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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 11
NOVEMBER 2019
BUSINESS STUDIES P2
MARKING GUIDELINE
MARKS: 150
This marking guide consists of 26 pages.

2 BUSINESS STUDIES P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2019)
NOTES TO MARKERS
PREAMBLE
The notes to markers are provided for quality assurance purposes to ensure the following:
(a) Fairness, consistency and reliability in the standard of marking.
(b) Facilitate the moderation of candidates' scripts at the different levels.
(c) Streamline the marking process considering the broad spectrum of markers across
the country.
(d) Implement appropriate measures in the teaching, learning and assessment of the
subject at schools/institutions of learning.
1. Candidates’ responses must be in full sentences for SECTIONS B and C.

However, this would depend on the nature of the question.
2. Comprehensive marking guidelines have been provided but this is by no

means exhaustive. Due consideration should be given to an answer that is
correct, but:
 Uses a different expression from that which appears in the marking
guidelines
 Comes from another source
 Original
 A different approach is used
NOTE: There is only ONE correct answer in SECTION A.
3. Take note of other relevant answers provided by candidates and allocate

marks accordingly. (In cases where the answer is unclear or indicates some
understanding, part-marks should be awarded, for example, one mark instead
of the maximum of two marks.)
4. The word ‘Submax.’ is used to facilitate the allocation of marks within a

question or sub-question.
5. The purpose of circling marks (guided by ‘max.’ in the breakdown of marks) on

the right-hand side is to ensure consistency and accuracy in the marking of
scripts as well as for calculation and moderation purposes.
6. Subtotals to questions must be written in the right-hand margin. Circle the

subtotals as indicated by the allocation of marks. This must be guided by
‘max.’ in the marking guideline. Only the total for each question should appear
in the left-hand margin next to the appropriate question number.
7. In an indirect question, the theory as well as the response must be relevant

and related to the question.
Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2019) BUSINESS STUDIES P2 3
8. Correct numbering of responses to questions is recommended in SECTIONS

A and B will be severely penalised. However, if the numbering is incorrect,
follow the sequence of the candidates’ responses. Candidates will be
penalised if the latter is not clear.
9. No additional credit must be given for repetition of facts. Indicate with an R.
10. The differentiation between 'evaluate' and 'critically evaluate' can be explained
as follows:
10.1 When 'evaluate' is used, candidates are expected to respond in either

a positive/negative manner or take a neutral (positive and negative)
stance, e.g. Positive: 'COIDA eliminates time and costs spent √ on
lengthy civil court proceedings.' √
10.2 When 'critically evaluate' is used, candidates are expected to respond

in either a positive/negative manner or take a neutral (positive and
negative) stance. In this instance, candidates are also expected to
support their responses with more depth, e.g. 'COIDA eliminates time
and costs spent√ on lengthy civil court proceedings, √ because the
employer will not be liable for compensation to the employee for
injuries sustained during working hours as long as it can be proved
that the business was not negligent.' √
NOTE: 1. The above could apply to 'analyse' as well.

2. Note the placing of the tick (√) in the allocation of marks.
11. The allocation of marks must be informed by the nature of the question,
cognitive verb used, mark allocation in the marking guidelines and the context
of each question.
Cognitive verbs, such as:
11.1 Advise, name, devise, state, mention, outline, motivate, recommend,

suggest, (list not exhaustive) do not usually require much depth in
candidates' responses. Therefore, the mark allocation for each
statement/answer appears at the end.
11.2 Describe, explain, discuss, elaborate, compare, distinguish,

differentiate, justify, analyse, evaluate, critically evaluate (list not
exhaustive) require a greater depth of understanding, application and
reasoning. Therefore, the marks must be allocated more objectively to
ensure that assessing is conducted according to established norms so
that uniformity, consistency and fairness are achieved.
12. Mark only the FIRST answer where candidates offer more than one answer for
SECTION B and C questions that require one answer.

13. SECTION B
13.1 If for example, FIVE facts are required, mark the candidate’s FIRST
FIVE responses and ignore the rest of the responses. Indicate by
drawing a line across the unmarked portion or use the word ‘Cancel’.
NOTE: This only applies to questions where the number of facts is

specified.
13.2 If two facts are written in one sentence, award the candidate FULL
credit. Point 13.1 above still applies.
13.3 If candidates are required to provide their own examples/views,

brainstorm this to come up with alternative answers.
13.4 Use of the cognitive verbs and allocation of marks:
13.4.1 If the number of facts are specified, questions that require

candidates to 'describe/discuss/explain' may be marked as
follows:
 Fact 2 marks (or as indicated in the marking guidelines)
 Explanation 1 mark
The ‘fact’ and ‘explanation’ are given separately in the marking

guidelines to facilitate mark allocation.
13.4.2 If the number of facts required is not specified, the allocation of

marks must be informed by the nature of the question and the
maximum mark allocated in the marking guidelines.
13.5 ONE mark may be awarded for answers that are easy to recall,
requires one word answers or is quoted directly from a
scenario/case study. This applies to SECTIONS B and C in
particular (where applicable).
14. SECTION C
14.1 The breakdown of the mark allocation for the essays is as follows:
Introduction
Content Maximum: 32
Conclusion
Insight 8
TOTAL 40

