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CHEMISTRY

1) State the meaning of the following: (4 marks)

(a) Conductor of electricity
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Non-conductor of electricity

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Matter
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) Mixture
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2) State the role of chemistry in the following fields: (3 marks)

(a) Medicine
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Cosmetics
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Sports
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3) Which apparatus in the chemistry laboratory is used to: (5 marks)

i) measure temperature ………………………………………………………….…

ii) crush substances …………………………………………………………….…..

iii) safely hold corrosive or hot solids ………………………………………………

iv) evenly distribute heat when heating substances in beakers or flasks

……………………………………………………………………………………..

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v) hold water for rinsing vessels and for adding water to vessels with narrow necks

………………………………………………………………………………………

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 vi) dry or keep substances free from moisture ……………………………………….

vii) measure mass………………………………………………………………………

viii) measure time ………………………………………………………………………

ix) provide heat………………………………………………………………………..

x) heat solid substances that require strong heating ………………………………..

4) a) Read the following passage and complete it with the correct terms used in
Chemistry. (10 marks)

In nature, matter exists often as mixtures in various combinations. The method used to
separate a given mixture depends on the properties of the components of the
mixture. To obtain iron particles from flour in flour mills
will be used. Ice cream vendors use dry ice instead of
ordinary ice because it , leaves no wetness and it is a better coolant than
ordinary ice. is a method of separating a mixture of sand and
water but it is not efficient because some solids pass into the liquid as the separation is carried
out. A more efficient method of separating this mixture would be......................................This
method is used on a large scale in....................................................................................A
saturated solution is one in which no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature.

The process of obtaining crystals from a saturated solution is known as

and is the method used to extract salt from salty water in Lake
Magadi and Ngomeni in Malindi. To separate a mixture of miscible liquids that have boiling
points close to each other use ; while for
immiscible liquids use......................................................................Athletes are usually tested
to
check if they have used banned substances to enhance their performance. The method used
to identify the banned substances is .

Terms

(Sublimes, a separating funnel, physical, water purification plants, chromatography,

refining of crude oil, use of a magnet, decantation, crystallization, evaporation, filtration,
fractional distillation, simple distillation, fractionating column, magnetism, Liebig
condenser, residue, solvent extraction)
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b) When substances are heated either a permanent or temporary change can take place.
Write word equations to represent the following :

i) Heating hydrated copper (II) sulphate (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Decomposition of copper (II) nitrate. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5) Draw a diagram to illustrate the preparation of oxygen gas using hydrogen peroxide
and manganese (IV) oxide. (5 marks)

a) What is the function of the manganese (IV) oxide? (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Why are the first few bubbles of gas not collected? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………..
c) What is the method used in the collection of oxygen gas? (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………..

6) Magnesium can react with several substances. Write word equations for the following
reactions:

a) i) Magnesium reacting with oxygen. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

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 ii) Magnesium reacting with water. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) Magnesium reacting with dilute hydrochloric acid. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

iv) Magnesium and copper (II) oxide. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

v) Magnesium and nitrogen. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

7) Write down the Reactivity Series of metals in order from the most reactive to the
least reactive. (10 marks)

8) a) Hydrogen is a reducing agent for some metal oxides. Where would it

be appropriate to place Hydrogen in the series in question 8. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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 b) List two uses of Oxygen gas. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) List three uses of Hydrogen gas. (3 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) What is the chemical name of rust? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9) Figure 1 below shows a method used to separate a mixture of ethanol (Boiling point 78oC)
and water (Boiling point 100oC).

Figure 1

a) Which liquid will be collected first? Explain. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) What is the role of the small beads in the fractionating column? (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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c) Name another mixture that can be separated by the method illustrated in figure 1. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10) Fill in the table with the correct answer. (9 marks)

Colour of the indicator in:

Indicator
Acid Neutral Base
Litmus

Phenolphthalein

Methyl orange

11) State three methods that can be used to prevent rusting. (3 marks) i)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii)…………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii)……………………………………………………………………………………………….

12) How are the following chemicals stored in the laboratory?

a) i)Sodium metal.............................................................................................(1 mark)

ii) Why?..............................................................................................................(1 mark)

b) i) Phosphorus...................................................................................................(1 mark)

ii) Why?...............................................................................................................(1 mark)

13 ) List the symbols of the following elements:

a) Sodium.............................................................(1 mark)

b) Sulphur............................................................(1 mark)

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 c) Chlorine...........................................................(1 mark)

d) Magnesium......................................................(1 mark)

15 ) Name the elements present in the following compounds:

a) Lead (II) oxide (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………..

b) Calcium carbide (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………….

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