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    Lecture#07 Inst 2021

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    Muhammad Arsalan Khan
    This document summarizes a lecture on signal conditioning components and circuits. It discusses different circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes. It describes the functions of rectifier diodes, light emitting diodes, photodiodes, and zener diodes. The document also covers transistors, how they are used as switches, buffers, inverters, and in comparator circuits. It concludes with a brief summary of the key points and lists references used.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture#07 Inst 2021

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Arsalan Khan
    9 views19 pages
    This document summarizes a lecture on signal conditioning components and circuits. It discusses different circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes. It describes the functions of rectifier diodes, light emitting diodes, photodiodes, and zener diodes. The document also covers transistors, how they are used as switches, buffers, inverters, and in comparator circuits. It concludes with a brief summary of the key points and lists references used.

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    Lecture#07_Inst_2021

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    This document summarizes a lecture on signal conditioning components and circuits. It discusses different circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes. It describes the functions of rectifier diodes, light emitting diodes, photodiodes, and zener diodes. The document also covers transistors, how they are used as switches, buffers, inverters, and in comparator circuits. It concludes with a brief summary of the key points and lists references used.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views19 pages

    Lecture#07 Inst 2021

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Arsalan Khan
    This document summarizes a lecture on signal conditioning components and circuits. It discusses different circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes. It describes the functions of rectifier diodes, light emitting diodes, photodiodes, and zener diodes. The document also covers transistors, how they are used as switches, buffers, inverters, and in comparator circuits. It concludes with a brief summary of the key points and lists references used.

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    You are on page 1of 19

    Instrumentation and Measurement

    Lecture# 07
    Signal conditioning components and circuits
    Instructor: Engr. Muhammad Asif
    Email: [email protected]

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    University of Engineering and Technology
    Taxila

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 1


    Recap
     Collect the data using DAQ with proper
    calibration.
     Pre-process it to clean and perform conversions.
     Interpret and visualize the data to make decisions
    or take the necessary actions
     Sampling rate should be high to get more precise
    and in depth analysis of the sensor’s data
     Digital sensor can be used to detect proximity.
     Optical encoders exhibit square pulses normally.
    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 2
    Lecture outline

     RLC components
     Diodes
     Rectifier diodes
     Light emitting diodes
     Photodiodes
     Zener diodes
     Triodes
     BJTs and FETs
     Switches (Transistors and relays)
     Comparators, buffers, amplifiers, etc.
    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 3
    RLC…

    Resistor:

     A passive electrical component with two terminals


    that are used for either limiting or regulating the flow
    of electric current in electrical circuits.
     The main purpose of resistor is to reduce the current
    flow and to lower the voltage in any particular
    portion of the circuit.

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 4


    RLC…

    Inductor:

     An inductor is a passive electrical component that


    opposes sudden changes in current.
     It stores energy in the form of magnetic field.
     Inductors are also known as coils or chokes. The
    electrical symbol for an inductor is L.

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 5


    RLC…

    Capacitor:

     A capacitor is a two-terminal electrical device that


    can store energy in the form of an electric charge.
     It consists of two electrical conductors that are
    separated by a distance.
     Stores energy in the form of electric field.
     Electrolytic capacitors are recommended to use in
    power lines in parallel.

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 6


    Diodes

    Types:
    A two terminal component which conducts at the
    nominal biasing voltage.
     Rectifier diodes:
     Convert AC to DC voltage.
     Light emitting diodes:
     Used as signal indicators
     Photo diode:
     Biased with photons
     Zener diodes:
     Regulates the voltage
    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 7
    Diodes…rectifiers
     Used as switch

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 8


    Diodes…rectifiers
     As flywheel diodes:
     Used as a flywheel diodes with relays and motors.
     It handles the back emf when installed in parallel

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 9


    Diodes…LEDs
     Used as signal indicators.
     Simple on/off or in specific patterns.
     Must use a resistor in series.

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 10


    Diodes…Photodiode
     Used as light receiver
     Conducts in reverse biased.
     Applicable in sensor based solutions

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 11


    Diodes…Zener
     Used as voltage regulator
     Conducts in reverse biased.

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 12


    Triodes…Transistor
     Transistor is a three layer component used as a
    switch and as an amplifier.
     It is a miniature semiconductor that regulates or
    controls current or voltage flow in addition
    amplifying and generating these electrical signals
    and acting as a switch/gate for them.
     May be used as buffer or inverter.
     Types: Bipolar transistors (bipolar junction
    transistors: BJTs), field-effect transistors (FETs),
    and insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 13


    Triodes…Transistor

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 14


    Triodes…Transistor
    Buffer circuit:

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 15


    Triodes…Transistor
    Inverter circuit:

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 16


    Voltage comparator

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 17


    Lecture summary
     Resistor dissipates electric energy, while capacitor
    and inductor stores it as EE, ME resp.
     Diode is a two terminal component acts as a switch
    below or above the junction voltage.
     LEDs are used as signal indicator
     Photodiode is a light receiver & Zener diode
    regulates the voltage.
     Transistor is a three terminal component acting as
    switch (cut-off & saturation) & amplifier.
     Comparator generates the corresponding voltage at
    output.
    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 18
    References
     Circuit simulation using Proteus
     Images have been taken from Google
     Electronic Devices by Floyd (chapter 2, 3,
    and 4)

    Lec#07 by Engr. Muhammad Asif 19

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