14.2 Insight consists of the following components:

Layout/ Is there an introduction, body, proper paragraphs and a
Structure conclusion? 2
Analysis Is the candidate able to break down the question into
and headings/sub-headings/interpret it correctly to show
interpretation understanding of what is being asked?
Marks to be allocated using this guide:
All headings addressed: 1 (One ‘A’)

Interpretation (16 to 32 marks): 1 (One ‘A’) 2
Synthesis Are there relevant decisions/facts/responses made based on
the questions?
Marks to be allocated using this guide:
No relevant facts: 0 (Two ‘-S’)

Some relevant facts: 1 (One ‘-S’)
Only relevant facts: 2 (No ‘-S’)
Option 1: Where a candidate answers 50% or more

of the question with only relevant facts: no
'-S' appears in the left margin. Award the
maximum of TWO (2) marks for synthesis.
Option 2: Where a candidate answers less than 50%
of the question with only OR some relevant
facts: one '-S' appears in the left margin.
Award a maximum of ONE (1) mark for
synthesis.
Option 3: Where a candidate answers less than 50%
of the question with no relevant facts: two
'-S' appear in the left margin. Award a
ZERO mark for synthesis. 2
Originality Is there evidence of examples, recency of information,
current trends and developments? 2
TOTAL FOR INSIGHT: 8
TOTAL MARKS FOR FACTS: 32
TOTAL MARKS FOR ESSAY (8 + 32) 40
NOTE:
1. No marks will be awarded for contents repeated from the introduction
and conclusion.
2. The candidate forfeits marks for layout if the words INTRODUCTION
and CONCLUSION are not stated.
3. No marks will be allocated for layout, if the headings ‘INTRODUCTION
and CONCLUSION are not supported by an explanation.

14.3 Indicate insight in the left-hand margin with a symbol e.g.

(‘L, A, -S and/or O’).
14.4 The breakdown of marks is indicated at the end of the suggested answer/
marking guidelines to each question.
14.5 Mark all relevant facts until the SUBMAX/MAX mark in a subsection has
been attained. Write SUBMAX/MAX after maximum marks have been
obtained, but continue reading for originality “O”.
14.6 At the end of each essay, indicate the allocation of marks for facts and
marks for insight as follows: L – Layout, A – Analysis, S – Synthesis, O –
Originality as in the table below.
CONTENT MARKS
Facts 32 (max.)
L 2
A 2
S 2
O 2
TOTAL 40
14.7 When awarding marks for facts, take note of the sub-maxima indicated,
especially if candidates do not make use of the same subheadings.
Remember headings and sub-headings are encouraged and contribute to
insight (structuring/logical flow/sequencing) and indicate clarity of thought.
(See MARKS BREAKDOWN at the end of each question.)
14.8 If the candidate identifies/interprets the question INCORRECTLY, then

he/she may still obtain marks for layout.
14.9 If a different approach is used by candidates, ensure that the answers are
assessed according to the mark allocation/subheadings as indicated in the
memorandum.
14.10 14.10.1 Award TWO marks for complete sentences. Award ONE mark
for phrases, incomplete sentences and vague answers.
14.10.2 With effect from November 2015, the TWO marks will not
necessarily appear at the end of each completed sentence. The
ticks (√) will be separated and indicated next to each fact, e.g.
‘Product development is a growth strategy/where business aim
to introduce new products√ into existing markets.’ √
This will be informed by the nature and context of the question,
as well as the cognitive verb used.
14.11 With effect from November 2017, the maximum of TWO (2) marks for facts
shown as headings in the memo, will not necessarily apply to each
question. This would also depend on the nature of the question.

SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 1.1.1 C √√
1.1.2 B √√
1.1.3 D √√
1.1.4 A √√
1.1.5 B √√
(5 x 2) (10)
1.2 1.2.1 non-profit √√

1.2.2 royalties √√
1.2.3 stress √√
1.2.4 citizens √√
1.2.5 civil √√
(5 x 2) (10)
1.3 1.3.1 H √√
1.3.2 J √√
1.3.3 G √√
1.3.4 I √√
1.3.5 A √√
(5 x 2) (10)
TOTAL SECTION A: 30
BREAKDOWN OF MARKS
QUESTION 1 MARKS
1.1 10
1.2 10
1.3 10
TOTAL 30

