultimate happiness, preferring an inferior good. The offense that is made to God is grave, the
inclination toward the creatures is gravely culpable, and the harm caused to the social order and
to oneself is also grave. The consequences are likewise grave: the sinner deserves eternal
damnation. Mortal sin destroys charity, a vital principle in us. It needs a new initiative of God’s
compassion and a conversion of the heart; this is normally done within the Sacrament of
Reconciliation. (cf. CCC, 1854-1861)
“God created us without us; but He did not will to save us without us “ St. Augustine (Sermo 169,11,13.)
To receive His Mercy, we must admit our faults.
An action that would be a venial sin in itself can become mortal in the following cases:
One thinks that it is a mortal sin and still does it, as we saw when we explained the erroneous
conscience.
A seriously evil purpose is sought.
There is a repetition of venial sins whose matter accumulates (such as when one commits many
small thefts, the total amount stolen becomes serious and the sin becomes mortal).
There is formal contempt.
It is foreseen that serious harm will arise from the venial sin.
An action that would be a mortal sin itself can become venial in the following cases:
The agent acts with an inculpable erroneous conscience.
The matter is light in itself (like a lie to avoid embarrassment in a trivial situation).
The matter is light because of its quantity (like a small theft).
The act is not perfectly human (either full consent or advertence is lacking).
F. DIVISION OF SIN
a. INTERNAL SINS: Internal sins occur in the mind. They are found in thought and desire.
1. Kinds of Internal Sins
1) mental complacency in sinful imaginations;
2) sinful joy in an evil deed;
3) evil desire;
4) Evil Desire 5) prejudice or bias
c. CAPITAL SINS
They are called capital not because they are always necessarily grave, but because they
easily become vices and sources of many other sins. Listed by Gregory the Great (604)
“A capital vice is that which has an exceedingly desirable end so that in his desire for it a
man goes on to the commission of many sins all of which are said to originate in that
vice as their chief source.” St. Thomas Aquinas
4. ENVY: Is discontent over the good of one’s neighbor, which is considered detrimental
to one’s own person. It is opposed to brotherliness and Magnanimity.
Envy is sadness on account of the goods possessed by another, which are regarded
as harmful since they diminish one’s own excellence or glory. It is opposed to Charity.
The ensuing vices are hatred, slander, detraction, gossiping, reluctance to praise
someone when it is due, material discrimination (for instance, in granting a position),
and sadness.
The remedies for envy are:
Fraternal charity
Humility
Consideration of the evils that result from envy.
5. LUST: The inordinate craving for sexual gratification. Opposed to the virtue of
chastity. God has linked in human persons the use of sex and transmission of life in
matrimony.
There, man and woman cooperate with the creative love of God in bringing new
life to the world. Inordinate use of sex results in loss of the capacity to love.
Lust is a mortal sin that admits of no slight matter. The vices that follow lust are
mental blindness, precipitance (acting too rashly), inconstancy, too much attachment to
present life and fear of the future, and hatred of GOD.
7. ANGER: the intemperate outburst of dislike with the inordinate desire for another’s
punishment. Opposed to patience and Meekness. Anger is that lack of moderation in
rejecting things we consider bad that moves us to the inordinate desire for revenge.
G. SOURCES OF SIN
1. TEMPTATION: The incitement acting upon a person to do evil. It is the attraction by
a good which in the larger context constitutes evil.
2. SEDUCTION: The deliberate effort to lead others to sin. Presupposes that the seduced
person is led to an action which stands in contradiction to her original personal
intention in mind.
“The sin of the century is the loss of the sense of sin” Pius XII
I. EFFECTS OF SIN
IT WOUNDS THE NATURE OF MAN
“PAGKAKAMALI”
A wrongdoing
“PAGKUKULANG”
Failure or deficiency
“PAGKASIRA”
Damage
Just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of
the one man the many will be made righteous.
God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.” Rom 5: 19, 8
Evaluations/Assessment:
Exercise no. 1. Essay: Kindly copy and answer the following questions or statements. The answer should be in
English and in Paragraph form. Write legibly and clear. (20 points each)
1. What is your personal concept of sin? Provide at least one specific example.
2. How does sin affects your personal growth as human being
(Minimum of five sentences each) And most especially to your;
a. family
b. friends or acquaintances
c. community or society
3. Kindly differentiate Mortal sin and Venial sin. Contrast them using examples that had happened in your
community. At least give example to each items. Make it in Paragraph form
Note: Write you answers in the Assessments and Reflections in separate papers and submit it on or
before November 19, 2021. Please, compile and staple all the worksheets with your name and
designated course in a brown envelop.
