Flow Chart Soap

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Soap

what is?

Soap is a salt of a fatty acid used in a variety of


cleansing and lubricating products

why?

Soaps are surfactants that are typically used in homes


for cleaning, bathing, and other household tasks. Soaps
are employed in industrial contexts as catalyst
precursors, thickeners, and as parts of some lubricants.

where?

Non-toilet soaps
Most lubricating greases and thickeners contain soaps as
essential ingredients. Mineral oil and calcium or lithium soap
are typically combined to create greases. Numerous additional
metallic soaps, such as those made of sodium, aluminum, and
their combinations, are also beneficial. These kinds of soaps
are also used as thickeners to make oils more viscous. Olive
oil and lime were used to create lubricating greases in the past.

In addition, metal soaps are used as a rheology modifier in oil


paint compositions used by contemporary artists.

Toilet soaps
In the context of a household, "soap" typically refers to what is
known as a toilet soap, which is used for both personal and
household cleaning. Soap dissolves dirt and debris when used
for cleaning, making it easier to remove from the item being
cleaned. The polar hydrophilic (water-attracting) groups on the
exterior of soap molecules create micelles, which are tiny
spheres that enclose a lipophilic (fat-attracting) pocket and get
connected with the insoluble oil/fat molecules. This process
makes the oil/fat molecules soluble by keeping them protected
from the water. The water will carry anything soluble away
with it.

when?

For millennia, people have been using soap; evidence


suggests that around 2800 BC, in ancient Babylon,
materials resembling soap were produced.

how?

Soap dissolves dirt and debris when used for cleaning, making it
easier to remove from the item being cleaned. When soap is
lathered with a small amount of water during hand washing, it
acts as a surfactant and kills microorganisms by denaturing their
proteins and disrupting their membrane lipid bilayer. Moreover, it
emulsifies oils so that flowing water can carry them away.

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