SECTION B
Mark the first TWO answers only.
QUESTION 2: BUSINESS VENTURES
2.1. Aspects to be considered when starting a business

- Culture of the organisation √
- Ensure the code of conduct is in place √
- Provision for on-going training √
- Possible environmental changes √
- Possible risk factors √
- Planning and minimising the environmental impact on the business √
- Action plan to satisfy the needs of customers √
- Cutting of costs on unnecessary waste and expenditure √
- The sources of raw materials/suppliers √
- The sources of funding that the business would use √
- The form of ownership that will be used by the business √
- The registration of the business √
- The location/business premises to be used √
- Consumer services √
- Possibility of business growth √
- Possibility of saving costs √
- Any other relevant answer related to the aspects that must be
considered when starting a business.
NOTE: Mark the first THREE (3) only.
(3 x 1) (3)
2.2 Factors when composing a flyer

- Write a title that will attract the reader’s attention. √√
- Use graphics to attract attention. √√
- Focus on the benefits of the products or services. √√
- Identify points clearly. √√
- Keep it simple with white space. √√
- Use text boxes if space allows. √√
- Do not use too many words. √√
- Let someone proofread the contents. √√
- Use bright paper and black text if the budget does not allow for colour
printing. √√
- Offer a discount on the product or service. √√
- Any other relevant answer related to factors that must be considered
when composing a flyer.
NOTE: Mark the first TWO (2) factors only.
Max. (4)

2.3 Scenario
Business avenue
2.3.1 Leasing √√ (2)
Motivation
Businesses enter into an agreement with ZP and pay on a monthly
basis for the use of property for a specified period. √ (1)
NOTE: Do not award marks for motivation if the business

avenue is incorrectly identified.
Max. (3)
2.3.2 Disadvantages of leasing

- At the end of the leasing period, the lessee does not become
the owner of the asset √ though the sum of payment is being
done over the certain period. √
- Lease payments are treated as expenses √ rather than as
equity payments towards an asset. √
- Paying lease payments towards a property, √ the business
cannot benefit from any appreciation in the value of the
property. √
- Lease expenses reduce the net income, √ it means limited
returns/reduced returns for an equity shareholder/profit
maximisation sometimes is not achieved. √
- It might be difficult for a business to raise/access further loans √
because leasing is treated as debt. √
- Lease agreement is a complex process √ and requires thorough
documentation and proper examination of an asset being
leased. √
- Depending on an agreement lessee remains responsible for the
maintenance √ and proper operation of the asset being
leased. √
- No added tax advantage √ that can be derived from leasing
expenses. √
- The lessee is bound by a contract √ even when a business may
not need the items. √
- Any other relevant answer related to the disadvantages of
leasing.
Max. (4)

2.4 Difference between partnership and personal liability company

PARTNERSHIP PERSONAL LIABILITY COMPANY
- No specific requirements √ - The name must end √ with the
in terms of the name. √ word, Inc. √
- It is formed by two √ or - Formed by one √ or more
more partners. √ shareholders. √
- Owned √ by partners. √ - Owned √ by shareholders. √
- Partners contribute √ - Shares issued √ to the
capital/skills/assets.√ founders/promoters. √
- Partners share profits √ - Profits paid in dividends, √
according to the according to number of shares
partnership agreement. √ owned.√
- Formed by legal - File Memorandum of
agreement between Incorporation (MOI) with the
partners √ and usually a Companies √ and Intellectual
partnership Property Commission (CIPC). √
agreement/partnership
article is signed. √
- Partners are usually - The business is managed by a
involved in the board of directors √ who may be
management √ of the professionals in their fields. √
business.√ - At least one director. √
- Partners have unlimited - Shareholders have limited
liability√/Partners are jointly liability. √
and severally liable for the - The PLC and its directors, past
debts of the business.√ and present, are jointly liable for
any debts and liabilities incurred.√
- No continuity √/If one - Continuity√ – if one shareholder
partner dies or retires, the dies/retires, the company will still
remaining partners need to continue to exists.√
draw up a new
agreement. √
- Partners pay tax √ in their - Subjected to double
personal capacity. √ taxation√/Companies and
shareholders are taxed
separately.√
- Any other relevant answer - Any other relevant answer related
related to a partnership. to a personal liability company.
Sub-max. (4) Sub-max. (4)
NOTE: 1. The answer does not have to be in a tabular format, but the
differences must be clear.
2. Award a maximum of FOUR (4) marks if differences are not clear/
Mark either partnerships or personal liability company only.
Max. (8)

2.5 Meaning of planning tools

2.5.1 Timelines
- A visual presentation √ of chronological information. √
- A way of displaying √ a list of events in date order. √
- A simple tool that lists all the activities that need to be done √
and the date order in which they will be completed. √
- Any other relevant answer related to timelines as a planning
tool.
Max. (2)
2.5.2 Project planning
- A detailed description of all the activities √ that needs to be
completed to execute a project successfully. √
- Consists of the actual plan, √ the scheduling of the task √ and
risk management to protect the business from financial
disaster. √
- Any other relevant answer related to project planning as a
planning tool.
Max. (2)
2.6. 2.6.1 Qualities of an entrepreneur