Reflection/Essay Paper Rubric (for Exercises 1 and 2)
Criteria Exemplar (4) Satisfactory (3) Developing (2) Beginning (1)
Response shows strong Response shows evidence of Response shows little Response shows no
evidence of synthesis of synthesis of ideas presented evidence of synthesis of evidence of synthesis of
ideas presented and and insights gained ideas presented and ideas presented and
insights gained throughout throughout the entire course. insights gained insights gained
Evidence and the entire course. The The implications of these throughout the entire throughout the entire
Practice implications of these insights for the respondent's course. Few course. No implications
insights for the overall teaching practice are implications of these for the respondent's
respondent's overall presented, as applicable. insights for the overall teaching practice
teaching practice are respondent's overall are presented, as
thoroughly detailed, as teaching practice are applicable.
applicable. presented, as applicable.
b. Objectives
i. Minister and mentor the youth in the ordinariness and extraordinariness of life
ii. Witness and wander with the youth the “will of God” as it unfolds
iii. Catechize and care for the youth based o n their needs, experiences, & insights
c. Description. This is an activity that provides an online space for pray-ers to come together and say their
prayers and reflections about their present cares and concerns in life.
d. Stakeholders. The efforts and efficacy of this endeavor will be made possible by the collaboration of the
following agencies: (a) Kabankalan Catholic College, (b) the Diocese of Kabankalan, and (c) Little Way College
Seminary. College seminarians of the Diocese (i.e. students of KCC) will lead the online community prayer
activities. The staff of the RAO and the Extension Office will take charge of the registration and appointment
completion of participants. The religious education and theology teachers will promotion the activity by
sending participants.
e. Activities
i. Preparation
1. AB Philosophy students will be trained in facilitating an online community prayer session by
the DAS Faculty.
2. AB Philosophy students will be grouped and facilities 3 practice sessions before launching
the program and accommodating the first set of participants.
3. Tech-support shall be a combination of DAS and BITE students and faculty. They will be the
registration and promotions in-charge of the program. They will also serve as the moderator
during actual sessions.
ii. Implementation
1. Active social media and diocesan school announcements about the program will be
launched by the stakeholders at an opportune time. Regular and regulated promotion about
the services shall be facilitated first among the students of KCC, the later among students of
the other diocesan schools.
2. AB Philosophy students will be grouped accordingly and host 10 youth who will participate
in the AMPO session. There will be one session in the morning and one in the afternoon that
will happen once a week.
3. AMPO session will allow the group to talk about their experience of faith, education, and
family life in the context of the pandemic. The activity shall be concluded by the individual
prayers delivered by each of the participants.
iii. Evaluation
1. All the participants will be required to comply with the online evaluation sheet, prior to
receiving their e-certificates of participation.
2. All facilitators will also have a short meet allows them to record and report their strength
points and improvement points by complying the facilitators evaluation form.
f. Operational Scheme
i. Promotion and Advertisement
1. The program shall be launched.
2. Regular and regulated online and parochial based advertisements shall be done for the
whole year, but with due consideration to the target participants. The CMO personnel of the
target schools and the Diocesan Commission on Youth representative shall coordinate for
the promotion and identification of participants.
ii. Coordination and Scheduling
1. The tech team shall receive the Google FIAT (Forms of Inquiry & Application that is Timely)
and set an appointment based on the schedule of preferred by the discerner.
2. The tech team shall secure confidentiality and selection of session members and schedule.
3. Activities
a. 1st Semester, Online Rosary (Every Wednesday, 3 PM)
b. 2nd Semester, AMPO Session (2nd and 4th Wednesdays, 2-3 PM)
iii. AMPO Session
1. The facilitating group, the tech team, and the 10 participants shall log at least 20 minutes
before the time schedule.
2. Each of the participants shall share their experiences during this pandemic, especially
related to their family, education, and faith experiences.
3. The session shall be concluded by prayers delivered by each of the participants.
Prepared by Reviewed by
Noted by