- Ambitious √
- Hardworking √
- Positive outlook √
- Perseverance √
NOTE: Mark the FOUR (4) qualities only.
(4 x 1) (4)
2.6.2 Key success factors
- Profitability √
- Sustainability √
NOTE: Mark the first TWO (2) key success factors only.
(2 x 1) (2)
2.7 Factors to consider when designing a presentation

- Know your audience. √√
- Use simple language. √√
- Clear purpose/objective of presentation. √√
- Include visual aids. √√
- Proofread the report to ensure it is error free. √√
- Use bright colours to increase visibility. √√
- Structure information in a logical sequence. √√
- Use a legible font and font size. √√
- Select a suitable background. √√
- Add special effects e.g. sound/animation. √√
- Any other relevant answer related to the factors that the presenter
must consider when designing a presentation.
Max. (8)
[40]

BREAKDOWN OF MARKS
QUESTION 2 MARKS
2.1 3
2.2 4
2.3.1 3
2.3.2 4
2.4 8
2.5 4
2.6.1 4
2.6.2 2
2.7 8
TOTAL 40
QUESTION 3: BUSINESS ROLES
3.1 Steps in problem-solving

- Identify the problem. √
- Define the problem. √
- Identify alternative solutions for the problem. √
- Evaluate alternative solutions. √
- Choose the best solution. √
- Formulate/Develop an action plan/strategy. √
- Implement the action plan/strategy. √
- Monitor the implementation of the action plan. √
- Evaluate the implemented solutions. √
- Any other relevant answer related to the steps in problem-solving.
NOTE: Mark the first FOUR (4) steps only.
(4 x 1) (4)

3.2 Rights and responsibilities of citizens

RIGHTS RESPONSIBILITIES
Education √ - Adhere to rules and policies. √
- Attend school regularly, learn and work
hard. √
Safety √ - Not endangering lives of others. √
Own property √ - To enjoy and use the property. √
Human dignity √ - Be kind, compassionate and sensitive to
others. √
- Treat people with respect and dignity. √
Equality √ - Do not discriminate on the basis of race/
gender/religion, etc. √
- Treat every person equally and fairly. √
Life √ - Protect and defend the lives of others. √
Freedom and security √ - Do not hurt/bully/intimidate others. √
- Solve any conflict in a peaceful manner.√
Freedom of thought √ - Respect the religions/beliefs/opinions of
others. √
- Any other relevant answer related to the rights and responsibilities of
citizen.
NOTE: 1. The answer need not to be in a tabular form.
2. Allocate ONE mark for a right and ONE mark for its
responsibility.
Max. (4)
3.3 Scenario
Crisis situations from the scenario
3.3.1 - Their food becomes rotten √
- not having electricity. √
- They are closed during load shedding because of health and
safety concerns.√
NOTE: Mark the first TWO (2) crisis situation only.
(2 x 1) (2)
3.3.2 Definition of crisis

- It is a time of intense difficulty, √ trouble or danger. √
- An event that can within a short period of time harm the
business’ key people, √ its property, finances and reputation. √
- Any other relevant answer related to defining the term crisis.
Max. (2)

3.3.3 Ways in which TMB can deal with business crisises in the workplace
- TMB/Businesses should respond appropriately and quickly to lessen
the effects of the crisis situation. √√
- Prevent/try to stop the crisis from happening. √√
- Assess/If the crisis happens, face up to it and quickly find out what has
happened without over-reacting. √√
- TMB/Businesses must plan/identify and prioritise the actions
required.√√
- Evaluate the damage/situation. √√
- Inform/Provide accurate and correct information. √√
- Support/Guide others through the situation by providing training and
support. √√
- Resolve any conflict of interest. √√
- Be sensitive to the people concerned. √√
- Regain control/Manage the situation in a calm manner until the crisis is
over. √√
- Obtain expert advice if the crisis falls outside the business’ scope of
expertise. √√
- Any other relevant answer related to ways TMB/businesses can deal
with business-related crisis in the workplace.
Max. (6)
3.4 Functions of workplace forum on business.

- Prevent unilateral decision made by employers√ on issues affecting
the employees. √
- Encourages workers’ participation √ in decision-making. √
- Workplace forum has the right to be consulted by employer on:
o Restructuring of work methods √
o Restructuring of workers √
o Retrenching of workers √
o Mergers and transfer of ownership √
o Job grading √
o Criteria for merits and bonuses √
o Health and safety measures √
o Measures to establish an affirmative action programme √
o Partial or total closure of the business √
- To promote the interests of all employees √ in the workplace. √
- To promote efficiency in the workplace √ through co-operation. √
- To be consulted by an employer √ and to reach consensus about
working conditions. √
- Any other relevant answer related to the functions of the workplace
forums on businesses.
Max. (6)
3.5 Stages of team development
3.5.1 Performing √√ (2)
3.5.2 Forming √√ (2)
3.5.3 Storming √√ (2)

3.6 Strategies businesses can use to deal with affirmative action
- Make the appropriate appointments √ to help previously

disadvantaged groups to achieve equality. √
- Business should change the proportion √ of previously disadvantaged
people at all levels. √
- Business provides in-house training √ or sends employees on skill
development courses. √
- Support the development process through accelerated coaching √ and
mentoring. √
- Clear goalsetting √ and communication to ensure adaptation to
affirmative action. √
- Business should ensure better understanding of affirmative action by
employees √ with the use of an awareness/understanding
session/campaign. √
- Business should not panic √ but regain control over the situation. √
- Business should take time √ to adjust to affirmative action. √
- Business should obtain information about affirmative action √ and
obtain expert advice to apply affirmative action. √
- Any other relevant answer related to strategies businesses can use to
deal with affirmative action.
Max. (4)
3.7 Ways in which businesses can play a role in the social and
economic development of communities
- Offering training to community members. √√
- Involvement in community upliftment programmes. √√
- Offering counsellors to counsel HIV and Aids patients and affected
families to help them cope emotionally. √√
- Involvement in feeding schemes to distribute food donated by
businesses. √√
- Active role in social welfare projects in the community. √√
- Help to solve environmental problems. √√
- Funding education by providing scholarships and bursaries. √√
- Encouraging employee volunteering. √√
- Educational development of staff. √√
- Funding local literacy programme. √√
- Any other relevant answer related to ways in which businesses can
play a role in the social and economic development of communities.
Max. (6)
[40]

BREAKDOWN OF MARKS
QUESTION3 MARKS
3.1 4
3.2 4
3.3.1 2
3.3.2 2
3.3.3 6
3.4 6
3.5 6
3.6 4
3.7 6
TOTAL 40
QUESTION 4: MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
BUSINESS VENTURES
4.1 Factors that influence the choice of funding

- Nature of finance √
- Amount of capital needed √
- Risk √
- Cost of finance √
- Period of finance √
- Tax consideration
- Any other relevant answer related to the factors that influence the
choice of funding.
NOTE: Mark the first THREE (3) factors only.
(3 x 1) (3)
4.2 4.2.1 Gantt Chart – T&C Attorneys
ACTIVITY WEEK PERSON

RESPONSIBLE
1 2 3
Registration √ √ Tengo √
Rent a building √ √ Cash √
Recruitment √ √ Tengo √
Sub-max. (3) Sub-max. (3) Sub-max. (3)
NOTE: 1. Gantt chart must be in a tabular format.
2. The person responsible must be linked to the activity.
Max. (9)

4.3 Steps in report writing

- Analyse the problem, prepare a written problem statement to clarify the
task. √√
- Anticipate the audience and issues, it could be distributed to people
whom it was not intended for. √√
- Prepare a workplan, start early and allow time for brainstorming and
preliminary research. √√
- Do research in order to gather data do not depend on the internet
only. √√
- Organise, analyse, interpret and illustrate the data, consider the
purpose √√
- Put together the first draft of the report, print the first draft and read it
sometime later. √√
- Revise, proofread and evaluate, ask a colleague to read the report.√√
- Any other relevant answer related to the steps in report-writing.
NOTE: Accept in any order.
Max. (6)
BUSINESS ROLES
4.4 Causes of conflict in the workplace
- Lack of proper communication between leaders and members √
- Differences in backgrounds/cultures/values/beliefs/language √
- Limited business resources √
- Different goals/objectives for groups/individuals √
- Personality differences between group/individuals √
- Different opinions √
- Unfair workload √
- Ill-managed stress √
- Unrealistic expectations √
- Poor organisation/leadership/administrative procedures and systems √
- Confusion about scheduling/deadlines √
- Ignoring rules/procedures √
- Misconduct/Unacceptable behaviour √
- High/Intense competition/Competitiveness √
- Poor communication √
- Unclear responsibilities √
- Distracted by personal objectives √
- Constant changes in the workplace √
- Unfair treatment of workers/Favouritism by management/
discrimination √
- Lack of trust amongst workers √
- Any other relevant answer related to the possible causes of conflict in
the workplace.
NOTE: Mark the first FOUR (4) causes of conflict only.
(4 x 1) (4)

4.5 Problem-solving technique

4.5.1 Force-field analysis √√
4.5.2 Delphi technique √√
(2 x 2) (4)
4.6 Advantages of creative thinking in the workplace

- Better/Unique/Unconventional ideas/solutions√ are generated. √
- May give the business a competitive advantage√ if unusual/unique
solutions/ideas/strategies are implemented. √
- Complex business problems √ may be solved. √
- Productivity increases √ as management/employees may quickly
generate multiple ideas which utilises time and money more effectively. √
- Managers/Employees have more confidence √ as they can live up to
their full potential. √
- Managers will be better leaders √ as they will be able to handle/manage
change(s) positively and creatively. √
- Managers/Employees can develop a completely new outlook, √ which
may be applied to any task(s) they may do. √
- Leads to more positive attitudes√ as managers/employees feel that they
have contributed towards problem solving. √
- Improves motivation√ amongst staff members. √
- Managers/Employees have a feeling of great accomplishment √ and they
will not resist/obstruct the process once they solved a
problem/contributed towards the success of the business. √
- Management/employees may keep up √ with fast changing technology. √
- Stimulates initiative from employees/managers, √ as they are
continuously pushed out of their comfort zone. √
- Creativity may lead to new inventions, √ which improves the general
standard of living. √
- Any other relevant answer related to the advantages of creative thinking
in the workplace.
Max. (8)
4.7 Reasons businesses become involved in social programmes
- To comply with BBBEE requirements. √√
- Lack of qualified workers by providing skills and training. √√
- Reduce socio-economic issues like HIV/Aids, unemployment and
education and training. √√
- Business gain competitive advantage, resulting in good publicity. √√
- Business get tax advantage or rebates. √√
- Increase social welfare and economic development of
communities. √√
- Quality of life of community is improved. √√
- Any other relevant answer related to reasons why businesses have to
become involved in social programmes.
Max. (6)
[40]

BREAKDOWN OF MARKS
QUESTION 4 MARKS
4.1 3
4.2.1 9
4.3 6
4.4 4
4.5 4
4.6 8
4.7 6
TOTAL 40
TOTAL SECTION B: 80

SECTION C
Mark only ONE answer in this section.
QUESTION 5: BUSINESS VENTURES (FORMS OF OWNERSHIP)
5.1 Introduction
- The companies are governed by the Companies Act which is
incorporated in terms of the Memorandum of Incorporation. √
- Prospectus is a written invitation to convince the public to buy
shares. √
- The name of the company must be registered before it can be
incorporated. √
- Although companies have a more complicated procedure to follow,
however, incorporators enjoy more benefits than other forms of
ownership. √
- Any other relevant introduction related to the aspects included in
their prospectus/legal requirements of the name of the company/
benefits of establishment company over other forms of
ownership/contents included in the MOI.
(Any 2 x 1) (2)
5.2 Aspects to be included in the prospectus

- Company overview, including the vision, mission and goals of a
business. √√
- Product or service portfolio. √√
- Market analysis and strategy. √
- Management team. √√
- The risk and potential of the business. √√
- Available financial and share information. √√
- Any other relevant answer related to aspects that must be included
in their prospectus.
Max. (8)
5.3 Legal requirement of the name of a company
- The name of a company must be original, √ and must not be
misleading. √
- A company`s name must appear on all company documents √ e.g.
on letterheads.
- Reserving a name for a company is the first step to register a
company, √ but it is not compulsory. √
- Names can be reserved for a period of 6 months√ by the CIPC. √
- The name must not be similar/same √ as any other company,
unless it is part of the group. √
- The name must not imply/suggest/mislead a person √ to believe
that the company is part of another person/business/the state. √
- The name must not be offensive/promote violence/hatred √ and
cause any harm. √
- The name must not be shortened √ and translated √

- The name of a public company √ must end with LTD √

- Any other relevant answer related to the legal requirements of the
name of the company.
Max. (14)
5.4 Benefit of establishing a company over other forms of ownership

- A company has its own legal status√ and is protected unlike
partnerships. √
- A company has continuity √ of existence. √
- Shareholders’ private assets are protected, √ as they have limited
liability. √
- Companies have legal constraints √ and more accountability than
partnerships. √
- A company may have more investors √ to fund the setting up of the
business. √
- Shareholders are able to buy √ and sell shares freely in a public
company. √
- Shareholders share in the profits of the company √ through
dividends. √
- The company is managed by a qualified √ and competent board of
directors. √
- A company is less likely to use consultants’ √ as it has a larger pool
of skills and expertise. √
- Companies have a better √ cash flow. √
- Directors do not have to take out personal loans √ to grow the
business. √
- Company shares can be √ transferred/bought/sold. √
- Companies have tax benefits √ that other enterprises do not have. √
- Any other relevant answer related to the benefits of establishing a
company over other forms of ownership.
Max. (16)

5.5 Contents of MOI

- Nature of the company outlines the type of the business, the name
of the business, the names, signatures, ID. numbers of each
incorporator. √√
- Securities of the company, the type and the amount of shares
issued. √√
- The rights, rules, resolutions and representation of shareholders
and meetings. √√
- Composition, authority and financial matters of the board of
directors. √√
- Incorporators’ control and rules of the company. √√
- Any other relevant answer related the contents that must be
included in the MOI.
Max. (8)
5.6 Conclusion
- A company becomes a juristic person from the date and time that its
incorporation is registered and effected by signature of the MOI. √√
- The process of company registration is more complicated with legal
formalities as compared to the partnership. √√
- Companies are able to raise capital more than the partnership. √√
- Any other relevant conclusion related to the aspect included in the
prospectus/the legal requirement of the name of the
company/establishment procedure/benefits of establishment
company over other forms of ownership/contents of MOI.
(Any 2 x 1) (2)
[40]
BREAKDOWN OF MARK ALLOCATION
DETAILS MAXIMUM TOTAL
Introduction 2
Aspects of prospectus 8
Legal requirements of the name of a company 14 Max.
Benefits of establishment a company over other 32
forms of ownership 16
Contents of MOI 8
Conclusion 2
INSIGHT
Layout 2
Analysis, interpretation 2
Synthesis 2 8
Originality/Examples 2
TOTAL MARKS 40
*LASO – For each component:
Allocate 2 marks if all requirements are met.
Allocate 1 mark if only some of the requirements are met.
Allocate 0 marks where requirements are not met at all.

QUESTION 6: BUSINESS ROLES (PROFESSIONALISM AND ETHICS)
6.1 Introduction
- Professionalism and ethics means that the highest legal and moral
standards are upheld when dealing with stakeholders. √
- Businesses that adopt professional, responsible and ethical business
practices will remain profitable/sustainable over a long period of
time. √
- Business ethics refers to the rules and principles which influence the
best business practice. √
- Many institutions in South Africa have their own code of conduct and
commitment to ethical and professional behaviour. √
- Any other relevant introduction related to professionalism and
ethics/benefits of ethical business venture/ways in which
professional, responsible, ethical and effective business practice
should be conducted.
(Any 2 x 1) (2)
6.2 Differences between professionalism and ethics

PROFESSIONALISM ETHICS
- Set of standards √ of expected - Conforms to a set of values √
behaviour. √ that are morally acceptable.√
- Forms part of a Code of Conduct √ - Forms part of the
to guide employees to act employees’ √ code of
professionally. √ conduct to guide employees
to act ethically.√
- Focuses on upholding the - Focuses on developing a
reputation √ of a moral compass √ to use in
business/profession. √ decision-making.√
- Includes guidelines√ on - Involves following the
employees' appearance/ principles of right or wrong √
communication/attitude/ in business activities/
responsibility, etc. √ practices/dealings. √
- Used for the good √ of the - Acceptable √ to
employees/individuals. √ society/group/ community. √
- Any other relevant answer related - Any other relevant answer
to professionalism in a business. related to ethics in a
business.
NOTE: 1. The answer does not have to be in tabular format.
2. The distinction does not have to link but must be clear.
3. Award a maximum of EIGHT (8) marks if the distinction is
not clear/Mark either a professionalism or ethics.
Max. (16)

6.3 Principles of professionalism

- Employees should respect themselves √ and rights of others e.g.
respect other languages/cultures. √
- Respect the image of the business/your profession √ e.g. adhere to
the dress code of the business/profession. √
- Act with integrity/honesty/reliability √ e.g. keep to working hours’ even
if no other workers are around/do not use the business resources for
personal gain. √
- Be committed to quality √ and apply skills and knowledge to the
benefit of the business/society at large. √
- Adhere to confidentiality measures √ by not disclosing sensitive
information about customers/business. √
- Remain objective, act fairly and justly to all √ without being biased or
showing favouritism. √
- Continually improve/develop skills and knowledge √ e.g. attending
refresher courses and seminars. √
- Share knowledge by investing time and expertise in junior staff
members √ e.g. uplifting/empowering others. √
- Any other relevant answer related to the principles of professionalism.
Max. (12)
6.4 Benefits of ethical business ventures

- Build customer loyalty √ – strong customer base reduces marketing
cost to acquire new customers. √
- Attracts more investors √ thereby increases its profitability. √
- Create a more positive image for the business√ and attracting more
customers. √
- Retain good employees by compensating fairly for their work √ and
dedication. √
- Employees develop positive relationships between their co-workers √
and managers, thus increase productivity. √
- Complying with environmental regulations or labour laws √ and avoid
penalties, including legal fees and fines or sanctions by governmental
agencies. √
- Any other relevant answer related to the benefits of ethical business
venture.
Max. (8)

6.5 Ways in which professional, responsible and effective practices

should be conducted
- Businesses should treat all employees equally. √√
- Plan properly and put preventative measures in place. √√
- Pay fair wages/salaries which are in line with the minimum
requirements of the BCEA/Remunerate employees for working
overtime/during public holidays. √√
- Engage in environmental awareness programmes/Refrain from
polluting the environment, e.g. by legally disposing of toxic waste. √√
- Refrain from starting a venture using other businesses’ ideas that are
protected by law. √√
- Business decisions and actions must be clear/transparent to all
stakeholders. √√
- Businesses should be accountable/responsible for their decisions and
actions/patent rights. √√
- Hiring honest/trustworthy accountants/financial officers with good
credentials. √√
- Regular/Timeous payment of taxes. √√
- Draw up a code of ethics/conduct. √√
- Ongoing development and training for all employees. √√
- Performance management systems/Appraisals should be in place. √√
- Adequate internal controls/monitoring/evaluation. √√
- Any other relevant answer related to ways in which professional,
responsible, ethical and effective business practices should be
conducted.
Max. (10)
6.6 Conclusion
- A business code on ethics and conduct should improve relationships
and eliminate unethical business practices. √√
- Employees who do not adhere to a code of ethics and conduct should
be disciplined. √√
- Businesses can make use of good corporate governance to address
issues that challenge ethical and professional behaviour. √√
- Any other relevant conclusion related to professionalism and
ethics/benefits of ethical business venture/ways in which professional,
responsible, ethical and effective business practice should be
conducted.
(Any 1 x 2) (2)
[40]

BREAKDOWN OF MARK ALLOCATION

DETAILS MAXIMUM TOTAL
Introduction 2
Difference between
16
professionalism and ethics
Principles of professionalism 12 Max.
Benefit of ethical business
8 32
venture
Ways in which professional,
responsible, ethical and
10
effective business practice can
be conducted.
Conclusion 2
INSIGHT
Layout 2
Analysis, interpretation 2 8
Synthesis 2
Originality/Examples 2
TOTAL MARKS 40
*LASO – For each component:
Allocate 2 marks if all requirements are met.
Allocate 1 mark if only some of the requirements are met.
Allocate 0 marks where requirements are not met at all.
TOTAL SECTION C: 40
GRAND TOTAL: 150

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NATIONAL

This marking guide consists of 26 pages.

1. Candidates’ responses must be in full sentences for SECTIONS B and C.

2. Comprehensive marking guidelines have been provided but this is by no

NOTE: There is only ONE correct answer in SECTION A.

3. Take note of other relevant answers provided by candidates and allocate

4. The word ‘Submax.’ is used to facilitate the allocation of marks within a

5. The purpose of circling marks (guided by ‘max.’ in the breakdown of marks) on

6. Subtotals to questions must be written in the right-hand margin. Circle the

7. In an indirect question, the theory as well as the response must be relevant

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8. Correct numbering of responses to questions is recommended in SECTIONS

9. No additional credit must be given for repetition of facts. Indicate with an R.

10.1 When 'evaluate' is used, candidates are expected to respond in either

10.2 When 'critically evaluate' is used, candidates are expected to respond

NOTE: 1. The above could apply to 'analyse' as well.

Cognitive verbs, such as:

11.1 Advise, name, devise, state, mention, outline, motivate, recommend,

11.2 Describe, explain, discuss, elaborate, compare, distinguish,

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NOTE: This only applies to questions where the number of facts is

13.3 If candidates are required to provide their own examples/views,

13.4 Use of the cognitive verbs and allocation of marks:

13.4.1 If the number of facts are specified, questions that require

The ‘fact’ and ‘explanation’ are given separately in the marking

13.4.2 If the number of facts required is not specified, the allocation of

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14.2 Insight consists of the following components:

Marks to be allocated using this guide:

All headings addressed: 1 (One ‘A’)

Marks to be allocated using this guide:

No relevant facts: 0 (Two ‘-S’)

Option 1: Where a candidate answers 50% or more

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14.3 Indicate insight in the left-hand margin with a symbol e.g.

14.8 If the candidate identifies/interprets the question INCORRECTLY, then

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1.2 1.2.1 non-profit √√

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Mark the first TWO answers only.

QUESTION 2: BUSINESS VENTURES

2.1. Aspects to be considered when starting a business

2.2 Factors when composing a flyer

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NOTE: Do not award marks for motivation if the business

2.3.2 Disadvantages of leasing

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2.4 Difference between partnership and personal liability company

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2.5 Meaning of planning tools

2.6. 2.6.1 Qualities of an entrepreneur

2.7 Factors to consider when designing a presentation

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QUESTION 3: BUSINESS ROLES

3.1 Steps in problem-solving

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3.2 Rights and responsibilities of citizens

3.3.2 Definition of crisis

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3.4 Functions of workplace forum on business.